SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Martinez, Samuel Cardona; Patterson, Paul M..

Evaluations on the effectiveness of state and origin branding programs remain relatively scant and generally have not focused on specific target populations, including the fastest growing group-Hispanic consumers. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Arizona Grown brand and the nascent Mexico Selected Quality brand in differentiating and promoting food products in Hispanic markets. It was found that Hispanic consumers tend to view these food product brands as nearly identical in perceived quality. Furthermore, they are willing to pay nearly equal premiums for products branded as such. These consumers saw no value in country of origin information alone.

SUPPLIER SUBSTITUTABILITY BY IMPORTERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR ASSESSING THE 1980 U.S. GRAIN EMBARGO

Palavras-chave: Marketing.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20372

Abbott, Philip C.; Paarlberg, Philip L.; Patterson, Paul M..

The 1980 U.S. suspension of grain sales to the Soviet Union illustrates the importance of the choice of conceptual framework for empirical analysis of international trade problems. A spatial equilibrium model of wheat and coarse grains trade assumes perfect substitution among exporting nations' commodities by importers and, thus, precludes the embargo from having a large impact. The imperfect substitutability assumption of an Armington model results in larger consequences from the embargo. For small shocks, the Armington model better captures the rigidities characteristic of international grain markets. The spatial model provides insights on adjustments to large shocks, but rigidities persist in actual markets.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1988

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29260

Sales Promotion and Cooperative Retail Pricing Strategies

Supermarket retailers make strategic pricing decisions in a high-frequency, repeated game environment both in buying and selling fresh produce. In this context, there is some question as to whether a non-cooperative equilibrium can emerge that produces margins above the competitive level. Supermarket pricing results from tacitly collusive equilibria supported by trigger price strategies played in upstream markets. Upstream activities are, in turn, driven by periodic retail price promotions. We test this hypothesis using a sample of fresh produce pricing data from 20 supermarket chains in markets distributed throughout the U.S. Our results support the existence of tacitly collusive non-cooperative equilibria in upstream and downstream markets.

DYNAMIC COMPLEMENTARITY IN EXPORT PROMOTION: THE MARKET ACCESS PROGRAM IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Palavras-chave: Dynamics; Game theory; Nash equilibrium; Perishables; Supermarkets; Tacit collusion; Trigger prices.; Demand and Price Analysis.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28542

To justify public subsidies for export promotion, export markets must fail to provide incentives for exporters to recognize the benefits of spillover or long-term benefits of promotion. This paper tests for these failures in dynamic dual model for horticultural export supply. Results show significant spillovers and dynamic effects.

Firm-Level Competition in Price and Variety

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20851

NEW VARIETIES AND THE RETURNS TO COMMODITY PROMOTION: WASHINGTON FUJI APPLES

Consumer product manufacturers often compete in dynamic, multi-firm oligopolies using multiple strategic tools. While existing empirical models of strategic interaction typically consider only parts of the more general problem, this paper presents a more comprehensive alternative. Marketing decision are dynamically optimal, consistent with optimal consumer choice, and responsive to rival decisions. Using a single-market case study that consists of five years of four-weekly data on ready-to-eat cereal sales, prices, and new brand introductions, we test several hypotheses regarding the nature of strategic interaction among several rival manufacturers. We find that cereal manufacturers price and introduce new brands cooperatively in the same period, but...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Cereal; Differentiated products; Dynamics; Oligopoly; Product line rivalry; Strategic interaction; Demand and Price Analysis; D43; L13; L66; M31; Q13.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43788

The Fugi apple variety is relatively new in the U.S. As a new product, questions concern the relative impact of consumer learning by experience, by variety-specific promotion, or by generic apple promotion. Estimates show each to have a positive impact. Changes in producer surplus provide a base-scenario benefit-cost ratio of 11.98.

THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS EXPENDITURES: FOOD SAFETY AND THE STRAWBERRY CASE

Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20784

New Varieties and the Returns to Commodity Promotion: Washington Fuji Apples

Food safety has become an important issue affecting public health and grower profits. Outbreaks of foodborne illnesses are typically accompanied by press accounts of the incident and a decrease in demand. This study estimates the short- and long-run impacts of adverse and positive information delivered through print media on strawberry grower profits. Positive information may arise as apart of the promotional efforts of grower associations. It is found that adverse information reduces grower profits, but that positive information can partially offset their effects. It is suggested that grower groups could redirect funds used for promotion to food safety initiatives.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30804

The Fuji apple variety is relatively new in the U.S. As a new product, questions concern the relative impact of consumer learning by experience, by variety-specific promotion, or by generic apple promotion. A two-stage (LES/LAIDS) model incorporating both types of promotion is used to estimate the effect of generic and variety specific promotion, as well as consumer experience, on the demand for Fuji apples. Estimates show each to have a positive impact, and also show new or specialty apple varieties to be relatively price inelastic, but income elastic. Grower returns to promotion are calculated with an equilibrium displacement model of price changes and producer surplus. Changes in producer surplus provide a base-scenario benefit:cost ratio of 14.73....

NATIVE AMERICAN OBESITY: AN ECONOMIC MODEL OF THE THRIFTY GENE THEORY

Palavras-chave: Apple demand; Experience; LAIDS; New products; Producer surplus; Promotion; Varieties.; Marketing.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28541

Native American obesity and the associated health conditions are generally thought to result in part from a genetic predisposition to overeating fats and carbohydrates, called the "thrifty gene." Although coined by nutritional scientists, this study maintains the origin of the thrifty gene lies in economics. Apparently harmful overconsumption and addiction constitute economically rational behavior if the increment to current utility from adding to one's stock of "consumption capital" is greater than the present value of utility lost in the future due to ill health and the costs of withdrawal. Tests of these conditions for such "rational addiction" are conducted using two-stage household production approach. The results obtained by estimating this model...

A Bilateral Comparison of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: United States and Canada

Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36208

State and Origin Branding in Hispanic Food Markets

Many public programs promote diets rich in fruits and vegetables based on evidence of the derived health benefits. Still, produce consumption in the United States lags behind other nations, even its most culturally similar neighbor--Canada. This study uses a structural latent variable model to test the role played by quality and health information in explaining observed differences in produce consumption. The Alchian-Allen effect predicts that higher quality, higher absolute margin produce will be exported, suggesting quality may be an important demand factor in importing nations such as Canada. The results show that dietary health information is significant in expanding demands. Quality also promotes fruit consumption in Canada.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Alchian-Allen effect; Fruit and vegetable trade; Health information; Latent variable; MIMIC model; Produce quality; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31217

Patterson, Paul M.; Martinez, Samuel Cardona.

Evaluations on the effectiveness of state and origin branding programs remain relatively scant and generally have not focused on specific target populations, including Hispanic consumers, the fastest-growing group. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Arizona Grown brand and the nascent Mexico Selected Quality brand in differentiating and promoting food products in Hispanic markets. It was found that Hispanic consumers tend to view these food-product brands as nearly identical in perceived quality. Furthermore, they are willing to pay nearly equal premiums for products branded as such. These consumers saw no value in country-of-origin information alone.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27553

RETAIL CONTRACTING AND GROWER PRICES

Patterson, Paul M.; Richards, Timothy J..

Contracting directly between produce shippers and retailers is growing in importance. Retailers seek to obtain reliable supplies, while reducing their reliance on recurring market transactions. Producers seek stable prices and market access. These private transactions diminish spot market liquidity and enhance noncompetitive buying opportunities, raising concerns over the resulting impact on grower prices, whether under contract or not, and the future produce market structure. Primary data are used to test hypotheses on contract participation. Simulations on grower prices reveal that contract prices are generally lower, but less variable, than market prices, suggesting a form of risk sharing.

RESTAURANT DINER'S ATTITUDES AND RESPONSES TO A HEALTHY DINING CAMPAIGN

Palavras-chave: Marketing.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20534

Acharya, Ram N.; Patterson, Paul M.; Schmitz, Troy G.; Foerster, Susan B.; Hill, Esther; Jones, Anita; Bohm, Erica.

This study examines the impact of a healthy dining campaign on consumer's menu choices. Four restaurant chains operating in the greater San Diego area participated in the "Treat Yourself Well" (TYW) campaign. Menu entrees, which contain at least 2 servings of fruits and/or vegetables and less than 30% calories from fat or less than 20 gram of fat, were identified as healthy items and promoted. The study area was divided into experimental and control region and various promotional activities including paid advertising, public relations, networking with health providers, and in-restaurant and neighborhood promotions were conducted in experimental region. Consumer surveys were conducted in both experimental and control regions at the beginning and towards...

NEW VARIETIES AND THE RETURNS TO COMMODITY PROMOTION: THE CASE OF FUJI APPLES

Palavras-chave: Social marketing campaign; Reminder and attitude effects; Consumer food choices; Simultaneous equation model.; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19707

State-Grown Promotion Programs: Fresher, Better?

The Fuji apple variety is relatively new in the U.S. As a new product, questions concern the relative impact of consumer learning by experience, by variety-specific promotion, or by generic apple promotion. A two-stage (LES/LAIDS) model incorporating both types of promotion is used to estimate the effect of generic and variety specific promotion, as well as consumer experience, on the demand for Fuji apples. Estimates show each to have a positive impact, and also show new or speciality apple varieties to be relatively price inelastic, but income elastic. Grower returns to promotion are calculated with an equilibrium displacement model of price changes and producer surplus. Changes in producer surplus provide a base-scenario benefit: cost ratio of 6.33:1.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Marketing.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31339

OBESITY AND NUTRIENT CONSUMPTION: A RATIONAL ADDICTION?

Patterson, Paul M..

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Marketing; Q13; Q18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94433

Richards, Timothy J.; Patterson, Paul M.; Tegene, Abebayehu.

This study tests for a rational addiction to food nutrients as a potential explanation for the obesity epidemic. A random coefficients (mixed) logit model applied to household scanner data finds evidence of a strong, forward-looking addiction to carbohydrates. Consequently, price-based policies may be effective in controlling excessive nutrient intake.

Print Advertisement Characteristics and Apple Variety Attraction: A Mimic Model Approach

Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20079

Patterson, Paul M.; Richards, Timothy J..

A structural latent variable model of apple variety demand is used to analyze the effect of variety specific newspaper advertisement characteristics on variety attraction (preferences), and in turn on variety demand. The influence of advertisement size, the use of color and the Washington apple logo were analyzed. The estimated variety attraction variable is important in explaining demand. Model specifications which exclude this variable tend to understate demand elasticities. Advertisement size has a positive impact on Granny Smith, Fuji, and Gala sales. Red Delicious sales are positively influenced by color ads, but negatively affected by ads with the Washington apple logo.

DYNAMIC COMPLEMENTARITY IN EXPORT PROMOTION: THE MARKET ACCESS PROGRAM IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Palavras-chave: Apple demand; Newspaper advertisements; Structural latent variable model; Marketing.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28537

Retail Consolidation and Produce Buying Practices: A Summary of the Evidence and Potential Industry and Policy Responses

Government-supported promotion in foreign markets may justified when market failures exist, such as spillover externalities, where promotion of one commodity positively influences exports of another, or when market uncertainties cause planning horizons to be shorter than the persistent effects of promotion. A dynamic model of U.S. apple, almond, grape, and wine export supply is developed to test for these market failures. Promotion is viewed as an investment in establishing and maintaining a product's image. Evidence supporting the existence of each market failure is found. Exporters and program administrators may fail to account for them in export promotion planning.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31198

Sexton, Richard J.; Richards, Timothy J.; Patterson, Paul M..

CAUSES OF RETAIL PRICE FIXITY: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11933

Existing empirical studies do not provide a unifying explanation for retail price fixity. However, economic hysteresis, or the persistence of an economic phenomenon after its initial cause has disappeared, offers a general explanation. Estimates of an empirical model of retail-price hysteresis using store-level scanner data support our hypothesis.