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| Registros recuperados: 28 | |
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| Huang, Jikun; Hu, Ruifa; Rozelle, Scott; Qiao, Fangbin; Pray, Carl E.. |
| The overall goal of this study is to measure the effect of the impact that genetically modified cotton varieties have had on the production efficiency of small holders in farming communities in China. We also find that the adoption of Bt cotton varieties leads to a significant decrease in the use of pesticides. Hence, we demonstrate that Bt cotton appears to be an agricultural technology that improves both production efficiency and the environment. In terms of policies, our findings suggest that the government should investigate whether or not they should make additional investments to spread Bt to other cotton regions and to other crops. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11995 |
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| Hock, Cricket; Naseem, Anwar; Hossain, Ferdaus; Pray, Carl E.. |
| The application of modern biotechnology to plant breeding is considered to be more efficient and quicker than conventional breeding techniques in the development of new and more resilient crop varieties. To test the impact that biotechnology is having on a industrial plant breeding activities, we relate firm level Plant Variety Protection Certificate (PVPC) applications to corresponding expenditure on research and development (R&D), agricultural biotechnology patents applications, field trials of genetically modified crops, firm structure, as well as industry specific characteristics. Regression results indicate agbiotech activities are directly related to PVP applications, hence the creation of new plant varieties. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22093 |
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| Pray, Carl E.; Ramaswami, Bharat. |
| This article attempts to measure the impact of Indias limited liberalization on the seed industry and on farmers. Using a unique data set on the structure, research, and sales of private seed firms at two points in time, 1987 and 1995, we provide evidence that liberalization increased the competitiveness of the seed industry, and increased the amount of research by Indian and foreign seed firms. Then, using government district level data and data collected from these firms, we show that private hybrids increased farmers yields. This suggests that Indian farmers are the true beneficiaries of liberalization and that policies that encourage more competition and more research will provide future benefits to farmers. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34217 |
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| Pray, Carl E.. |
| This report reviews the impacts of the Asian Maize Biotechnology Network (AMBIONET), organized by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) with funding from the Asian Development Bank to strengthen the capacity of public maize research institutions in China, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam to produce high-yielding, disease resistant, stress tolerant maize cultivars. It was found that, during its lifetime (1998-2005), AMBIONET clearly benefited researchers and institutions in participating countries, as well as CIMMYT. In addition, there was good progress toward developing improved cultivars. Asian farmers are just beginning to gain from the work, but their future benefits will likely pay for AMBIONET’s relatively... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Zea mays; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Breeding methods; Research methods; Disease resistance; Yield increases; Research institutions; China; India; Indonesia; Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam; Asia; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F30; F01. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56103 |
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| Pray, Carl E.; Echeverria, Ruben G.. |
| It is widely accepted that new technology is an important source of agricultural growth. Developing countries have tried a variety of policies to accelerate the development and diffusion of new technology. These policies include: (1) government investment in agricultural research and extension, (2) tax breaks and other incentives to private companies that conduct agricultural research, and (3) incentives to transfer new technology developed outside the country. At the same time, many countries have other policies that reduce the incentive of private companies to do research or transfer technology. These include restrictions on importing technology and importing research inputs, restrictions on which companies are allowed to do research, and regulations... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1987 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50026 |
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| Huang, Jikun; Hu, Ruifa; Rozelle, Scott; Qiao, Fangbin; Pray, Carl E.. |
| Genetically modified cotton varieties have greater production efficiency for smallholders in farming communities in China. We also find that the adoption of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton varieties leads to a significant decrease in the use of pesticides. Hence, we demonstrate that Bt cotton appears to be an agricultural technology that improves both production efficiency and the environment. In terms of policies, our findings suggest that the government should investigate whether or not they should make additional investments to spread Bt to other cotton regions and to other crops. |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118621 |
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| Schimmelpfennig, David E.; Pray, Carl E.; Brennan, Margaret F.. |
| Consolidations and spin-offs in the agricultural biotechnology industry and the growing links of multinational corporations with the food and feed industry have been the subject of considerable discussion among academics, policy makers, consumers, and farmers. Most of the research by academic and overnment institutions has focused on the reasons for consolidation. Little theoretical or empirical research has examined the impact of this consolidation. We adapt an endogenous growth model of industry structure and R&D to agricultural biotechnology and empirically estimate the model. These empirical estimates, the main focus of the paper, indicate that industry consolidation influences the amount and direction of research, which then feeds back to... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21753 |
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| Pray, Carl E.; Govindasamy, Ramu; Courtmanche, Ann. |
| The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the current status of research and commercial use of genetically modified (GM) crops worldwide and to quantify the importance of various policies, particularly intellectual property rights, to the spread of biotechnology research and commercial products. Data collected for this paper show that most of the applied agricultural biotech research is conducted by the private sector of which a substantial portion is by multinational corporations. Econometric analysis of this data finds that plant breeders rights and the ability to patent plants are associated with the spread of applied biotech research. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22133 |
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| Pray, Carl E.; Naseem, Anwar. |
| This paper examines the role of patents in the development and use of two platform technologies for plant biotechnology - plant transformation techniques and structural genomics. We find that patents were important in inducing private firms to develop these platform technologies. There development led to the commercialization of more GM varieties, more rapidly than would have been the case otherwise. We did identify a number of examples of GM varieties that were slowed down by the patents on tools. However, our preliminary assessment of the evidence suggests that the benefits from patents on tools outweigh the costs. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19554 |
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| Hu, Ruifa; Huang, Jie; Pray, Carl E.; Huang, Jikun. |
| There has been considerable debate but little empirical analysis among academics, policy makers, and civil society about whether intellectual property rights would induce private research in developing countries. China passed its plant variety protection act (PVPA) in 1997 which allowed us to do some initial testing of this proposition. We used a unique data set on the seed price, area planted, morphological characteristics, and institutional sources of all the important varieties of rice in three provinces of China to estimate the impact of PVPA on seed prices and area planted to a variety. We found that protected varieties have higher prices than unprotected varieties, but that they are grown on smaller area, which means less seed is sold. Our data... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25549 |
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| Registros recuperados: 28 | |
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