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| Registros recuperados: 65 | |
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| Swinton, Scott M.; Asuming-Brempong, Samuel; van Ee, Gary R.. |
| Changing orchard sprayer technology and rising pesticide costs to fruit growers raise the need to analyze the profitability of alternative sprayer investments. This study analyzes investments in four orchard sprayers for use in Michigan apple production: an air blast sprayer, a tower boom sprayer, a tower boom sprayer equipped with electronic sensors that activate spray nozzles when foliage is detected, and an air curtain sprayer that targets spray with a layer of forced air. Assuming equal pest control efficacy, the study calculates the annualized net present cost per acre of owning and operating each sprayer for ten years using a baseline discount rate of 10 percent over 200 acres of semi-dwarf apple trees. The analysis found the annualized net... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11492 |
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| Swinton, Scott M.; Jones, Kezelee Q.. |
| A conceptual model is developed to measure the value of information from in-field soil sensing technologies as compared with grid and other soil sampling methods. Soil sensing offers greater spatial accuracy and the potential to apply inputs such as nitrogen fertilizer immediately, avoiding changes in nutrient status that occur with delays between soil sampling and fertilizer application. By contrast, soil sampling offers greater measurement accuracy, because it does not rely on proxy variables such as electrical conductivity to infer nutrient status. The average profitability and relative riskiness of soil sensing versus sampling depend upon 1) the trade-off between, on the one hand, the spatial and temporal accuracy of sensing and, on the other hand,... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Farm Management. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11674 |
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| Swinton, Scott M.. |
| The debate over sustainable intensification has hinged on private incentives to abate land degradation. Largely missing is the role of social capital in both creating incentives and removing barriers to soil conservation. Yet soil conservation embodies the externality problem that bedevils so many aspects of natural resource management. Action by one farmer to reduce water or wind erosion may benefit neighboring fields by slowing the rate of water or wind movement across those lands. Yet these benefits are not fully captured by the farmer making the conservation investment. However, when economic agents care for one another, these externalities can be internalized, reducing the individual's disincentive to perform a socially level of natural resource... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21853 |
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| Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Swinton, Scott M.. |
| Food-for-work (FFW) projects face the challenge of addressing three kinds of objectives: to feed hungry people, to build public works where needed, and to be feasible for prompt project implementation. In the debate over how to target FFW to the poorest of the poor, the last two program objectives are often overlooked. This research examines FFW afforestation and erosion-control programs in central Tigray, Ethiopia, during 1992-95 in order to examine how these sometimes conflicting objectives were reconciled. The study decomposes the factors determining a household's FFW participation into three decision stages. First, at the regional level, project planners choose where to locate a FFW resource conservation project. Second, at the village level, a... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11708 |
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| Swinton, Scott M.; Quiroz, Roberto. |
| The most severe challenges to sustainable development occur where many poor people struggle to eke out a living from marginal lands. In some cases, high human populations on fragile lands have led agricultural productivity to deteriorate (García-Barrios and García-Barrios, 1990, Mink, 1993, Zimmerer, 1993), but likewise intensification in some locales has led to sustainable productivity increases (Boserup, 1965, Tiffen, et al., 1994). These mixed results beg closer inquiry, in order to understand how contrary outcomes can come about. For the context of Peru's chilly high plain surrounding Lake Titicaca, this paper examines changes in the stock of natural capital in agricultural soils, how that came about, and what policy tools might contribute to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11693 |
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| Roberts, Wayne S.; Swinton, Scott M.. |
| A long term whole farm analysis comparing conventional and low-input farming systems is reviewed. A computational error led to the mistaken conclusion that conventional farming with government programs is less preferred by risk-averse farmers than the low input alternative. The greater income variance of conventional agriculture need not make it less preferred provided a higher mean income sufficiently offsets the higher variance. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 1995 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31466 |
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| Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Swinton, Scott M.. |
| Land degradation in sub-Saharan Africa reduces the land's potential productivity through soil erosion, nutrient depletion, soil moisture stress, deforestation and overgrazing. Efforts to reverse land degradation require an understanding of why it takes place and what factors govern farmers' willingness to invest in land conservation. These factors differ importantly between private and public lands. This study synthesizes results from analyses of the technological and institutional factors determining the adoption of natural resource conservation at both the household and the community levels in the northern Ethiopian region of Tigray. Using 1995-96 data from 250 Tigray farm household interviews, it first examines private land management, focusing on 1)... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11680 |
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| Swinton, Scott M.; Quiroz, Roberto. |
| Links between poverty and natural resource degradation are examined in the context of soil erosion, fertility loss and overgrazing in the Peruvian Altiplano. Multiple regression analysis of 1999 farm survey data examines 1) what agricultural practices affect natural resource degradation, and then 2) what factors affect farmers' choices of those agricultural practices. Soil erosion and fertility loss appear reduced by increased fallow in crop rotations. Overgrazing and range species loss are affected by changes in herd size and rotational grazing. The effect of investment poverty on natural resource outcomes is not clear. However, social and human capital variables both tend to favor the choice of more sustainable agricultural practices. Natural... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11627 |
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| Swinton, Scott M.; Labarta, Ricardo A.. |
| This document is a primer in statistics for applied economists using the SPSS statistical software. It is intended for use with a one-week training workshop designed to acquaint research professionals with basic statistical procedures for analyzing socio-economic survey data. The document introduces users to database creation and manipulation, exploratory univariate and bivariate statistics, hypothesis testing, and linear and logit regression. The text is supported with 19 text boxes that illustrate how procedures can be applied to a farm survey dataset. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11747 |
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| Zhang, Wei; Swinton, Scott M.. |
| The control of pests by their natural enemies represents an important ecosystem service that maintains the stability of agroecosystems and has the potential to mitigate pest control costs both to private producers and to society. Extending the "economic threshold" concept, this paper proposes an "ecological economic threshold" for pesticide use that takes into account the implicit cost of injury to natural enemies. By explicitly accounting for natural pest suppression, the ecological economic threshold can potentially make pest management more cost-effective while reducing dependence on toxic insecticides. The threshold is illustrated via an intra-seasonal dynamic bioeconomic model of soybean aphid management in Michigan, USA. A dynamic programming... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21295 |
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| Swinton, Scott M.; Black, J. Roy. |
| The authors present an overview of agricultural systems models. Beginning with why systems are modeled and for what purposes, the paper examines types of agricultural systems and associated model types. The broad categories range from pictorial (iconic) models to descriptive analogue models to symbolic (usually mathematical) models. The uses of optimization versus non-optimizing mechanistic models are reviewed, as are the scale and aggregation challenges associated with scaling up from the plant cell to the landscape or from a farm enterprise to a world market supply-demand equilibrium Recent modeling developments include the integration of formerly stand-alone biophysical simulation models, increasingly with a unifying spatial database and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Farm Management. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11581 |
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| Okello, Julius Juma; Swinton, Scott M.. |
| This paper examines the effects of compliance with developed country pesticide standards (DC-PS) on pesticide-related health costs and morbidity of developing country fresh vegetable growers. DC-PS require that farmers i) only use approved pesticides (usually less toxic to humans than ones used before), ii) apply pesticides only when pest scouting reveals the need to do so, and iii) handle, use, store and dispose off pesticides in ways that do not pose health threats to farm workers and farm family members. This paper uses survey regression to estimate a model of health costs of pesticide exposure (based on cost of illness approach) and survey poisson regression to estimate a model for use of protective devices. It finds that compliance with DC-PS reduces... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25508 |
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| Egbendewe-Mondzozo, Aklesso; Swinton, Scott M.; Izaurralde, R. Cesar; Manowitz, David H.; Zhang, Xuesong. |
| This paper introduces a spatial bioeconomic model for study of potential cellulosic biomass supply at regional scale. By modeling the profitability of alternative crop production practices, it captures the opportunity cost of replacing current crops by cellulosic biomass crops. The model draws upon biophysical crop input-output coefficients, price and cost data, and spatial transportation costs in the context of profit maximization theory. Yields are simulated using temperature, precipitation and soil quality data with various commercial crops and potential new cellulosic biomass crops. Three types of alternative crop management scenarios are simulated by varying crop rotation, fertilization and tillage. The cost of transporting biomass to a specific... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Biomass production; Bioenergy supply; Biofuel policy; Bioenergy; Cellulosic ethanol; Agro-ecosystem economics; Ecosystem services economics; Agro-environmental trade-off analysis; Mathematical programming; EPIC; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q15; Q57; Q18. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98277 |
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| Registros recuperados: 65 | |
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