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| Karugia, Joseph Thuo; Wanjiku, Julliet; Gbegbelegbe, Sika; Nzuma, Jonathan M.; Massawe, Stella; Macharia, Eric; Freeman, H. Ade; Waithaka, Michael M.; Kaitibie, Simeon; Gulan, Ayele. |
| The East African Customs Union was established in 2005 with the aim of increasing intraregional trade. The Customs Union protocol commits member states to eliminate non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to intraregional trade. However, several NTBs are still applied by member states. This study identifies the existing NTBs on maize and beef trade and quantifies their impact on trade and welfare of EAC citizens using a Spatial Equilibrium Model (SEM). Data on NTBs were collected from traders and transporters of maize and beef cattle in East Africa. Roadblock checks, bribes and custom rules and procedures were identified as the main NTBs to trade. The SEM model shows that a 50% reduction of the cost of NTBs, or their complete elimination would improve social welfare in... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Beef; Maize; Non-tariff barriers; Trade; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51672 |
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| Waithaka, Michael M.; Minde, Isaac J.. |
| Over the years, substantial investments in agricultural research have been made in sub-Saharan Africa. The few studies on research investments show impressive returns that are comparable to those achieved in developed countries. However, problems such as recurrent hunger, poverty, food insecurity and natural resource degradation continue to plague the region. Agricultural development arena is changing rapidly toward non-linear innovation systems of complex actor networks and multiple sources of innovations characterized by dynamic and iterative learning processes that constantly inform, renew and advance the state of the systems. Most actors and institutions are not linked effectively often from imaginary boundaries created by prescribed mandates and... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9529 |
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| Minde, Isaac J.; Waithaka, Michael M.. |
| Cereal grains are important staple foods in Africa but yields are still too low at 1.5 tons per ha for maize while compared with a global average of 4.5 tons per ha. This can be partly attributed to limited development of commercial seed markets, low use of improved seeds, small and highly fragmented seed markets. Many released varieties are not widely disseminated due to closed national markets dominated by a few international companies and parastatals, and restrictive laws, regulations and policies. Transactions costs within and across national boundaries are high because of differing arrangements across countries. Establishment of common regulatory structures is expected to reduce transactions costs and promote increased trade and hence use of improved... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Seeds; Harmonization; Public-private partnerships; Eastern Africa; Crop Production/Industries; Q18; Q19. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25703 |
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| Staal, Steven J.; Romney, D.; Baltenweck, Isabelle; Waithaka, Michael M.; Muriuki, H.; Njoroge, L.. |
| Although soil fertility is recognized as a primary constraint to agricultural production in developing countries, use of fertilizer in Sub-Saharan Africa is declining. Smallholder farmers still rely heavily on livestock manure for soil fertility management. To explore the determinants of soil fertility management practices, including both the use of cattle manure and inorganic fertilizer, data are used from a sample of 3,330 geo-referenced farm households across Central and Western Kenya. A bivariate probit model is applied to jointly examine the use of the two technologies. Particular attention is given to measures of location related to market access and agroclimate, which in the adoption literature have typically been addressed using crude proxies.... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Spatial analysis; Soil fertility; Market access; Technology adoption.; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q16. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25903 |
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