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Aspectos hídricos de alguns solos da Amazônia - Região do baixo rio Negro Acta Amazonica
Reichardt,Klaus; Ranzani,Guido; Freitas Jr,Elias de; Libardi,Paulo Leonel.
Resumo No presente trabalho, é feito um confronto entre os dados climatológicos, a água disponível e a condutividade hidráulica saturada de nove perfis de solos da região do baixo rio Negro, no Estado do Amazonas. Os resultados tendem sugerir a presença de uma relativamente baixa capacidade de armazenamento de água disponível nos perfis de solo estudados. Em média a condutividade hidráulica saturada é representada por 35 mm/hora, concluindo-se que chuvas com intensidade igual ou maior do que 35 mm/hora praticamente se constituirão em deflúvio que se perde por escoamento superficial.
Ano: 1980 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59671980000100043
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Chemical migration during soil water retention curve evaluation Anais da ABC (AABC)
Pires,Luiz F.; Villanueva,Felipe C.A.; Dias,Nivea M.P.; Bacchi,Osny O. Santos; Reichardt,Klaus.
Wetting and drying (W-D) cycles can induce important elemental migrations in soils. The main purpose of this work was to study the possible existence of soil chemical elemental migrations in samples submitted to repeated W-D cycles during evaluations of soil water retention curve (SWRC). The experimental measurements were carried out by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) for Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ on samples of three different Brazilian tropical soils (Geric Ferralsol, Eutric Nitosol and Rhodic Ferralsol). Results demonstrate an increase in the electrical conductivity of the water extracted from the samples and significant losses of Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ during the applications of up to nine W-D cycles. It was also observed differences in SWRC for all soils when...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Analytical methods; Soil structure; Wetting-drying cycles; Soil physics.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652011000300028
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Pore system changes of damaged Brazilian oxisols and nitosols induced by wet-dry cycles as seen in 2-D micromorphologic image analysis Anais da ABC (AABC)
Pires,Luiz F.; Reichardt,Klaus; Cooper,Miguel; Cássaro,Fabio A.M.; Dias,Nivea M.P.; Bacchi,Osny O.S..
Soil pore structure characterization using 2-D image analysis constitutes a simple method to obtain essential information related to soil porosity and pore size distribution (PSD). Such information is important to infer on soil quality, which is related to soil structure and transport processes inside the soil. Most of the time soils are submitted to wetting and drying cycles (W-D), which can cause important changes in soils with damaged structures. This report uses 2-D image analysis to evaluate possible modifications induced by W-D cycles on the structure of damaged soil samples. Samples of three tropical soils (Geric Ferralsol, GF; Eutric Nitosol, EN; and Rhodic Ferralsol, RF) were submitted to three treatments: 0WD, the control treatment in which...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Soil bulk density; Soil water content; Soil porosity; Micromorphology; Soil structure; Compaction.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652009000100016
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Riparian forest potential to retain sediment and carbon evaluated by the 137Cs fallout and carbon isotopic ratio techniques Anais da ABC (AABC)
Pires,Luiz F.; Bacchi,Osny O.S.; Correchel,Vladia; Reichardt,Klaus; Filippe,Joseline.
Riparian forests can provide an important service for aquatic ecosystems by sequestering hillslopederived sediments. However, the width of a riparian buffer zone required to filter sediments is not yet wellunderstood. Here are used two complementary tracers to measure sediment retention. The 137Cs technique and the soil carbon isotopic ratios (δ13C) are utilized to investigate sediment deposition and erosion rates on a slope transect cultivated with sugarcane followed by a secondary riparian forest zone in Iracemápolis, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The 137Cs technique and the δ13C analysis showed that the width of a riparian vegetation in accordance to a Brazilian Environmental Law (Nº4.771/65) was not sufficient in trapping sediments coming from...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Erosion; Δ13C; Sugarcane; C3 and C4 plants; Carbon.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652009000200013
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Uso da radiação gama na determinação da densidade aparente e da umidade do solo Anais da ESALQ
Reichardt,Klaus.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Ano: 1965 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0071-12761965000100017
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Nota do editor Anais da ESALQ
Reichardt,Klaus.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Ano: 1991 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0071-12761991000100001
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Estimativa de fluxos de água em solos não saturados Bragantia
Reichardt,Klaus; Bacchi,Osny Oliveira Santos; Villagra,Maria Mercedes.
Com dados obtidos em perfis de terra roxa estruturada do município de Piracicaba (SP), é mostrada a dificuldade da estimativa de fluxos de água no solo, utilizando o modelo de Darcy-Buckingham. O experimento trata do estabelecimento de balanços hídricos em 25 parcelas de 5 x 5 m, alinhadas ao longo de uma transeção de 125 m. O componente drenagem profunda do balanço hídrico é estimado mediante medidas de umidade do solo (teta, cm³/cm³), feitas com sonda de nêutrons, e de potencial total da água do solo H (cm H2O) obtidas com tensiômetros. O trabalho mostra a grande dificuldade da estimativa de fluxos de drenagem q (mm/dia), a qual está relacionada: (1) à exponencialidade da relação entre a condutividade hidráulica do solo k (mm/dia) e a umidade do solo ou...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Condutividade hidráulica do solo; Equação de Darcy.
Ano: 1993 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87051993000100010
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Temporal changes of an alfalfa succession and related soil physical properties on the Loess Plateau, China PAB
She,Dong Li; Shao,Ming An; Timm,Luis Carlos; Reichardt,Klaus.
The objective of this work was to investigate the relationship between changes in the plant community and changes in soil physical properties and water availability, during a succession from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to natural vegetation on the Loess Plateau, China. Data from a succession sere spanning 32 years were collated, and vegetative indexes were compared to changes related to soil bulk density and soil water storage. The alfalfa yield increased for approximately 7 years, then it declined and the alfalfa was replaced by a natural community dominated by Stipa bungeana that began to thrive about 10 years after alfalfa seeding. Soil bulk density increased over time, but the deterioration of the alfalfa was mainly ascribed to a severe reduction in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Medicago sativa; Agropastoral transition zone; Community characteristics; Soil physical properties; Soil water restoration.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2009000200011
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Dados climáticos simulados e produtividade potencial do milho PAB
Assis,Janilson Pinheiro de; Dourado Neto,Durval; Reichardt,Klaus; Manfron,Paulo Augusto; Martin,Thomas Newton; Bonnecarrère,Reinaldo Antônio Garcia.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar uma metodologia para estimar a produtividade potencial da cultura do milho de acordo com valores médios diários de temperatura do ar e radiação solar, utilizando procedimento estocástico. Valores registrados da temperatura média diária do ar durante 86 anos e da radiação solar global diária durante 25 anos, foram fornecidos pela Estação Agrometeorológica de Piracicaba (Esalq/USP). Valores correspondentes à produtividade potencial foram simulados 1.000 vezes, em cada data de semeadura considerada (15/10 - época normal; 15/2 - safrinha; e 15/8 - safra de inverno). Foram considerados dois casos na distribuição de probabilidade normal truncada (valores extremos: média - 1,96 desvio-padrão e média + 1,96 desvio-padrão):...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Zea mays; Modelagem; Simulação.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2006000500003
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Chemical and biological attributes of a lowland soil affected by land leveling PAB
Parfitt,José Maria Barbat; Timm,Luís Carlos; Reichardt,Klaus; Pinto,Luiz Fernando Spinelli; Pauletto,Eloy Antonio; Castilhos,Danilo Dufech.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between soil chemical and biological attributes and the magnitude of cuts and fills after the land leveling process of a lowland soil. Soil samples were collected from the 0 - 0.20 m layer, before and after leveling, on a 100 point grid established in the experimental area, to evaluate chemical attributes and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Leveling operations altered the magnitude of soil chemical and biological attributes. Values of Ca, Mg, S, cation exchange capacity, Mn, P, Zn, and soil organic matter (SOM) decreased in the soil profile, whereas Al, K, and MBC increased after leveling. Land leveling decreased in 20% SOM average content in the 0 - 0.20 m layer. The great majority of the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Flooded rice; Soil biological attributes; Soil chemical attributes; Soil management; Soil movement.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2013001100010
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Transpiração e crescimento foliar de crisântemo em função da fração de água transpirável no substrato PAB
Kelling,Cláudio Renato Schlessner; Reichardt,Klaus; Streck,Nereu Augusto; Lago,Isabel; Zanon,Alencar Junior; Rodrigues,Marcelo Antônio.
Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta da transpiração e do crescimento foliar de cultivares de crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflorum) ao conteúdo de água disponível no substrato, representado pela fração de água transpirável no substrato (FATSb). Os experimentos foram realizados em dois períodos, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro cultivares de crisântemo (Cherie White, Bronze Repin, Yoapple Valley e Calabria), em duas condições hídricas (com ou sem deficiência hídrica), com 10 repetições. As plantas foram cultivadas em casa de vegetação, em vasos de 2,8 L preenchidos com substrato. A FATSb, a transpiração e o crescimento foliar foram determinados diariamente durante o período de deficiência hídrica. As FATSb críticas...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Dendranthema grandiflorum; Área foliar; Deficiência hídrica; Fechamento estomático; Manejo da irrigação.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2015000900735
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Pedotransfer functions related to spatial variability of water retention attributes for lowland soils Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo
Nebel,Álvaro Luiz Carvalho; Timm,Luís Carlos; Cornelis,Wim; Gabriels,Donald; Reichardt,Klaus; Aquino,Leandro Sanzi; Pauletto,Eloy Antonio; Reinert,Dalvan José.
The estimation of non available soil variables through the knowledge of other related measured variables can be achieved through pedotransfer functions (PTF) mainly saving time and reducing cost. Great differences among soils, however, can yield non desirable results when applying this method. This study discusses the application of developed PTFs by several authors using a variety of soils of different characteristics, to evaluate soil water contents of two Brazilian lowland soils. Comparisons are made between PTF evaluated data and field measured data, using statistical and geostatistical tools, like mean error, root mean square error, semivariogram, cross-validation, and regression coefficient. The eight tested PTFs to evaluate gravimetric soil water...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Soil water content; Planosol; Gleisol; Hydraulic properties; Geostatistics; Regression models.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832010000300008
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Funil de haines modificado: curvas de retenção de solos próximos à saturação Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo
Cássaro,Fabio Augusto Meira; Pires,Luiz Fernando; Santos,Rosiane Antures dos; Giménez,Daniel; Reichardt,Klaus.
O movimento da água através da matriz do solo é geralmente modelado pelas equações de Darcy, Darcy-Buckingam e Richards, cujo uso está baseado no conhecimento de algumas propriedades físicas do solo, como, por exemplo, a distribuição de poros e a retenção de água pelo solo. A retenção de água pelo solo é conhecida a partir da determinação de sua curva de retenção (CR) ou curva característica. O primeiro objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um aparato simples, desenvolvido pela modificação do funil de placa porosa (funil de Haines), para a investigação e o levantamento de CRs detalhadas, em amostras de solos em condições de umidade próximas à saturação e em amostras com potenciais mátricos (ψm) que vão desde 0 kPa a aproximadamente -12 kPa (120 cm de...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report Palavras-chave: Van Genuchten; Curva de retenção; Função capacidade de água.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832008000600032
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A software to calculate soil hydraulic conductivity in internal drainage experiments (SHC, Version 2.00) Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo
Dourado Neto,Durval; Reichardt,Klaus; Silva,Adriana Lúcia da; Bacchi,Osny Oliveira Santos; Timm,Luis Carlos; Oliveira,Júlio César Martins; Nielsen,Donald R..
A software for the calculation of unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity K(theta) is presented for commonly used methods found in the literature, based on field experiments in which a soil profile is submitted to water infiltration followed by internal drainage. The software is available at: dourado@esalq.usp.br.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Internal drainage; Soil water content; Water infiltration.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832007000500037
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Fertilizer 15N balance in a coffee cropping system: a case study in Brazil Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo
Fenilli,Tatiele Anete Bergamo; Reichardt,Klaus; Favarin,José Laércio; Bacchi,Osny Oliveira Santos; Silva,Adriana Lúcia; Timm,Luis Carlos.
Knowledge about the fate of fertilizer nitrogen in agricultural systems is essential for the improvement of management practices in order to maximize nitrogen (N) recovery by the crop and reduce N losses from the system to a minimum. This study involves fertilizer management practices using the 15N isotope label applied in a single rate to determine the fertilizer-N balance in a particular soil-coffee-atmosphere system and to deepen the understanding of N plant dynamics. Five replicates consisting of plots of about 120 plants each were randomly defined within a 0.2 ha coffee plantation planted in 2001, in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Nine plants of each plot were separated in sub-plots for the 15N balance studies and treated with N rates of 280 and 350 kg ha-1...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Coffee crop; Nitrogen uptake; N dynamics; 15N tracer studies; Stable isotope.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832008000400010
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Revisiting Field Capacity (FC): variation of definition of FC and its estimation from pedotransfer functions Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo
Ottoni Filho,Theophilo Benedicto; Ottoni,Marta Vasconcelos; Oliveira,Muriel Batista de; Macedo,José Ronaldo de; Reichardt,Klaus.
Taking into account the nature of the hydrological processes involved in in situ measurement of Field Capacity (FC), this study proposes a variation of the definition of FC aiming not only at minimizing the inadequacies of its determination, but also at maintaining its original, practical meaning. Analysis of FC data for 22 Brazilian soils and additional FC data from the literature, all measured according to the proposed definition, which is based on a 48-h drainage time after infiltration by shallow ponding, indicates a weak dependency on the amount of infiltrated water, antecedent moisture level, soil morphology, and the level of the groundwater table, but a strong dependency on basic soil properties. The dependence on basic soil properties allowed...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Internal drainage; Aeration capacity; Soil water retention.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832014000600010
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Impacts of land leveling on lowland soil physical properties Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo
Parfitt,José Maria Barbat; Timm,Luís Carlos; Reichardt,Klaus; Pauletto,Eloy Antonio.
The practice of land leveling alters the soil surface to create a uniform slope to improve land conditions for the application of all agricultural practices. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impacts of land leveling through the magnitudes, variances and spatial distributions of selected soil physical properties of a lowland area in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; the relationships between the magnitude of cuts and/or fills and soil physical properties after the leveling process; and evaluation of the effect of leveling on the spatial distribution of the top of the B horizon in relation to the soil surface. In the 0-0.20 m layer, a 100-point geo-referenced grid covering two taxonomic soil classes was used in assessment of the following...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Soil management practices; Land forming; Irrigated rice crop; Soil movement; Soil properties.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832014000100032
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Method to estimate soil macroporosity and microporosity based on sand content and bulk density Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo
Stolf,Rubismar; Thurler,Álvaro de Mendonça; Bacchi,Osny Oliveira Santos; Reichardt,Klaus.
Macroporosity is often used in the determination of soil compaction. Reduced macroporosity can lead to poor drainage, low root aeration and soil degradation. The aim of this study was to develop and test different models to estimate macro and microporosity efficiently, using multiple regression. Ten soils were selected within a large range of textures: sand (Sa) 0.07-0.84; silt 0.03-0.24; clay 0.13-0.78 kg kg-1 and subjected to three compaction levels (three bulk densities, BD). Two models with similar accuracy were selected, with a mean error of about 0.02 m³ m-3 (2 %). The model y = a + b.BD + c.Sa, named model 2, was selected for its simplicity to estimate Macro (Ma), Micro (Mi) or total porosity (TP): Ma = 0.693 - 0.465 BD + 0.212 Sa; Mi = 0.337 +...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Degree of compaction; Modeling; Macropore; Texture; Maximum bulk density; Relative bulk density.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832011000200014
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Soil water extraction by roots and Kc for the coffee crop AGRIAMBI
Silva,Adriana L. da; Bruno,Isabeli P.; Reichardt,Klaus; Bacchi,Osny O. S.; Dourado-Neto,Durval; Favarin,José L.; Costa,Flávio M. P. da; Timm,Luis C..
Basic information for a rational soil-water management of the coffee crop is still insufficient, particularly under irrigated conditions. Of great importance for the estimation of water requirements of coffee crops are their root distribuition and evapotranspiration crop coefficients. This study compares soil water extraction by roots of coffee plants of the variety "Catuaí Vermelho" (IAC-44), grown in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, 3 to 5 years old, with direct measurements of root dry matter, showing a good agreement between both approaches, and confirming that most of the root system is distributed in the top soil layer (0-0.3 m) and that less than 10% of the root system reaches depths greater than 1.0 m. Calculated evapotranspiration crop coefficients are in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Perenial crop; Soil water storage; Water balance.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662009000300006
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Water balance of a sugarcane crop: quantitative and qualitative aspects of its measurement AGRIAMBI
Timm,Luis C.; Oliveira,Julio C. M. de; Tominaga,Tania T.; Cássaro,Fabio A. M.; Reichardt,Klaus; Bacchi,Osny O. S..
The quantification of soil water balance components was conducted in a sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) field differently managed, as well as a qualitative analysis of the methodologies used for their estimation. The study was conducted in randomized block experiment with four replicates and three treatments: bare soil, mulched soil using trash left on the soil surface after harvest, and soil with burnt trash. The soil was classified as a Rhodic Kandiudalf, locally called 'Terra Roxa Estruturada', the experimental area having a slope of 7.4%. Run-off, soil water fluxes at the lower soil volume limit, and soil water storage changes were not affected by the different soil management practices. Furthermore, it was found that the evaluation of run-off and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Water balance; Soil physical properties; Soil management.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-43662002000100011
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