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| Peigné, Joséphine; Aveline, Anne; Cannavaccuiolo, Mario; Giteau, Jean-Luc; Gautronneau, Yvan. |
| Organic farmers are encouraged to adopt conservation tillage to preserve soil quality and fertility and prevent erosion. However, many studies in different soil and climate conditions have demonstrated that the compaction of the untilled layer is higher in conservation tillage than in conventional tillage. As earthworm activity may help alleviate soil compaction in organic farming, the impact on the soil structure and earthworm population and activity was studied for 4 different tillage managements (1) mouldboard ploughing (MP), (2) shallow ploughing (SP), (3) reduced tillage (RT) and (4) no-tillage (NT), in 3 french areas. The first results are: (1) MP soil structure is better than SP, RT and NT, (2) water infiltration is higher at soil surface in SP, RT... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/9773/1/Peigne-etal-2007-SoilTillageEarthworms.pdf |
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| Peigné, Joséphine; Vian, Jean-François; Cannavaccuiolo, Mario; Aveline, Anne; Gautronneau, Yvan. |
| Conservation tillage in conventional agriculture tends to make the cropping systems more dependent on herbicides. Organic farming principles could solve this problem. However, direct drilling under a cover crop in organic farming remains difficult. We need innovative techniques, such as knife roller and adapted cover crops. Reduced tillage is possible if weeds are well controlled with mechanical tools, such as hoeing for spring crops, i.e. maize in 2005 and soybean in 2006 (site A). If though weed infestation increases during one year, it will be difficult to control it in subsequent crops in case of reduced tillage. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Soil tillage Buildings and machinery Weed management. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19496/1/Peign%C3%A9_et_al_2010_19496_conference_paper.pdf |
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| Peigné, Joséphine; Cannavaccuiolo, Mario; Gautronneau, Yvan; Aveline, Anne; Giteau, Jean-Luc; Cluzeau, Daniel. |
| To understand how earthworms could improve soil porosity in no-tillage organic farming systems, the aim of our study was to compare the effect of different tillage systems on earthworm populations, from conventional (traditional mouldboard ploughing, MP and shallow mouldboard ploughing, SMP) to conservation tillage (reduced tillage, RT, direct drilling or very superficial tillage, NT) in three organic arable systems in France (sites A–C). In a second stage, the effect of earthworm activity on soil porosity under the four tillage systems was assessed at sites A and B. Earthworm abundance, biomass and diversity were measured over a 2–3-year period at the 3 sites. During the same period, soil structure (soil profile description and soil bulk density) and open... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil biology; Soil tillage. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19498/1/earthworm.pdf |
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| Casagrande, Marion; Peigné, Joséphine. |
| One of the tasks of the TILMAN-Org project is to assess organic farmers' experiences and perceptions about reduced tillage and green manures. We carried out a survey with around 150 organic farmers that applied at least two out of the 3 following techniques: no tillage techniques, reduced tillage techniques and green manure techniques in 8 partner countries (Austria, Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and UK). The questionnaire addressed the motivations and major problems when adopting each conservation technique. We also collected data on the detailed crop management of one winter and one spring crop per farm (especially tillage and green manure management). The objectives of the data analysis are to: (i) identify farmers’... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil tillage; Soil; Environmental aspects. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/22472/7/22472.pdf |
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| Vian, Jean François; Peigné, Joséphine; Chaussod, Rémi; Roger-Estrade, Jean. |
| Tillage modifies soil structure and crop residue distribution and in turn affects the ability of soil micro-organisms to degrade soil organic matter and release nutrients for crop growth. In organic farming, soil microbiological activity is of primary importance as nutrient supply is mainly dependent on the degradation of soil organic matter by soil micro-organisms. The aim of this work was therefore to study, in organic farming, the effects of four tillage systems [mouldboard ploughing (MP), shallow mouldboard ploughing (SMP), reduced tillage (RT) and shallow soil tillage (ST)] on soil structure, soil microbial biomass (SMB) and its potential activity (Cmin) during the first year following the treatments. To study simultaneously the effects of soil... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil biology Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Soil tillage. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19497/1/Vian%2C_2009_Effects_of_four_tillage_systems_on_soil_structure_and_soil_microbial_biomass_in_organic_farming.pdf |
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| Baldivieso-Freitas, Paola; Blanco-Moreno, José M.; Gutiérrez-López, Mónica; Peigné, Joséphine; Pérez-Ferrer, Alejandro; Trigo-Aza, Dolores; Sans, Francesc Xavier. |
| Earthworms are one of the most important soil macrofaunal groups, and they play a major role in agricultural ecosystems. Agricultural practices, such as reduced tillage, the use of green manures and organic fertilization, can be beneficial for earthworm populations in agricultural systems. However, under a Mediterranean climate, not much is known regarding their response to agricultural management. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of tillage type, organic fertilization, and green manures on the density and biomass of earthworms in organic arable dryland. The trial was conducted in a four-year crop rotation with a complete factorial design that combined tillage system (mouldboard ploughing vs. chisel), fertilization (composted farmyard... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop combinations and interactions; Soil biology; Composting and manuring; Soil tillage. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/32377/1/PBaldivieso_Pedobiologia_notrackchanges.docx |
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| Fliessbach, Andreas; Hammerl, Verena; Antichi, Daniele; Barberi, Paolo; Berner, Alfred; Bufe, Cornelia; Delfosse, Philippe; Gattinger, Andreas; Grosse, Meike; Haase, Thorsten; Heß, Jürgen; Hissler, Christophe; Koal, Phillip; Kranzler, Andreas; Krauss, Maike; Mäder, Paul; Peigné, Joséphine; Pritsch, Karin; Reintam, Endla; Surböck, Andreas; Vian, Jean François; Schloter, Michael. |
| Field trials on reduced soil tillage under organic farming conditions across Europe were used to compare the soil quality changes over time. Soil organic carbon fractions, soil carbon stocks and microbial community structure were analysed. Most severe differences between plough and reduced tillage were found in the top ten cm of the soil profile. Differences became less or not significant in deeper layers. Analyses are still ongoing and will only be ready to be presented at the conference. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Crop combinations and interactions; Soil biology; Soil tillage; Air and water emissions. |
| Ano: 2014 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/24293/1/24293%20TILMAN%20Fliessbach_revised_MM.pdf |
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| Vian, Jean François; Peigné, Joséphine; Chaussod, Rémi; Roger-Estrade, Jean. |
| Soil tillage modifies environmental conditions of soil microorganisms and their ability to release nitrogen. We compare the influence of reduced tillage (RT) and mouldboard ploughing (MP) on the soil microbial functioning in organic farming. In order to connect soil structure generated by these tillage systems on the soil microbial biomass we adopt a particular sampling scheme based on the morphological characterisation of the soil structure by the description of the soil profile. This method reveals the influence of soil structure on soil microbial biomass and allows a more precise assessment of the impact of tillage managements on the soil microbial functioning. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/9775/1/Vian%2D2007%2Dtillage_systems.pdf |
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