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| Registros recuperados: 90 | |
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| Hauer, Grant; Runge, C. Ford. |
| Recent empirical work suggests an inverted U-shaped relationship between pollution and national income (the environmental Kuznet's curve). This work has typically ignored the fact that pollutants are dispersed to varying degrees. This study shows how varying levels of spatial pollution dispersion (or "publicness") can affect pollution-income relationships. A public goods model captures the idea of the "global commons" with two pollutants. The model suggests that no refutable hypotheses are possible without restrictions on income and substitution effects. With such restrictions, emission levels are lower for countries that have high pollution spillovers and larger proportions of pollution emitted within their borders. The model motivates the use of a... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14423 |
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| Runge, C. Ford. |
| This study has attempted to respond to four key questions surrounding the debate over NAFTA and its impact on Minnesota. The first question concerns its employment impacts: Will NAFTA cost jobs in Minnesota? The answer appears to be no. The magnitude of employment impacts from NAFTA is small but positive. Many of the gains will be in Minnesota agriculture with some widely distributed benefits in manufacturing and no effect on services employment. If the effect of NAFTA is to lead Mexico into a period of higher sustained growth, the dynamic process of income generation that results could boost demand for trade with Minnesota to levels higher than predicted, with accompanying increases in employment. But taking the most conservative predictions,... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1993 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14433 |
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| Erdman, Laurie; Runge, C. Ford. |
| The United States (U.S.) government recently finished its five year ritual of farm legislation. In general, the 1990 Farm Bill, or the Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of 1990, extends most of the program features of its predecessor, the Food Security Act of 1985 (FSA). The recent bill continues a 57 year old tradition represented by loan rates, target prices, deficiency payments, base acres and yields, quotas, production controls, marketing loans, and other devices which support prices and income in return for retiring acres. However, the bill introduces several features that move it incrementally in the direction of "decoupling", and continues the trend set in 1985 of adding new environmental restrictions on farm practices. The recently... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 1990 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12256 |
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| Runge, C. Ford. |
| President-elect Obama has proposed major spending to revitalize America’s infrastructure. But how? First, where we have gone and where we are is the result of an historical co-evolution of public transportation infrastructure and private economic investment. Where we need to go is toward more efficient modes of transport that economize on fuel and energy use and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. But how we get there is bounded to a significant degree by this past and present: what economists call “path-dependency.” Second, the historical evolution of public infrastructure has been important to the U.S. economy not simply because it supplemented private sector investments, but because the public investments raised private rates of return over... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46519 |
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| White, Thomas A.; Runge, C. Ford. |
| The paper is divided into four sections. First, watershed management in Haiti is presented as a problem of voluntary collective action in which small watersheds are the common responsibility of a group of users. Second, this situation is given formal expression as a "public goods" problem, in which obligations to contribute time and labor to the maintenance and management of watersheds are treated as conditional or contingent commitments to cooperate (rather than defect). Third, an empirical analysis is presented in which key economic and cultural factors are tested to determine those that best explain the individual propensity to cooperate and the conditions necessary for collective action to emerge. Fourth, we interpret these results in light... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 1992 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14377 |
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| Runge, C. Ford. |
| This paper traces the evolution of the debate over a GEO, and analyzes its problems and opportunities in the world trading system. It first considers the genesis of proposals for a GEO, and provides a short historical account. Second, it offers one view of what a GEO might entail. The next two sections offer a brief summary of some of the main arguments for and against such a body. The fifth section discusses issues of implementation, and the relationship between a GEO and existing institutions with environmental or trade responsibilities, such as UNEP and the WTO. It also considers whether a GEO should be built up incrementally, or whether a 'grand stroke' would be more effective in establishing it. The sixth section takes up three related issues: the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14448 |
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| Runge, C. Ford. |
| Agriculture has been at the center of conflicts over world trade from the beginning in 1986 of the eighth, Uruguay Round, of multilateral trade negotiations. Yet it is only in the final phases of the Round that linkages from trade to the environment have come to the fore. In this paper, the specific linkages from trade to the environment in the agricultural sector are developed. The impacts of trade flows and policies on environmental quality in agriculture have features which make them unusually difficult to resolve. In many respects, the same domestic agricultural policies at the root of trade distortions also encourage environmental damages. Hence, reforming these domestic and trade policies would be a partial, though not a complete, step in the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1992 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14449 |
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| Registros recuperados: 90 | |
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