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| Hagner, Marleena; Penttinen, Olli-Pekka; Pasanen, Tiina; Tiilikkala, Kari; Setälä, Heikki. |
| Birch tar oil (BTO) is a by-product of processing birch wood in a pyrolysis system. Accumulating evidence suggests the suitability of BTO as a biocide or repellent in terrestrial environments for the control of weeds, insects, molluscs and rodents. Once applied as biocide, BTO may end up, either through run-off or leaching, in aquatic systems and may have adverse effects on non-target organisms. As very little is known about the toxicity of BTO to aquatic organisms, the present study investigated acute toxicity (LC50/EC50) of BTO for eight aquatic organisms. Bioassays with the Asellus aquaticus (crustacean), Lumbriculus variegatus (oligochaeta worm), Daphnia magna (crustacean), Lymnea sp. (mollusc), Lemna minor (vascular plant), Danio rerio (fish),... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental aspects. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/16886/1/hagner1.pdf |
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| Hagner, Marleena; Pasanen, Tiina; Lindqvist, Bengt; Lindqvist, Isa; Tiilikkala, Kari; Penttinen, Olli-Pekka; Setälä, Heikki. |
| The use of birch tar oil (BTO) is a new innovation in plant and animal protection working against various weeds, harmful insects and rodents. Due to its novelty as a biocide/repellent/plant protection product, no comprehensive information on the effects of BTO on non-target soil organisms is available. In this study we examined the impact of BTO on non-target soil organisms (enchytraeids, nematodes and soil microbes) and plants using laboratory toxicity tests and field experiments. In addition, we determined the LC50 value of BTO to the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa and the EC50 value of BTO to the offspring production of the collembolan Folsomia candida. The effects of BTO on soil fauna were mostly insignificant. BTO seemed to be detrimental to the... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/16885/1/hagner.pdf |
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| de Vries, Franciska T.; Liiri, M.E.; Bjørnlund, Lisa; Bowker, M.A.; Christensen, Soren; Setälä, Heikki; Bardgett, Richard. |
| Soils deliver several ecosystem services including carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling, which are of central importance to climate mitigation and sustainable food production. Soil biota play an important role in carbon and nitrogen cycling, and, although the effects of land use on soil food webs are well documented, the consequences for their resistance and resilience to climate change are not known. We compared the resistance and resilience to drought — which is predicted to increase under climate change 2,7 — of soil food webs of two common land-use systems: intensively managed wheat with a bacterial-based soil food web and extensively managed grassland with a fungal-based soil food web. We found that the fungal-based food web, and the processes of... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil biology. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/20882/1/20882.pdf |
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| Birkhofer, Klaus; Bezemer, TM; Bloem, J; Bonkowski , M; Christensen, S.; Dubois, David; Ekelund , F; Fließbach, Andreas; Gunst, Lucie; Hedlund , K; Mäder, Paul; Mikola , J; Robin , C; Setälä, Heikki; Tatin-Froux , F; Van der Putten , WH; Scheu, Stefan. |
| Organic farming may contribute substantially to future agricultural production worldwide by improving soil quality and pest control, thereby reducing environmental impacts of conventional farming. We investigated in a comprehensive way soil chemical, as well as below and aboveground biological parameters of two organic and two conventional wheat farming systems that primarily differed in fertilization and weed management strategies. Contrast analyses identified management related differences between “herbicide-free” bioorganic (BIOORG) and biodynamic (BIODYN) systems and conventional systems with (CONFYM) or without manure (CONMIN) and herbicide application within a long-term agricultural experiment (DOK trial, Switzerland). Soil carbon content was... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/26205/1/Birkhofer_etal_2008_soil.pdf |
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| Lindqvist, Isa; Lindqvist, Bengt; Tiilikkala, Kari; Hagner, Marleena; Penttinen, Olli-Pekka; Pasanen, Tiina; Setälä, Heikki. |
| Populations of two molluscs, the land snail Arianta arbustorum and the Iberian slug Arion lusitanicus, have increased substantially in many places in the northern Fennoscandia in recent years. This has resulted in considerable aesthetic and economic damage to plants in home gardens and commercial nurseries. Birch tar oil (BTO), is a new biological plant protection product, and was tested against these molluscs. In this study we examined whether 2 types of BTO, used either alone, mixed together, or mixed with Vaseline®, could be applied as 1) a biological plant protection product for the control of land snails by direct topical spray application, 2) as a repellent against snails when painted on a Perspex® fence, and 3) as a repellent against slugs when... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/16887/1/lindqvist.pdf |
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