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| Registros recuperados: 23 | |
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| Abbott, Philip C.; Paarlberg, Philip L.; Sharples, Jerry A.. |
| Most agricultural export subsidies are targeted to specific countries. This paper demonstrates that in a standard general equilibrium model of international trade, a small targeted subsidy increase the welfare of the subsidizing country by exploiting differences in price responsiveness of demand relationships of importers. A single-product spatial equilibrium model then is used to show that targeted export subsidies can be used to increase the subsidizing country's welfare by exploiting transportation cost differences and the elasticity of excess supply of competitors or of markets supplied by competitors through subsidization of shared markets. In addition, an empirical model of the world wheat market is used to illustrate the theoretical conclusions. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1986 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51235 |
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| Paarlberg, Philip L.; Lee, John G.; Seitzinger, Ann Hillberg. |
| Questions have been raised regarding the economic costs of food-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in the United States. This analysis examines how welfare changes are measured and argues that they must be decomposed by groups. Producers with animals quarantined and slaughtered because of FMD measure their welfare change using lost sales. Producers not quarantined measure their welfare change using producer surplus. The change in national sales revenue is accurate when the supply elasticity is low. Welfare changes for consumers also must be decomposed because the change in aggregate consumer surplus hides important shifts in welfare among groups of consumers. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Economic effects; Foot-and-mouth disease; Livestock; Meat; D60; Q13; Q17; Q18. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37832 |
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| Paarlberg, Philip L.; Hillberg, Ann; Lee, John G.; Mathews, Kenneth H., Jr.. |
| This report presents a modeling framework in which epidemiological model results are integrated with an economic model of the U.S. agricultural sector to enable estimation of the economic impacts of outbreaks of foreign-source livestock diseases. To demonstrate the model, the study assessed results of a hypothetical outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). The modeling framework includes effects of the FMD episode on all major agricultural products and assesses these effects on aggregate supply, demand, and trade over 16 quarters. Model results show a potential for large trade-related losses for beef, beef cattle, hogs, and pork, though relatively few animals are destroyed. The swine and pork sectors recover shortly after assumed export restrictions end,... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Animal disease; Epidemiology; Foot and mouth disease (FMD); Sector model; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56453 |
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| Martin, Lizbeth; Paarlberg, Philip L.; Lee, John G.. |
| Future trade negotiations will incorporate environmental concerns. This study presents a framework to evaluate whether the United States would be willing to adopt a pesticide restriction in exchange for European Union liberalization of producer support. It outlines the conditions that must be met if a bargain is to occur. Partial equilibrium commodity models test whether the conditions for a bargaining solution are satisfied. The research results indicate that a potential bargain is possible for stricter U.S. environmental regulations in coarse grains if there is a sufficiently large positive EU externality. Conditions in the oilseed market preclude a bargain. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31292 |
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| Toth, Erzsebet; Varga, Gyula; Paarlberg, Philip L.. |
| This research examines the transformation of Hungarian agricultural production cooperatives. In contrast to early expectations, cooperatives did not experience much membership loss. Rather, the enterprises held together, although they downsized. The distribution of collective assets occurred quickly and created much tension. The sector experienced a severe decapitalization, and the efficiency of the sector fell. There was a sharp rise in unemployment. Sales and marketing were disrupted. Thus, the cooperatives transformed in a very hostile situation. They survived, and some prospered, yet, in general, they remain vulnerable to adverse economic developments. Healthy cooperatives will be vital to the success of smaller private farms. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46185 |
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| Petry, Mark; Paarlberg, Philip L.; Lee, John G.. |
| The partial equilibrium model links the infection risk from imported products to a premium, which compensates the importing country for the risk incurred by allowing imports from infected countries. The model is applied to the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) and Mexican live swine imports. The premium is sensitive to the expected loss from a PRRS outbreak and to the magnitude of the risk. As the risk or severity of PRRS rises, so does the level of the barrier. If swine imports are categorized and appropriate restrictions applied, an acceptable level of disease protection can be achieved while improving national welfare. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Livestock health risk; PRRS; Trade barriers; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15154 |
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| Zobbe, Henrik; Paarlberg, Philip L.. |
| There were two schools of thought to the roots of the farm depression in the United States during the 1920s. One school argued that there was overcapacity in agriculture and recommended production adjustment programs. Another school argued that the problem of agriculture had to do with financial and monetary chaos in the general economy and advocated better central banking and monetary reform. This paper evaluates arguments and policy recommendations from both schools using a traditional general equilibrium model and a macroeconomic model. Theory and data do not support the former school. There is no evidence of a long-run fall in agriculture's term-of-trade due to oversupply of farm goods. During the 1920s agriculture's declining share in the general... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28637 |
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| Paarlberg, Philip L.. |
| The paper is organized into three major sections. The first section considers agricultural production prior to German reunification in 1990. It looks at the agricultural production structure in the region prior to the division of Germany in 1945 as well as the patterns which arose under the communist government. The second section starts with the 1989 situation and then discusses the initial adjustments seen as market forces are introduced -- 1990 and 1991. The third section builds upon this base to speculate on how the production structure will unfold in the future. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1993 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51124 |
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| Miller, Douglas J.; Paarlberg, Philip L.. |
| The United States embarked on a policy assuming excess demands for commodities are elastic. Some analysts question the success of that policy and argue that excess demands for farm commodities are inelastic. The controversy is deepened because the two traditional techniques for determining excess demand elasticities yield opposing estimates. We use an alternative technique based on observed variation in commodity prices, production, and use. The point estimates show excess demands for wheat, coarse grains, soybeans, rice, and cotton are elastic. However, a one-sided bootstrap test cannot reject the null hypothesis that the excess demands for wheat, coarse grains, and soybeans are inelastic. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20587 |
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| Lee, John G.; Paarlberg, Philip L.; Eales, James S.. |
| The United States imposed a tariff-rate quota (TRQ) on lamb meat in July 1999. Early analysis suggested the possibility that lamb growers could lose welfare via the creation of packer market power. This paper considers how subsequent events modify that analysis. Observed prices suggest reduced pass-through. Lamb prices are unchanged and more stable. Using an annual quota instead of a quarterly quota reduces the opportunity for market conduct switching. Early termination of the TRQ to comply with the WTO rulings magnifies any welfare loss. Assistance payments prevent welfare losses to growers with little impact on the market. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36076 |
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| Paarlberg, Philip L.; Lee, John G.. |
| Under the new WTO trading rules the United States is obligated to revise its beef import policy and has proposed barriers based on classifying nations according to livestock health risks. This research develops a model which captures the impact of various degrees of FMD risk from imports on setting import barriers. The results show that nations classified as high risk for FMD continue to face prohibitive barriers. As outbreak risk falls so does the level of the barrier levied against that exporter. The barrier levels are also sensitive to the expected social losses as influenced by alternative control strategies. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14599 |
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| Bjornlund, Britta; Cochrane, Nancy J.; Haley, Mildred M.; Hoskin, Roger; Liefert, Olga; Paarlberg, Philip L.. |
| This report examines the restructuring of the livestock sectors in five countries: Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Hungary, and Romania. All five countries experienced a decline in both animal inventories and meat output during the early years of transition away from a centrally planned economy. ERS, in cooperation with Purdue University, developed five general equilibrium models depicting the economies of each nation. The models were used to evaluate capital investment at different stages of production; the rise in land prices that would result from a better functioning land market; reduced marketing costs; increased availability of credit; and, the creation of off-farm employment to draw labor out of agriculture. The study identifies potential trade and... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Livestock sector; Eastern Europe; Centrally planned economy; Cattle; Dairy; Beef; Pork; Poultry; Hogs; Property rights; Trade; Investment; Reform; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33977 |
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| Registros recuperados: 23 | |
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