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| Registros recuperados: 34 | |
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| Nguyen, Nga; Shortle, James S.. |
| The implications of transactions costs for the performance of water pollution trading involving point and nonpoint sources are examined. The analysis focuses on the impacts of transaction costs on different classes of trading partners and its consequence on the trading equilibrium. The model of point-nonpoint water pollution trading in the context of the total maximum daily loads explicitly incorporates transactions costs for both buying and selling exchanges of nonpoint source and point source permits. Transactions costs unarguably reduce the optimal level of trades in both types of permits compared to the costless trade case. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21096 |
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| Findeis, Jill L.; Shortle, James S.; Kibler, Virginia. |
| A spatial equilibrium model is used to quantify the effects of a severance tax on the Pennsylvania coal market. Two regions are identified: the Pennsylvania Market Area and an import/export region. The impacts on prices and quantities of coal supplied and demanded are found to be small. Little of the tax is exported from Pennsylvania, with a high proportion of the tax being passed back to Pennsylvania coal producers. Although the tax revenue exceeds the welfare losses in Pennsylvania, this result is very sensitive to the magnitude of the Pennsylvania own-price demand elasticity. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Public Economics. |
| Ano: 1988 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29072 |
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| Shortle, James S.. |
| This paper examines the possible use of information on the relative marginal costs of point and nonpoint source water pollution abatement to assess the efficiency implications of shifting a greater portion of the burden for water quality protection to nonpoint sources. The inherent uncertainty about the effects of changes in resource allocation for nonpoint pollution abatement on nonpoint pollution loads is recognized in the analysis. This uncertainty is shown to result in significant limitations on the use of marginal cost comparisons even when point and nonpoint pollutants are perfect substitutes. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 1987 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28897 |
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| Ribaudo, Marc; Ghosh, Gaurav S.; Shortle, James S.. |
| The Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are promoting point/nonpoint trading as a way of reducing the costs of meeting water quality goals while giving nonpoint sources a larger role in meeting those goals. Farms can create offsets or credits in a point/nonpoint trading program by implementing management practices such as conservation tillage, nutrient management, and buffer strips. To be eligible to sell credits, farmers must first comply with baseline requirements. The EPA defines a baseline as the pollutant control requirements that apply to a seller in the absence of trading. EPA guidance recommends that the baseline for nonpoint sources be management practices that are consistent with the water quality goal. A... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Nonpoint pollution; Emissions trading; Management practices; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49258 |
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| Sung, Hwansoo; Shortle, James S.. |
| There is considerable interest in watershed-based water quality protection. However, the approach can be highly information intensive, necessitating decisions about the types and amounts of data used to guide decisions. This study examines the Bayesian value of different types and amounts of sample information for reducing nutrient pollution in the Conestoga watershed of Pennsylvania, focusing on nitrogen from agricultural sources. Uncertainty is modeled from the perspective of a social planner seeking to maximize the economic efficiency of water quality control. A nested Monte Carlo procedure combined with an Evolutionary Optimization Strategy with Covariance Matrix Adaptation is used to compute resource allocation that optimizes the expected net benefit... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Water quality management; Value of sample information; Monte Carlo simulation; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21296 |
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| McSweeny, William T.; Shortle, James S.. |
| Conceptual weaknesses in the use of costs of average abatement as a measure of the cost effectiveness of agricultural nonpoint pollution control are examined. A probabilistic alternative is developed. The focus is on methods for evaluating whole-farm pollution control plans rather than individual practices. As a consequence, the analysis is presented in a chance-constrained activity analysis framework because activity procedures are a practical and well developed device for screening farm planes. Reliability of control is shown to be as important as reduction targets in designing farm plans for pollution control. Furthermore, broad-axe prescriptions of technology in the form of Best Management Practices may perform poorly with respect to cost effectiveness. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 1990 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29907 |
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| Ranjan, Ram; Shortle, James S.; Marshall, Elizabeth P.. |
| A number of studies in the past have come up in order to explain and verify the observation made by Grossman and Kruger that that there may exist an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental pollution and income. While some studies have found this relationship to hold true for certain pollutants, other studies have rejected this hypothesis based upon empirical observations of certain other pollutants. Further, most of these results have been derived from cross-sectional observation of such patterns across countries and therefore have given rise to further sckepticism. Though a number of empirical estimates of this relationship exist in the literature, there have been very few attempts to explain a theoretical basis for such a pattern.... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22147 |
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| Ribaudo, Marc; Shortle, James S.. |
| The failure to allow for significant crop quality effects in a partial-equilibrium model can lead to misleading inferences about the price, output and welfare implications of air quality improvements. It has been observed that air pollutants such as ozone, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide affect the yield and quality of many crops. The economic benefit from improving air quality in crop producing regions has been measured using a partial-equilibrium approach which accounts only for supply shifting yield effects. It is shown that a yield-effect only model will underestimate output increases and benefits from an air quality improvement when commodity quality improvements as well as yield increases are forthcoming. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 1986 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28877 |
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| Horan, Richard D.; Shortle, James S.; Abler, David G.. |
| Agricultural agencies have long offered agri-environmental payments that are inadequate to achieve water quality goals, and many state water quality agencies are considering point-nonpoint trading to achieve the needed pollution reductions. This analysis considers both targeted and nontargeted agrienvironmental payment schemes, along with a trading program which is not spatially targeted. The degree of improved performance among these policies is found to depend on whether the programs are coordinated or not, whether double-dipping (i.e., when farmers are paid twice-once by each program-to undertake particular pollution control actions) is allowed, and whether the agri-environmental payments are targeted. Under coordination, efficiency gains only occur... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31374 |
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| Registros recuperados: 34 | |
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