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| Registros recuperados: 22 | |
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| Balcombe, Kelvin George; Bailey, Alastair; Morrison, Jamie; Rapsomanikis, George; Thirtle, Colin G.. |
| This paper examines biased technical change in South African agriculture using a system of share equations with unobserved components. Developing on the work of Lambert and Shonkwiler (1995), this paper generalises previous work by introducing independent unobserved components into each model using a regression-based approach. We find evidence of stochastic technical change, which is itself biased between the four factors of production: machinery, land, labour and fertiliser, and which closely reflects distinct phases of South African agricultural policy and development. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54211 |
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| Thirtle, Colin G.. |
| In the past four decades, productivity in United States field crops has been transformed by the mechanical and fertilizer revolutions. Since input data are typically not available by crop, most investigators of productivity have been at the aggregate level. This paper developps a simultaneous equation, partial adjustment model of the demand of inputs, which generates estimates of the technical change parameters for wheat, corn, soybeans, and cotton. These estimates allow comparisons of the factor saving biases in technical change, leading to a novel test of the induced innovation hypothesis and the suggestion that the productivity slowdown may yet affect agriculture in the United States. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1985 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29969 |
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| Thirtle, Colin G.; Piesse, Jenifer; Gouse, Marnus. |
| This paper begins by arguing that agricultural economics has an important contribution to make to the economic transition of the new democratic South Africa. Policies are required to reduce unemployment, poverty and inequality, but does the work of agricultural economists provide the policy makers with the information necessary to make the correct choices? In this context, we update our recent work on technology, efficiency and productivity in South African agriculture, for both the commercial and smallholder sub-sectors. For the commercial sector, this means extending the total factor productivity index and estimates of the demand for labour. For the smallholder sector, there are new results on the impacts of GM cotton and white maize on output and... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31719 |
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| Conradie, Beatrice; Cookson, Graham; Thirtle, Colin G.. |
| This paper uses a stochastic frontier and inefficiency model to test the efficiency of grape production in the Western Cape. The data covers two panels of wine grape farms (34 in Robertson and 36 in Worcester) for 2003 and 2004 and 37 table grape farms in De Doorns for 2004 only. Tests show that Cobb Douglas stochastic production frontiers, with variables to explain the inefficiencies are an appropriate representation of the five individual samples. The stochastic frontier results indicate that output can be explained by land, labour and machinery and that efficiency cab be affected by labour quality, age and education of the farmer, location, the percentage of non-bearing vines and expenditures on electricity for irrigation. These data is sufficiently... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; O13; Q12. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25522 |
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| Mkhabela, Thulasizwe S.; Piesse, Jenifer; Thirtle, Colin G.; Vink, Nick. |
| This paper models dairy farms in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, emphasising the complexities unique to this multi-product industry. Net and gross output approaches to measuring production are discussed and then tested using panel data from 37 dairy farms in KwaZulu-Natal from 1999 and 2007. Production functions for the three outputs: milk production, animals and farm-produced feed, are fitted as a simultaneous system to model the farms’ production activities. This simultaneous model is complemented by a single equation reduced form that is fitted as a frontier, which allows estimation of the relative efficiencies of the individual farms. The results show that, with data this detailed, it is possible to refine the model until it fits very tightly. Indeed, in... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Dairy farms; Production; Frontiers; Efficiency; Production Economics. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61999 |
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| Muchena, M.; Piesse, Jenifer; Thirtle, Colin G.; Townsend, Rob F.. |
| This study is based on two 1991 sample surveys, each of ninety farms, in the predominantly arable region of Chiweshe and in the low rainfall area of Gokwe, where animals are more important. The two samples are reasonably representative of the range of conditions found in the communal areas in Zimbabwe. Programming techniques are used to determine the efficiency levels of the farms in each region. The results show that efficiency is positively related to the numbers of both cows and oxen, with only a few farms in Gokwe possibly having too many animals. Farms in Gokwe are on average about two thirds as efficient as those in Chiweshe, which is a measure of the effects of the poorer climate and soils. Non-farm income is also lower, due to lesser opportunities... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54978 |
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| van Zyl, Johan; Thirtle, Colin G.. |
| Some comments are required to put in perspective the results obtained by Ngwenya, Battese and Fleming (1997). In particular, it is necessary to examine their main conclusion that in 1988/89 there was a significant inverse relationship between the technical inefficiency of wheat farmers in the Eastern Free State and farm size, because this is in direct contrast with the findings of Van Zyl, Binswanger and Thirtle (1995) who used the same dataset. |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56717 |
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| Townsend, Rob F.; Thirtle, Colin G.. |
| The paper presents an empirical investigation of the production response of small scale producers of maize and cotton for communal agriculture in Zimbabwe. The error correction model, which employs the concept of cointegration to avoid spurious regressions, is used in the analysis. The factors affecting maize output were the price of maize relative to seed, the number of marketing depots established in the communal areas and the number of loans provided to these farmers. The factors affecting cotton output were the increase in communal lands due to the resettlement program, the number of loans extended to small scale farmers and the price of cotton relative to seed. The weather played the most significant role in determining the quantity of maize sold. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54441 |
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| Hadley, David; Shankar, Bhavani; Thirtle, Colin G.; Coelli, Tim J.. |
| This paper fits a translog stochastic production frontier with inefficiency effects to a panel of 693 UK dairy farms for the period from 1982 to 1997. The Cobb Douglas is rejected as inadequate relative to the less restrictive translog functional form and the frontier model is statistically superior to the mean response function, despite the fact that on average the farms were 87% efficient. Technological progress, at 1.7% per annum, is the dominant force, but efficiency declined at 0.8% per year, which reduced productivity growth to 0.9% per annum. The inefficiencies are explained in the second stage of the model, where the greatest cause is financial exposure, captured here by the ratio of debts to assets. Older farmers, those in less favoured areas and... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20656 |
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| Thirtle, Colin G.; Srinivasan, Chittur S.; Heisey, Paul W.. |
| Intellectual property protection, globalization, and pressure on public budgets in many industrialized countries have shifted the balance of plant breeding activity from the public to the private sector. Several economic factors influence the relative shares of public versus private sector plant breeding activity, with varying results over time, over country, and over crop. The private sector, for example, dominates corn breeding throughout the industrialized world, but public and private activities in wheat breeding differ widely in Western Europe, different regions of the United States, Canada, and Australia. Public sector involvement in plant breeding may have benefits to society that the private sector's activities may not, fostering greater sharing of... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Plant breeding; Economics; Public sector; Private sector; Research policy; Biotechnology; Intellectual property; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33775 |
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| Gouse, Marnus; Piesse, Jenifer; Thirtle, Colin G.. |
| The only commercial genetically modified (GM) subsistence food crop is white maize in South Africa, which was released in 2001/2. This paper reports on the performance of insect resistant (Bt) white maize grown by smallholders in Hlabisa, KwaZulu Natal, where the other development is minimum tillage. The results show that, contrary to many inflated claims, in the dry 2003/4 season, there was no significant difference between the yield per kg of seed for Bt and conventional maize, due to very low stalk borer infestation levels. Farmers who planted Bt maize in 2003/2004 were thus worse off as they paid more for seed and obtained no benefit. This is measured using efficiency scores from a stochastic frontier analysis. These results conflict with the yield per... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; Q16. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25309 |
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| Nyariki, D.M.; Thirtle, Colin G.. |
| This paper uses non-parametric approach to measure technical innovation and productivity growth at the smallholder farm-level in dry-land sub-Saharan Africa during the initial years of the structural adjustment programmes for agriculture. Data from Kenya for two production years, 1991/2 and 1995/6 are used to construct a Malmquist productivity index. The results show that the rise in input prices led to reduced use of modern inputs, so that efficiency increased at 12% per year. However, lower use of modern varieties and less fertiliser also gave technological regression at 2.5% per annum, so that the overall outcome was productivity growth of 3% per annum. However, productivity improvement cannot be sustainable without technological progress. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54220 |
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| Conradie, Beatrice; Piesse, Jenifer; Thirtle, Colin G.. |
| This paper examines the appropriate level of aggregation for the construction of total factor productivity (TFP) indices. The dataset covers the magisterial districts and statistical regions of the Western Cape for the years 1952 to 2002. Over these five decades agricultural production in the Western Cape grew twice as fast as in the country as a whole but this average masks substantial regional variation. Results show that TFP growth was negative in the Karoo, moderate in the Swartland, Overberg and Southern Cape, and generally above 2% per year in the Boland and Breede River Valleys, where there is extensive irrigation. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Total factor productivity; Western Cape; South Africa; Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49162 |
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| Townsend, Rob F.; van Zyl, Johan; Thirtle, Colin G.. |
| This paper focuses on assessing the benefits of research expenditures on maize production in South Africa. Both the production and supply function approaches are used to calculate elasticities of research expenditure on output and yield. Cointegration is used to establish long-run relationships between variables in these models. The lag structure of R&D expenditures on output is examined making use of the unrestricted, polynomial, beta and gamma distributions. The coefficients of these lag distributions were then used to calculate a rate of return to maize research expenditure, which was estimated as being between 28% and 39% per annum. These rates of return are high, mitigating in favour of more research expenditure rather than less. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54718 |
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| Thirtle, Colin G.; Lusigi, Angela; Piesse, Jenifer; Suhariyanto, Kecuk. |
| This paper calculates multi-lateral Malmquist multi-factor productivity (MFP) indices for agriculture in the eighteen regions and the commercial sector of Botswana from 1981 to 1996. The Malmquist is appropriate because prices do really exist for major inputs such as land and labour. The small size of the cross section is overcome by using the sequential version of the Malmquist, which accumulates the annual data, so increasing the stability of the frontier. The regional MFPs are the natural peer group for producing a national MFP, so the problem of choosing peers, in earlier work on international comparisons does not arise. The results show that the national MFP grew at an average rate 1.57% per annum. However, disaggregation by enterprise shows that the... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54228 |
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| Registros recuperados: 22 | |
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