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| Registros recuperados: 29 | |
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| Palmer, Karen L.; Burtraw, Dallas. |
| In the mid-1990s, when the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission was preparing to release Order 888 requiring open access to the transmission grid, the commission, environmental groups, and the Environmental Protection Agency, among others, raised the question of how open access and greater competition in wholesale electricity markets might affect the environment. If open access worked as expected, underutilized older coal-fired generators in the Midwest and elsewhere might find new markets for their power, leading to associated increases in air pollution emissions. Restructuring also might lead to retirements of inefficient nuclear facilities, whose generation would be replaced by fossil generation, further increasing emissions. On the other hand, some... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Electric utilities; Regulation; Competition; Environment; Air pollution; Natural gas; Coal; Nuclear; Renewables; Customer choice; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L51; L94; L98. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10656 |
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| Palmer, Karen L.; Burtraw, Dallas. |
| This paper investigates the regional air pollution effects that could result from new opportunities for inter-regional power transmission in the wake of more competitive electricity markets. The regional focus is important because of great regional variation in the vintage, efficiency and plant utilization rates of existing generating capacity, as well as differences in emission rates, cost of generation and electricity price. Increased competition in generation could open the door to changes in the regional profile of generation and emissions. We characterize the key determinant of changes in electricity generation and transmission as the relative cost of electricity among neighboring regions. In general, low cost regions are expected to export power... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Electricity restructuring; Transmission; Environmental Economics and Policy; L94; Q25; Q28. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10766 |
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| Palmer, Karen L.; Sigman, Hilary; Walls, Margaret. |
| This paper explores public policies for reduction of municipal solid waste. We parameterize a simple model of waste disposal using supply and demand elasticities from the economics literature and 1990 prices and quantities of recyclable and recycled materials. Using this model, we calculate the waste reduction in response to three public policies: (i) deposit/ refunds, (ii) advance disposal fees, and (iii) recycling subsidies. The results illustrate the effects of the three policies on source reduction and recycling of five recyclable materials that comprise 56 percent of municipal solid waste: aluminum, glass, paper, plastic, and steel. The calculated responses provide information about the cost of reducing municipal solid waste through various policies.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Solid waste; Deposit/refund; Recycling subsidy; Secondary materials; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; H2. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10898 |
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| Brennan, Timothy J.; Palmer, Karen L.; Martinez, Salvador A.. |
| Electricity is one of the last U.S. industries in which competition is replacing regulation. We briefly review the technology for producing and delivering power, the history of electricity policy, and recent state and international experience. We then outline the major questions facing policymakers as they decide whether, when, and how to implement restructuring. We conclude with some thoughts on the California electricity crisis and other political controversies. Although the California experience has come to define what it means for electricity markets to fail, most of the problems it raised are among those we know how to solve or prevent. The still unresolved make-or-break issue remains whether the cooperation necessary to maintain reliability is... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Electricity restructuring; Regulation; Deregulation; Public Economics; L51; L94; D4. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10508 |
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| Gillingham, Kenneth; Newell, Richard G.; Palmer, Karen L.. |
| Energy efficiency policies are a primary avenue for reducing carbon emissions, with potential additional benefits from improved air quality and energy security. We review literature on a broad range of existing non-transportation energy efficiency policies covering appliance standards, financial incentives, information and voluntary programs, and government energy use (building and professional codes are not included). Estimates indicate these programs are likely to have collectively saved up to 4 quads of energy annually, with appliance standards and utility demand-side management likely making up at least half these savings. Energy Star, Climate Challenge, and 1605b voluntary emissions reductions may also contribute significantly to aggregate energy... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Energy efficiency policy; Appliance standards; Information; Incentives; Voluntary programs; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q48; Q41. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10477 |
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| McVeigh, James; Burtraw, Dallas; Darmstadter, Joel; Palmer, Karen L.. |
| This study provides an evaluation of the performance of five renewable energy technologies used to generate electricity: biomass, geothermal, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal, and wind. We compared the actual performance of these technologies against stated projections that helped shape public policy goals over the last three decades. Our findings document a significant difference between the success of renewable technologies in penetrating the U.S. electricity generation market and in meeting cost-related goals, when compared with historic projections. In general, renewable technologies have failed to meet expectations with respect to market penetration. They have succeeded, however, in meeting or exceeding expectations with respect to their cost. To a... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Renewable energy; Regulation; Electricity generation; Energy cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; L94. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10627 |
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| Walls, Margaret; Palmer, Karen L.. |
| Many environmentalists and policymakers are shifting their focus from media-specific pollution problems to product-specific, life-cycle environmental problems. In this paper, we develop a model of production and consumption that incorporates life-cycle environmental externalities-specifically, an upstream manufacturing byproduct, air or water pollution from manufacturing, and downstream solid waste disposal. We then use the model to derive optimal government policies to address all three externalities. We assume throughout that a Pigovian tax on waste disposal is precluded because of the potential for illegal dumping. We then examine four cases: one in which Pigovian taxes on the upstream externalities are feasible, one in which such taxes are infeasible,... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Life-cycle externalities; Solid waste; Deposit-refund; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10837 |
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| Registros recuperados: 29 | |
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