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| Registros recuperados: 15 | |
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| Somwaru, Agapi; Skully, David W.. |
| This study examines the potential magnitude and distribution of the costs and benefits of allowing developing countries to establish Special Safeguards (SSGs) for staple agricultural commodities. An inter-temporal general equilibrium model used to simulate the static and dynamic effects of SSGs. Our results indicate that developing countries in aggregate lose welfare when SSGs are imposed for staple food and for all agricultural commodities as opposed to agricultural trade liberalization without SSGs. However, the distribution of gains and losses among developing countries is not uniform. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19533 |
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| Skully, David W.. |
| The 1996 Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture was a step toward free trade. The Agreement lifts bans and quotas on imports, but allows their conversion into tariff-rate quotas (TRQs), which function like quotas. At present, many of the 1,300 TRQs increased market access to imports, but some have preserved pre-Agreement levels of protection. The World Trade Organization's intent as to the administration of TRQs is open to interpretation. This report analyzes seven administrative methods in light of the principle of nondiscrimination. We conclude that auctions are the best way to administer a TRQ. First-come, first-served and license-on-demand methods present a moderate risk of biased trade. State trading organizations and producer groups that directly... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Tariff-rate quotas; Quantitative restrictions; Trade barriers; Tariffs; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33576 |
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| de Gorter, Harry; Abbott, Philip C.; Barichello, Richard R.; Boughner, Devry S.; Bureau, Jean-Christophe; Choi, Jung-Sup; Coleman, Jonathan R.; Herrmann, Roland; Kramb, Marc Christopher; Sheldon, Ian M.; Liapis, Peter S.; MacLaren, Donald; Moennich, Christina; Morse, B. Adair; Skully, David W.; Sumner, Daniel A.; Tangermann, Stefan. |
| Contents: The Economics of Tariff Rate Quotas and the Effects of Trade Liberalization; TRQs and GATT Rules; An Overview of Tariffs, Quotas and Imports Worldwide; TRQs in the European Union; U.S. TRQs for Sugar, Tobacco and Peanuts; Dairy TRQs in the United States; Tariff Rate Quota Implementation and Administration by Developing Countries; Management of Tariff Rate Quotas in Korea and Japan; Tariff Rate Quota Administration in Canadian Agriculture; The Case of Australia and New Zealand Facing TRQs; The 1999 WTO Panel Report on the EU's Common Market Organization for Bananas; Assessment |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14617 |
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| Skully, David W.. |
| U.S. peanut, sugar, and tobacco tariff rate quotas (TRQs) are allocated to suppliers on an historical market share basis. Once allocated they become difficult to redistribute to accommodate changes in comparative advantage among suppliers. The distribution of trade departs increasingly from the tariff-equivalent distribution advocated by the WTO principle of nondiscrimination. Article XIII of the GATT regarding the rules for historical allocation is examined and applied to four cases of historical allocation: domestic tobacco quota and TRQs for peanuts, sugar and tobacco. The difference between the law enforcement objective of the WTO and the Pareto optimization objective assumed by economists is stressed throughout. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31328 |
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| Young, C. Edwin; Skully, David W.; Westcott, Paul C.; Hoffman, Linwood A.. |
| The 2002 Farm Act provided farmland owners the opportunity to update commodity program base acres and payment yields used for calculating selected program benefits. Findings in this report suggest that farmland owners responded to economic incentives in these decisions, selecting those options for designating base acres that resulted in the greatest expected flow of program payments. Decisions of farmland owners in South Dakota, in upland cotton area, and in the Heartland region support the payment-maximization argument. In general, landowners favored maximizing payments over aligning base acres to current or recent plantings. Farmland owners with high-payment base acres, such as rice and cotton, held on to these base acres and, whenever possible, expanded... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Base; 2002 Farm Act; Direct payments; Counter-cyclical payments; Production flexibility contract payments; Base acres; Program yields; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33594 |
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| Diao, Xinshen; Elbehri, Aziz; Gehlhar, Mark J.; Gibson, Paul R.; Leetmaa, Susan E.; Mitchell, Lorraine; Nelson, Frederick J.; Nimon, R. Wesley; Normile, Mary Anne; Roe, Terry L.; Shapouri, Shahla; Skully, David W.; Smith, Mark; Somwaru, Agapi; Trueblood, Michael A.; Tsigas, Marinos E.; Wainio, John; Whitley, Daniel B.; Young, C. Edwin. |
| Agricultural trade barriers and producer subsidies inflict real costs, both on the countries that use these policies and on their trade partners. Trade barriers lower demand for trade partners' products, domestic subsidies can induce an oversupply of agricultural products which depresses world prices, and export subsidies create increased competition for producers in other countries. Eliminating global agricultural policy distortions would result in an annual world welfare gain of $56 billion. High protection for agricultural commodities in the form of tariffs continues to be the major factor restricting world trade. In 2000, World Trade Organization (WTO) members continued global negotiations on agricultural policy reform. To help policymakers and others... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34015 |
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| Haley, Stephen L.; Skully, David W.. |
| This research analyzes the criteria set from which policymakers have selected import markets to target EEP wheat bonuses. Results presented herein indicate that the administration of EEP has favored no specific criterion -- rather, the emphasis placed on various criteria has fluctuated over time. Although putting pressure on the EU was a much repeated justification for the program, expanding U.s. wheat exports and pressuring the Canadians guided targeting allocations as much as, if not more than, pressuring the EU. This research also develops a method for predicting which wheat import markets are likely to be important in the future, based on an identification of specific policy objectives. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Export enhancement program; Wheat; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1995 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51216 |
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| Westcott, Paul C.; Skully, David W.; Young, C. Edwin; Hoffman, Linwood A.. |
| The 2002 Farm Act allowed farm owners to update base acres for direct payments (DPs) and counter-cyclical payments (CCPs) and to update yields for counter-cyclical payments. A minority, about 40 percent, of the 1.9 million enrolled farms choose to update their base acres using 1998-2001 plantings; of these updating farms about three-fourths updated their payment yield for CCPs. Producers with rice and cotton base had a strong economic incentive to maximize base acres for those crops, either by retaining previous base acres if they had shifted to production of alternative crops or by increasing base if they had expanded rice or cotton plantings. Research findings support the hypothesis that base designation reflects payment maximization criteria. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Farm Management. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20197 |
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| Registros recuperados: 15 | |
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