SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Was bestimmt das individuelle Wanderungsverhalten? Herkömmliche migrationsökonomische Theorieansätze greifen oft zu kurz und überschätzen deshalb die grenzüberschreitenden Wanderungsbewegungen bei weitem. Dieses Diskussionspapier stellt die bisherige Optik auf den Kopf und sucht nach Faktoren, die erklären können, weshalb die meisten Menschen international immobil bleiben. Bleiben ist in den meisten Fällen eine mikroökonomisch rationale Entscheidung, selbst wenn makroökonomisch gewaltige Differenzen in den durchschnittlichen Verdienst- oder Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten bestehen. Der von Fischer/Holm/Malmberg/Straubhaar (2000) vorgeschlagene Insider-Ansatz zur Erklärung von Immobilität vermag zu erklären, weshalb als individuelle Entscheidung eine grenz- und...

Why Do We Need a General Agreement on Movements of People (GAMP)?

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26289

This paper argues that global games need global rules. Times of globalisation call for an international framework to regulate efficiently international movements of people. More than ever before, migration is a global phenomenon. This paper discusses the economic necessity of a shift from national migration policies to an international regime. My suggestions go into the direction of a GAMP - a General Agreement on Movements of People. This labour market analogy to the GATT (WTO) and GATS is intended to provide an international regime for the movement of people across national borders. It proceeds from the conviction that in general the free international movement of people - like the free movement of goods and capital - is beneficial to all parties...

New Migration Needs a NEMP (A New European Migration Policy)

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26332

In almost all European countries there is a wide and growing gap between the goals of national immigration policy and its actual outcomes. The main reason for the failure of national migration policies is the loss of effective competence to control today's migration flows on a national level. Once national governments had closed the front door of legal immigration more or less strictly, most of the entries to fortress Europe occurred through the side door (asylum seekers, refugees, family reunion) or through the back door (illegal immigrants). As a result, there is an increasing need for a common European migration policy. This paper outlines the framework of a NEMP - a New European Migration Policy. NEMP is a first step from national ad hoc regulations...

International Mobility of the Highly Skilled: Brain Gain, Brain Drain or Brain Exchange

Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Political Economy.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26171

Divergence - Is it Geography?

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26296

Straubhaar, Thomas; Suhrcke, Marc; Urban, Dieter.

This paper tests a geography and growth model using regional data for Europe, the US, and Japan. We set up a standard geography and growth model with a poverty trap and derive a log-linearized growth equation that corresponds directly to a threshold regression technique in econometrics. In particular, we test whether regions with high population density (centers) grow faster and have a permanently higher per capita income than regions with low population density (peripheries). We find geography driven divergence for US states and European regions after 1980. Population density is superior in explaining divergence compared to initial income which the most important official EU eligibility criterium for regional aid is built on. Divergence is stronger on...

Ost-West-Migrations-Potential: Wie Gross Ist Es?

Palavras-chave: Threshold estimation; New economic geography; Regional income; Growth; Poverty trap; Regime shifts; Bootstrap; International Development; O41; R11; F12.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26350

Wie viele Menschen aus den mittel- und osteuropäischen Ländern (MOEL) werden von dem mit dem EU-Beitritt verbundenen Recht auf Freizügigkeit Gebrauch machen und nach Westen in die "alten" EU-Länder wandern? Die vorgestellten Simulationen ergeben eine Bandbreite für das Ost-West-Migrationspotential in der Grössenordnung von brutto jährlich 0,2% bis 0,4% der mittel- und osteuropäischen Bevölkerung, die bei einer Nettobetrachtung (unter Einbezug der Rückwanderungen) auf rund 0,1% der Bevölkerung schmilzt. Hochgerechnet auf eine erste EU-Erweiterungswelle, ergibt sich für die MOEL-8 (Slowenien, Tschechien, Ungarn, Slowakei, Polen, Estland, Litauen, Lettland) ein Ost-West-Migrations-potential, das in 15 Jahren brutto etwa 3%-4% und netto etwa die Hälfte,...

Why do People Stay? Insider Advantages and Immobility

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26334

Fischer, Peter A.; Holm, Einar; Malmberg, Gunnar; Straubhaar, Thomas.

The low mobility of people in Europe is considered a problem for adjustment to asymmetric shocks and regional convergence in the European Monetary Union. We suggest a complement to the traditional migration theories, the insider advantages approach to explain why most Europeans prefer to stay. Staying immobile they have accumulated work- and leisure-oriented insider advantages that are location-specific and would be lost in the case of emigration. Therefore, the longer people have stayed - and the more insider advantages they have accumulated -, the less likely they are to move. Using a new micro dataset covering all people resident in Sweden in 1994 and their mobility experience since 1985, we find a strong positive duration dependence of the probability...