|
|
|
|
|
| Schmitz, Simon. |
| Research efforts towards new energy sources and towards the efficiency of energy use will be vital to reducing CO2 abatement costs in the long term. Can such efforts be induced by price instruments? Economists often cite induced technological change as a possible consequence of environmental market-based policies. Unfortunately, however, there is not much empirical evidence about the policy-induced development of environmentally friendly technology. I use patent data from 1976 to 1997 for the US, Japan and the major European countries in order to estimate the effect of energy prices on energy-efficient innovations. A further supply factor with presumably positive influence in the model is an OECD measure of government R&D expenditures in different... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26224 |
| |
|
|
| Michaelowa, Axel; Schmitz, Simon. |
| The "first track" of Joint Implementation under the Kyoto Protocol gives host and investor countries total freedom in choosing a baseline for a project reducing or sequestering greenhouse gases. This is due to the fact that an overly generous granting of emission credits leads to a corresponding reduction of the host country's emission budget. Standardised, multi-project baselines can reduce transaction costs, especially in relatively homogeneous sectors such as electricity production or landfill methane collection. Host countries need capacity to calculate such baselines which currently does not exist. "Boundary organisations" can bridge the gap between technical analysis and strategic considerations. Interviews with government officials and other... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Joint Implementation; Baselines; Institutions; Host countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26173 |
| |
|
|
|
