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| Hochman, Gal; Rajagopal, Deepak; Zilberman, David. |
| Regulatory agencies are planning to implement policies targeted at mitigating greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)—e.g., low carbon fuel standards and carbon trading. Biofuels are viewed as a path to achieve these goals. Biofuels, however, pose challenges to regulators because their GHG emissions are site-specific (there are regional differences, as well as technical differences) and uncertain. In this article, we propose methodological improvements to existing methods that yield better estimates for biofuel GHG emissions, and reduce uncertainty. We propose to break the net emissions caused by a regulated site, such as an oil refinery, into two parts: direct and indirect emissions. Direct emissions arise both at and away from the final regulated site, but are... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53496 |
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| Hochman, Gal; Rajagopal, Deepak; Zilberman, David. |
| This paper derives a method to quantify the impact of biofuel on fuel markets, assuming that these markets are dominated by cartel of oil-rich countries, and that prices in these countries are set to maximize the sum of domestic consumer and producer surplus, leading to a wedge between domestic and international fuel prices. We model this behavior by applying the optimal export tax model (henceforth, the cartel-of-nations model) to the fuel markets. Using data from 2007 to calibrate the model, we show that the introduction of biofuels reduces global fossil fuel consumption and international fuel prices by about 1% and 2%, respectively. We identify large differences between the effects of introducing biofuels using the cartel-of-nations model, in contrast... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Energy; OPEC; Biofuel; Fuel; Carbon savings; Optimal export tax model; Cheap oil; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F1; Q4. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59170 |
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| Rajagopal, Deepak; Zilberman, David. |
| A key argument in the societal debate against polices to support biofuels is that production of these alternative fuels may in fact consume more energy than they generate and emit more greenhouse gases than they sequester (Fargione et al., 2008; Searchinger et al., 2008; Rajagopal and Zilberman, 2007; Farrell et al., 2006; Pimentel and Patzek, 2005). Metrics like net energy value, net carbon value and net petroleum offset are the basis for comparing the various fuels and are the source of these debates. The technique that underlies the calculation of these metrics is called lifecycle assessment or lifecycle analysis (LCA). A central aspect of LCA (described in detail in the next section) is it assumes linear technologies and produces outcomes that are... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49090 |
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