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	Provedor de dados AgEcon (10) Autor Pascual, Unai (10) Krishna, Vijesh V. (3) Omer, Amani A. (3) Russell, Noel P. (3) Barbier, Edward B. (2) Dedeurwaerdere, Tom (2) Drucker, Adam G. (1) Martinez-Espineira, Roberto (1) Narloch, Ulf (1) Nordhagen, Stella (1) Zilberman, David (1) Mais... Palavra-chave Agrobiodiversity (5) Environmental Economics and Policy (4) Agricultural and Food Policy (3) Q12 (3) Q24 (3) Bioprospection (2) Consumer/Household Economics (2) Genetic resources (2) Kani model (2) Land Economics/Use (2) Mexico (2) Production Economics (2) Productivity (2) Q16 (2) Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies (2) Technical change (2) Traditional knowledge (2) Adaptation (1) Agribusiness (1) Benefit sharing (1) Mais... Tipo do documento Conference Paper or Presentation (6) Journal Article (2) Working or Discussion Paper (2) Ano 2011 (1) 2009 (2) 2006 (3) 2005 (3) 2003 (1) País United States (10) Idioma Inglês (10)		Ordenar por:  Relevância Autor Título Ano Registros recuperados: 10 Primeira ... 1 ... Última BIODISCOVERY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: A DYNAMIC APPROACH TO ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AgEcon Dedeurwaerdere, Tom; Krishna, Vijesh V.; Pascual, Unai. This paper examines the use the use of economic incentives for knowledge generation through biodiscovery, in the particular case of the use of a highly valuable biogenetic resource stock from the South for industrial/research input. The focus is on a dynamic approach to contracting and property rights building upon insights from institutional and ecological economics. Two important conclusions come out of this analysis. First, it highlights the necessity to go beyond standard market approaches to economic valuation in order to address the issues of future possibilities of use and innovation and the integration of the different stages in the process of value creation. Second, it shows the necessity of developing alternatives to the current intellectual... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Bioprospection; Genetic resources; Traditional knowledge; Kani model; Benefit sharing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31928 The Economics of Biodiversity Conservation in Agricultural Transition AgEcon Omer, Amani A.; Pascual, Unai; Russell, Noel P.. This paper explores the dynamic effects of biodiversity conservation on agricultural production in the context of specialised intensive farming systems that may be in transition towards more sustainable farming. The focus is on the analysis of the dynamic effects of changes in the levels of agrobiodiversity, on technical change and productivity in intensive agricultural systems. A theoretical model is used to derive hypotheses regarding these linkages that are empirically tested using a stochastic production frontier model with data from a panel of UK cereal farms for the period 1989-2000. The results suggest that the increased agrobiodiversity has positively helped to shift the production frontier outwards. This indicates that agricultural transition from... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agrobiodiversity; Intensive agriculture; Productivity; Technical change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q16; Q24. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24636 Bioprospection Beyond Intellectual Property Rights: The Kani Model of Access and Benefit Sharing AgEcon Pascual, Unai; Dedeurwaerdere, Tom; Krishna, Vijesh V.. This paper addresses the value of bioprospection for genetic resources (GR) and traditional knowledge (TK) from the South for industrial/research input. The focus is on a dynamic approach to contracting and property rights building upon insights from evolutionary institutional economics. Drawing on a unique 'access and benefit sharing' (ABS) bioprospecting contract from the Western Ghats, India, we show how the monetary value of plant genetic information from the traditional knowledge holders' perspective can be assessed using a contingent valuation modelling approach. While the study allows the identification of such values from one of the main stakeholder's (i.e, the Kani community) perspective, it also allows to point out some of the key gaps in the... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Bioprospection; Genetic resources; Traditional knowledge; Kani model; Western Ghats; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25377 The economics of agrobiodiversity conservation for food security under climate change AgEcon Pascual, Unai; Narloch, Ulf; Nordhagen, Stella; Drucker, Adam G.. Subsistence-based and natural resource-dependent societies are especially vulnerable to climate change. In such contexts, food security needs to be strengthened by investing in the adaptability of food systems. This paper looks into the role of agrobiodiversity conservation for food security in the face of climate change. It identifies agrobiodiversity as a key public good that delivers necessary services for human wellbeing. We argue that the public values provided by agrobiodiversity conservation need to be demonstrated and captured. We offer an economic perspective of this challenge and highlight ways of capturing at least a subset of the public values of agrobiodiversity to help adapt to and reduce the vulnerability of subsistence based economies to... Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Climate change; Adaptation; Agrobiodiversity; Economic incentives; Resilience; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q24; Q54. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117623 Technology, preferences and the sustainable intensification of agricultural production AgEcon Russell, Noel P.; Omer, Amani A.; Pascual, Unai. This paper addresses the relationship between agrobiodiversity conservation and sustainable agricultural intensification. A stylised theoretical model is used to explore the conditions by which both agrobiodiversity and conventional input intensification may increase through optimal adjustments of input use in biodiversity poor agroecosystems. The model shows that this result can arise in quite general circumstances where there is (1) an agricultural production technology that allows a positive relationship between ecological integrity of a given agricultural area and agricultural productivity in that area, and (2) decision maker preferences that recognise this positive relationship and generate resource allocation decisions that support it. While increase... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agrobiodiversity; Sustainable agricultural intensification; Ecosystem services; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51743 Poverty and environmental degradation under trade liberalization: searching for second-best policy options. AgEcon Pascual, Unai; Martinez-Espineira, Roberto. Forest based agricultural systems in the tropics are being opened up to international trade at an unprecedented rate. This is the case of tropical agriculture in Mexico under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which is also having significant impacts on the decentralized land use decisions of small-scale farmers and on the natural resource base on which they depend. This paper develops a bioeconomic model of a typical forest-land based farming system that is integrated with the non-farm labour sector, as typically found in tropical regions. The data used to generate the simulations were gathered in two communities of Yucatan (Mexico) in 1998-2000. Through a systemdynamics framework, the agro-ecological and farming economic subsystems are... Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Rural povery; Soil degradation; Slash-and-burn; Land-use model; Liberalization; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q12; Q23; D13; I3. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7992 Economics and Biodiversity in Intensively Managed Agro-Ecosystems AgEcon Russell, Noel P.; Pascual, Unai; Omer, Amani A.. This paper explores the dynamic effects of biodiversity conservation on agricultural production in the context of specialised intensive farming systems. The focus is on the analysis of the dynamic effects of changes in the levels of agrobiodiversity, on technical change and productivity in intensive agricultural systems. A theoretical model is used to derive hypotheses regarding these linkages that are empirically tested using a stochastic production frontier model with data from a panel of UK cereal farms for the period 1989-2000. The results suggest that the increased agrobiodiversity has positively helped to shift the production frontier outwards. This indicates that the evolution of an intensive agricultural system to less intensive use of inputs can... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agrobiodiversity; Intensive Agriculture; Productivity; Technical change; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q16; Q24. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25663 MODELLING LAND DEGRADATION IN LOW-INPUT AGRICULTURE: THE 'POPULATION PRESSURE HYPOTHESIS' REVISED AgEcon Pascual, Unai; Barbier, Edward B.. This paper provides a theoretical framework to analyse land quality and labour allocation decisions by poor rural households in the context of increased population densities in slash-and-burn (shifting cultivation) agro-ecosystems. A bio-economic optimal control model is presented and its results calibrated with data from two farming communities from Yucatan (Mexico). The ecological-economic model restates the validity of the neo-Malthusian 'Population Pressure Hypothesis' (PPH) as a major factor of land degradation. It is pointed out that 'fallow crises' may be overcome when the production elasticity of total farm labour is sufficiently high compared to the elasticity of substituion between farm labour and soil quality. Calibration of the model also... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25827 Channeling consumption preferences for co-existence of landrace and modern varieties in-situ AgEcon Krishna, Vijesh V.; Pascual, Unai; Zilberman, David. The study examines the least-cost option of conserving landraces in-situ by the development of market friction instruments. The empirical examination is comprised of two closely-related studies on eggplant production and consumption sectors of India. An examination of the cost and return structure of eggplant farming in the study area reveals that the incremental farm price of eggplant products of landrace origin eclipses the yield advantage of hybrid varieties. Possibly due to the information asymmetries and other imperfections existing in this market, the price increment currently realized by the eggplant farmers is still only a fraction of consumers’ willingness to pay for landraces. This wide margin is indicative of the unexploited potential of... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agrobiodiversity; Contingent valuation; Eggplant; Hedonic pricing; India; Labelling and certification; Landrace conservation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51748 ON- AND OFF-FARM LABOR DECISIONS BY SLASH-AND-BURN FARMERS IN YUCATAN (MEXICO) AgEcon Pascual, Unai; Barbier, Edward B.. The availability of basic assets influences peasants’ economic behavior, their livelihood diversification strategies and their responses to land degradation. In addition, when pressed by economic hardships households can also expected to work more than better off ones. Whether this implies more or less on- or off-farm labor supply is an empirical question. This in turn can have an asymmetric effect on poverty traps and the extent of forest clearing under slash-and-burn farming. This paper examines the determinants of labor allocation among forest based shifting cultivating households in two communities from Yucatan (Mexico). The effects of wage rates and structural socio-economic factors are tested for both farming household heads and other family members... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Shifting cultivation; Livelihood diversification; Off-farm labor supply; Mexico; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31926 Registros recuperados: 10 Primeira ... 1 ... Última

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