SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

NON-TARIFF TRADE BARRIERS IN AGRICULTURE

This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 2010-2020 time period using the Global Wheat Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological change. Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to remain relatively healthy for the next ten years. World demand for both common and durum wheat are expected to remain strong. The price levels in 2010 and early 2011 will not be maintained because they are the result of a small wheat crop in the Former Soviet Union (FSU). It is expected that wheat production in the FSU will return to normal in the future. World trade volumes of both classes of wheat are expected to...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Common wheat; Durum wheat; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115558

Mattson, Jeremy W.; Koo, Won W.; Taylor, Richard D..

As trade agreements lower tariff rates throughout the world, other barriers to trade emerge. These non-tariff barriers can be just as troublesome for exporting companies. Non-tariff barriers include technical measures, customs rules and procedures, transport regulations or costs, lack of knowledge of regional markets, and import policies. The objective of this study is to identify non-tariff barriers faced by U.S., and more specifically North Dakota, exporting businesses, especially those involved in agriculture, and to identify difficulties involved in exporting products. A survey of North Dakota businesses is conducted to identify important trade barriers. Phytosanitary regulations and railroad problems are two frustrating issues that create...

2002 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD WHEAT INDUSTRIES, 2001-2011

Palavras-chave: Non-tariff barriers; Trade; Survey; North Dakota exporters; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23501

Koo, Won W.; Taylor, Richard D..

This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 2002-2012 period by using the Global Wheat Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological change. Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to improve for the next ten years. World demands for both common and durum wheat are expected to grow faster than world production of the two wheat classes, resulting in gradual increases in prices of the wheat varieties, which are predicted to increase 15.3% for durum wheat and 17.3% for common wheat for the 2002-2012 period. World trade volumes of both classes of wheat are expected to expand, but trade volume of durum...

The Projected Impact of Farm Program Spending Caps on North Dakota Representative Farms

Palavras-chave: Common wheat; Durum wheat; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23514

Duncan, Marvin R.; Koo, Won W.; Taylor, Richard D.; Aakre, Dwight G..

Tipo: Technical Report

Palavras-chave: Farm Management.

Ano: 1995

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121051

FUNDAMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING WORLD GRAIN TRADE IN THE NEXT TWO DECADES

Wilson, William W.; Koo, Won W.; Taylor, Richard D.; Dahl, Bruce L..

Replaced with corrected version of paper 04/04/08.

2010 Outlook of the U.S. and World Wheat Industries, 2009-2019

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23516

PROFIT CONSISTENCY AND MANAGEMENT CHARACTERISTICS FOR SUCCESSFUL NORTH DAKOTA FARMS, 1995-2000

This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 2009-2019 time period using the Global Wheat Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological change. Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to remain relatively healthy for the next ten years. World demand for both common and durum wheat are expected to remain strong. The price levels in 2007, 2008 and 2009 might not be maintained in 2010 and the future because increased wheat and corn production in 2008 and 2009 and reduced demand for corn for ethanol production which pressures all commodity prices. World trade volumes of both classes of wheat are expected...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Common wheat; Durum wheat; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91843

Taylor, Richard D.; Koo, Won W.; Swenson, Andrew L..

Farm profitability varies widely among producers, but the reasons for those differences are not clear as it is generally not known if the same farms are in the higher profit categories every year. Characteristics of the individual producer also vary substantially. Farm size, crop yields, cost of production, debt structure, and land ownership are some of the traits which differ among farms. This study analyzed farm finance data from the North Dakota Farm and Ranch Business Management Program over the years 1996-2000 to determine if the characteristics of profitable farms were different from the characteristics of farms which were not as profitable. A secondary objective was to evaluate if farms remained in similar profit quartiles every year.

UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN AGRICULTURAL HERBICIDE COSTS: IMPACTS ON NORTH DAKOTA FARMERS

Palavras-chave: North Dakota Farm and Ranch Business Management Program; Farm characteristics; Return on assets; Costs; Land ownership; Debt structure; Farm Management.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23607

Pesticides have become a major farm production cost over the past 25 years. There are price and label differences for agricultural herbicides between the United States and Canada. Trade names are different in some cases, label restrictions vary, and weights and measures are different. The reasons for the price differences are unclear. Whether they are due to increased costs in labeling requirements, different levels of competition and use, or market segmentation is not determined. The largest total impact of using lower priced Canadian herbicide is on HRSW, followed by durum and corn. The largest per acre impact is for canola, corn, and HRSW. Herbicides with the largest total impact are Puma, followed by Roundup and Fargo. Net farm income for large,...

OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF A U.S./CANADIAN WHEAT POOL: A GAME THEORY ANALYSIS

Palavras-chave: Agricultural Herbicide Costs; Trade armonization; North Dakota Representative Farm; Land Value; Pesticides; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23634

Nganje, William E.; Koo, Won W.; Park, Joon J.; Taylor, Richard D..

The problem of declining wheat prices and excess supply has been the subject of recent economic studies partly because it coincides with the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act of 1996, and partly because efforts to decrease supply domestically have led to increased imports from Canada. This paper develops a game theory optimization model of market efficiency and derives conditions under which voluntary pooling is sustained for U.S./Canadian durum and hard red spring wheat producers. Analysis reveals that U.S. and Canadian farmers can increase farm returns with efficiency gains from pooling and by internalizing benefits from grain blending and logistics. The model is used to analyze diverse factors affecting the sustainability of such...

Changes in Agricultural Input Costs and Their Impact on Net Farm Income

Palavras-chave: Voluntary pooling; Game theory; Efficiency gains; Durum and HRS wheat marketing; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23661

2005 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS, 2004-2013

The recent rapid increase in commodity prices is not an unique event. It has happened several times in the past. Commodity prices have always dropped, returning to a more normal level. Production costs, on the other hand, follow commodity prices up but do not follow them down. Net farm income has increased rapidly in most commodity sectors of agriculture. However, production costs have increased substantially during the past few years. Those cost increases will reduce net farm incomes in the future if commodity prices do not continue to increase.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Net farm income; Production costs; Gross income; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46888

Koo, Won W.; Taylor, Richard D..

This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 2004-2013 using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to improve slightly over the next nine years after the current over-supply is reduced. World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, resulting in Caribbean sugar prices gradually increasing from 8.40 cents/lb in 2004 to 8.70 cents/lb in 2013. The U.S. wholesale price of sugar is projected to decrease from 26.15 cents/lb in 2004 to 24.89 cents/lb in 2013, if the United States maintains its sugar programs....

SHORTFALLS IN 1997 NET FARM INCOME IN NORTH DAKOTA (Prepared for Senators Byron Dorgan and Kent Conrad)

Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23646

Koo, Won W.; Taylor, Richard D.; Swenson, Andrew L.; Johnson, D. Demcey; Flaskerud, George K..

North Dakota net farm income declined in 1997 due to adverse weather conditions and low prices. The total income loss in 1997 was estimated to be $394 million, which was divided into $290 million due to weather and diseases, and $104 million due to lower-than-average prices. Net farm income losses were largest in Region 3 (Northeast), followed by Regions 1 (Northwest) and 6 (East Central). HRS wheat accounted for the largest income loss, followed by durum and barley.

Optimizing Ethanol Production in North Dakota

Palavras-chave: Net farm income; Crop losses; Weather conditions; North Dakota input output model; Agricultural Finance.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23140

Economic Impact of a Targeted Marketing Loan Program on North Dakota

A spatial equilibrium model based on a non-linear mathematical programming algorithm was developed to determine the optimal number, location, and size of cellulose ethanol plants for North Dakota. The objective function of the model is to minimize processing cost of biomass for ethanol and the transportation cost of shipping biomass to processing plants and ethanol to blending facilities. A heuristic approach, combined with a spatial equilibrium model, was used to determine the optimal number, location and size of biomass processing plants.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Cellulosic ethanol; Biomass; Mathematical programming; Heuristic; Production costs; Agribusiness.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91841

Saxowsky, David M.; Koo, Won W.; Taylor, Richard D..

Tipo: Technical Report

Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Marketing.

Ano: 1996

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120981

2005 NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK: REPRESENTATIVE FARMS, 2005-2014

Swenson, Andrew L.; Koo, Won W.; Taylor, Richard D..

Net farm income for all representative farms in 2014 is projected to be lower than in 2004. Low-profit farms, which comprise 25% of the farms in the study, may not have financial resiliency to survive without off-farm income. Costs are projected to increase faster than yields, which will pressure net farm income downward. Cropland prices and cash rental rates are projected to increase slightly in all regions. Debt-to-asset ratios for most farms will decrease slightly throughout the forecast period. Debt-to-asset ratios for the low-profit and small-size farms are higher than those for large and high-profit farms.

WELFARE IMPLICATIONS OF INTRODUCING BIOTECH TRAITS IN A MARKET WITH SEGMENTS AND SEGREGATION COSTS: THE CASE OF ROUNDUP READY® WHEAT--SUMMARY

Palavras-chave: Net farm income; Debt-to-asset ratios; Cropland prices; Land rental rates; Farm operating expenses; Capitalization rate; Farm Management.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23527

Wilson, William W.; DeVuyst, Eric A.; Koo, Won W.; Taylor, Richard D.; Dahl, Bruce L..

Roundup Ready® Wheat (RRW) was one of the first genetically modified (GM) traits for the wheat sector and was under review by regulatory agencies in the United States and Canada when Monsanto withdrew it from further consideration. There are a multitude of issues associated with the ex ante evaluation of this decision. These include market acceptance and segregation, as well as the varying sources of cost savings and productivity gains. In this article, we develop a spatial partial equilibrium model of the higher-protein hard wheat market and assess the changes in the distribution of welfare associated with release and adoption of RRW. It incorporates segments for GM aversion in each market and segregation costs for each segment. Major conclusions...

POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF GM WHEAT ON UNITED STATES AND NORTHERN PLAINS WHEAT TRADE

Palavras-chave: Genetically modified grains; Welfare analysis; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23611

Taylor, Richard D.; DeVuyst, Eric A.; Koo, Won W..

The potential introduction of genetically modified (GM) wheat has both supporters and opponents waging battle in the popular press and scholarly research. Supporters highlight the benefits to producers, while the opponents highlight the unknown safety factors for consumers. The topic is very important to the United States, as a large portion of the wheat production is exported overseas. Consumer groups in some countries are resisting GM wheat. This study utilizes a spatial equilibrium model to evaluate the trade impacts associated with GM wheat introduction along with several assumed post-GM adoption scenarios. Wheat is converted into protein equivalents to allow for substitution between wheat classes. The importance of the U.S....

Pricing and Marketing Practices for North Dakota Durum and HRS Wheat: 1991 Crop Year

Palavras-chave: Genetically modified wheat; Spatial equilibrium model; Trade flows; Protein equivalents; Externalities; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23546

Scherping, Daniel J.; Taylor, Richard D.; Wilson, William W..

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.

Ano: 1992

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51190

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FARM BILL, THE SENATE AGRICULTURE COMMITTEE FARM BILL PROPOSAL, AND THE AGRICULTURAL CONSERVATION RURAL ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 2001

This study analyzes three farm bill proposals that could replace the Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act: The U.S. House of Representatives Bill H.R. 2646, the Senate Agriculture Committee Proposal, and the Agricultural Conservation Rural Enhancement (ACRE) Act. All proposals try to incorporate the additional emergency federal funding that agriculture received in 1998 through 2001 into legislative language. All proposals provide substantially higher net farm income than the continuation of the FAIR Act. The ACRE Act provides higher net farm income than either the House Bill or the Senate Proposal, however net farm income under the House Bill is higher than under the Senate Proposal given the Food and Agricultural Policy Research...

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF THE CATTLE FEEDING INDUSTRY IN THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND WESTERN LAKES STATES

Palavras-chave: Farm Bill; North Dakota Representative Farms; H.R. 2646; Senate Agriculture Committee Proposal; ACRE Act; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23584

Duncan, Marvin R.; Taylor, Richard D.; Saxowsky, David M.; Koo, Won W..

The five-state study area of the Northern Plains and Western Lakes States, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, has adequate feed supplies and feeder cattle to markedly increase cattle feeding. Feed costs in these states have historically been lower than in the Southern Plains States. However, higher transportation costs appear to offset that advantage. Close access to slaughter plants in these states could offset that transportation disadvantage. Backgrounding of cattle appears to be quite profitable and cattle feeding, especially in larger sized feedlots, can be profitable. However, the cattle feeding industry has an increasing level of excess capacity. To be successful, new feedlots in the Northern Plains and Western...