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Registros recuperados: 8
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Evidence for increasing concentration in plant breeding industries in the United States and the European Union AgEcon
Nolan, Elizabeth; Santos, Paulo.
There is evidence of an increase in market concentration and in the importance of private plant breeding in the seed industry following the widespread adoption of Intellectual Property Rights regimes for the industry in the developed world. We use data from the US Patent and Trademark Office, US Plant Variety Protection Office and various European Plant Variety Protection databases to estimate the extent of these changes in the seed corn industry.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Intellectual Property Rights; R&D; Market concentration; Germplasm.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48060
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Informal Insurance in the Presence of Poverty Traps: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia AgEcon
Santos, Paulo; Barrett, Christopher B..
Fieldwork for this paper was conducted under the Pastoral Risk Management (PARIMA) project of the Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program (GL CRSP), funded by the Office of Agriculture and Food Security, Global Bureau, USAID, under grant number DAN-1328-G-00-0046-00, and analysis was underwritten by the USAID SAGA cooperative agreement, grant number HFM-A-00-01-00132-00. Financial support was also provided by the Social Science Research Council's Program in Applied Economics on Risk and Development (through a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation), The Pew Charitable Trusts (through the Christian Scholars Program of the University of Notre Dame), the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), and the Graduate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Risk; Informal insurance; Social networks; Poverty traps; Ethiopia; Risk and Uncertainty; Z13; I3; O13.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25487
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Livestock Banks and Food Security in Laos AgEcon
Begg, Michael; Santos, Paulo.
The literature analysing the impacts of livestock banks is limited to a small number of papers, mostly of a qualitative nature. This paper contributes to the knowledge on the impacts of this type of intervention on short- term household food security through the analysis of original data form 112 households that participated in a pig bank in Laos. Taking advantage of the staggered implementation of the program, we use propensity score matching the show that receiving pigs reduces household rice production by approximately 34 percent in the first harvest after participation commenced. However, the effects are differentiated across initial wealth status of the beneficiary: if the household was classified as being poor before the start of the program,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Laos; Livestock banks; Rice production; Propensity score matching; International Development.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58883
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What Does Liberalization without Price Competition Achieve? The Case of Cocoa in Ghana. AgEcon
Vigneri, Marcella; Santos, Paulo.
The deregulation of Ghana’s domestic cocoa supply chain that took place in the early 1990s was expected to bring competition among different private buyers and to generate a number of production incentives to the farmers. Most notably, it was expected that competition would emerge by means of price bonuses and/or premiums over the guaranteed price. However, this paper finds that price based competition mechanisms did not develop in the resulting domestic cocoa value chain. Rather, the now increasing numbers of Licensed Buying Companies compete for cocoa supplies based on the provision of different services to farmers. The availability of a number of outlets offers farmers the option to choose among those that can provide cash as well as credit. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Credit constraints; Market liberalization; Cocoa; Ghana; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51660
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Risk premiums and GM traits AgEcon
Nolan, Elizabeth; Santos, Paulo.
An argument in favor of the development of genetically modified (GM) hybrids is that their presence is considered to be risk decreasing. On this basis, insurance premiums for corn growers in the United States who plant approved hybrids have been reduced. In this study we investigate, using a large dataset of experimental data compiled from reports of results from experimental field trials of corn hybrids by the State Agricultural Extension Services of ten universities over 20 years, whether the presence in a corn hybrid of a GM trait, or a combination of these traits, is likely to increase or decrease risk. The effects of input use on production uncertainty can be quantified through the specification and estimation of heteroskedastic production functions...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Production functions; Yield; Risk; Skewness; Corn; Genetically modified traits; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; C2; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103692
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Measuring the Contribution of Genetic Characteristics as an Indicator of Innovation: The Case of Corn in the USA, 1990-2009 AgEcon
Nolan, Elizabeth; Santos, Paulo.
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) regimes for plant breeding are generally justified on the basis that they encourage innovation. Introduction of IPR regimes for plant varieties in the United States has led to increased concentration, but it is less clear whether IPRs have promoted useful innovation, as measured by productivity of available corn hybrids. There are difficulties in finding a satisfactory measure of innovation in plant breeding, and in this paper we propose a procedure. Results from the annual corn hybrid trials conducted by 11 US universities over the 20 years from 1990 to 2009, at 365 separate locations in the 11 states, have been collated. This set of unbalanced panel data for grain corn hybrid trials has been used in a fixed effects...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Hybrid seed corn; GM traits; Varietal change; Fixed effects; Random effects; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; O34.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61333
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INTEREST AND IDENTITY IN NETWORK FORMATION AgEcon
Santos, Paulo; Barrett, Christopher B..
In this paper, we use an unusually rich data set from Ghana to explore the endogenous formation of information network linkages among farmers. We propose and test a new measure of social distance that accommodates possible asymmetries in social distance. Using this improved measure, we show that social distance plays a major role in shaping network structure, but that other factors related to the inherent costs and benefits of linkage matter significantly as well. Network interlinkages appear relatively modest. We are also able to corroborate the sociological "“strength of weak ties”" hypothesis.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19920
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Looking beyond the plot: The nutritional impact of fertilizer policy AgEcon
Ward, Marissa; Santos, Paulo.
This paper evaluates one indirect impact of fertilizer policy, the nutritional gains due to increased food production. We look specifically at the case of Malawi’s Targeted Input Program and show that benefitting from the program during its entire duration could have led to gains substantial gains in human capital.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Targeted Input Program; Height-for-age z-score; Fertilizer subsidies; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61358
Registros recuperados: 8
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