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Registros recuperados: 24
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EFRC Bulletin 76 January 2005. With technical Updates from the Organic Advisory Service Organic Eprints
Woodward, Lawrence; Wolfe, Martin; Hinchsliffe, Kay; O'Brien, Josie.
The regular report from Elm Farm Research Centre - the Organic Research Centre in the UK - covering its own research and information and that of other relevant issues
Tipo: Other Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Food systems.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://orgprints.org/4614/1/4614.pdf
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Evolutionary plant breeding for low input systems Organic Eprints
Phillips, Scott; Wolfe, Martin.
Heritable variation is at the heart of the process of evolution. However, variation is restricted in breeding for uniform crop populations using the pedigree line approach. Pedigree lines are successful in agriculture because synthetic inputs are used to raise fertility and control weeds, pests and diseases. An alternative method promoted for exploring the value of variation and evolutionary fitness in crops is to create composite cross populations. Composite cross populations are formed by assembling seed stocks with diverse evolutionary origins, recombination of these stocks by hybridization, the bulking of F1 progeny, and subsequent natural election for mass sorting of the progeny in successive natural cropping environments. Composite cross...
Tipo: Journal paper Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Breeding; Genetics and propagation Crop husbandry.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://orgprints.org/6749/1/PhillipsandWolfe[2]_Lit_review.pdf
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2004 Cereals reveal an intriguing surprise: the performance of cereals on organic farms Organic Eprints
Wolfe, Martin; Hinchsliffe, Kay.
The great variability in the performance of cereals on organic farms that we have highlighted from past research trials has been confirmed in a new and more widely based trial. Participation from 20 producers gives the results a robust character and has enabled us to spot something we had not previously noted. EFRC researchers Prof Martin Wolfe AND Kay Hinchsliffe set out the results. Introduction EFRC is currently working on a Defra-funded project designed to use participatory research and development methodology, and is conducted on sites across the country with the participation of 20 farmers, seed producers and more than 10 researchers (EFRC, NIAB, Middlesex University, University of Kingston & HDRA). The idea is to integrate the contributions...
Tipo: Newspaper or magazine article Palavras-chave: Systems research and participatory research Crop combinations and interactions Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Breeding; Genetics and propagation.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://orgprints.org/4186/1/4186.pdf
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Using legume-based mixtures to enhance the nitrogen use efficiency and economic viability of cropping systems. Organic Eprints
Baddeley, J. A.; Döring, Thomas F.; Hatch, David; Marshall, Athole; Pearce, Bruce; Roderick, S; Stobart, Ron; Storkey, Jonathan; Watson, C.A.; Wolfe, Martin.
There is a pressing need to develop arable cropping systems that are both more efficient in their use of nitrogen (N) and more resilient to an increasingly variable and unpredictable climate. One potential solution is to use species-rich mixtures of grasses and legumes in the fertilitybuilding phase of a ley/arable crop rotation. These mixtures may reduce N losses and increase productivity of the following crop. They may also have other important benefits such as increased in-field biodiversity. In this project, legume and grass species with a range of tolerances to different environmental conditions, and with differing growth characteristics, are being grown individually and as a mixture across the UK, and their performance assessed.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Nutrient turnover; Crop husbandry.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://orgprints.org/19774/1/SACSEPA2010JAB.pdf
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Cereal Populations - Coping With Unpredictable Weather And Climate Organic Eprints
Fradgley, Nick; Wolfe, Martin.
Diverse composite cross populations (CCPs) consisting of thousands of segregating lines are created by crossing a number of parent varietes. Populations demonstrate greater resilience in unfavorable conditions at sowing in Autumn 2012 due to poor weather and high levels of Fusarium infection in seed.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Production systems Crop combinations and interactions Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Breeding; Genetics and propagation.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://orgprints.org/25340/1/Population%20poster%202013%20V2%20%28NF%29.pdf
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EFRC Bulletin 81 December 2005 Organic Eprints
Sanders, Richard; Niedeggen, Barbara; Jones, Hannah; Wolfe, Martin; Hitchings, Roger; Fleming, David.
EFRC's regular Bulletin with updates from the Organic Advisory Service
Tipo: Other Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection "Organics" in general Weed management Markets and trade Farming Systems Crop husbandry Health and welfare.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://orgprints.org/7701/1/Bulletin_81.pdf
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The Role of Agroecology in Sustainable Intensification Organic Eprints
Lampkin, Nicolas; Pearce, Bruce; Leake, Alastair; Creissen, Henry; Gerrard, Catherine L; Gerling, Robbie; Lloyd, Sofie; Padel, Susanne; Smith, Jo; Smith, Laurence; Vieweger, Anja; Wolfe, Martin.
‘Sustainable intensification’ is now often used to describe the future direction for agriculture and food production as a way to address the challenges of increasing global population, food security, climate change and resource conservation. While sustainable intensification is interpreted by some to relate to increasing production, with more efficient but potentially increased use of inputs and technology, there is also a need to consider environmental protection, including the conservation and renewal of natural capital and the output of ecosystem services. There is a growing consensus that sustainable intensification should not only avoid further environmental damage, but actively encourage environmental benefits. This includes addressing issues of...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Farming Systems; Food systems; Environmental aspects.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://orgprints.org/33067/1/A1652615.pdf
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Elm Farm Research Centre Bulletin with Technical Updates from the Organic Advisory Service 80 Organic Eprints
Woodward, Lawrence; Philipps, Lois; Wolfe, Martin; Jones, Hannah; Hinchsliffe, Kay; Hitchings, Roger; O'Brien, Josie; Deane, Tim.
A collection of technical, policy and research articles on organic food and food systems
Tipo: Other Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Breeding; Genetics and propagation Vegetables Biodiversity and ecosystem services Soil quality Health and welfare Farm economics Poultry Farm nutrient management.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://orgprints.org/6833/1/Bulletin_80.pdf
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COBRA: a new European research project for organic plant breeding. In: Conference Booklet - Breeding for Nutrient Efficiency - Joint Meeting of EUCARPIA Section Organic & Low-Input Agriculture and EU NUE-CROPS Project Organic Eprints
Döring, Thomas F.; Baresel, Jörg Peter; Borgen, Anders; Finckh, Maria R.; Howlett, Sally; Ortolani, Livia; Pearce, Bruce; Pedersen, T.M.; Wolfe, Martin.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation Crop health; Quality; Protection.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://orgprints.org/27954/1/2013.Doring%20et%20al.COBRA.Eucarpia.pdf
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Within-crop genetic diversity increases temporal yield stability in organic winter wheat Organic Eprints
Fradgley, Nick; Howlett, Sally; Wolfe, Martin.
Organic farming aims at developing farming systems that do not need unsustainable inputs such as mineral fertilisers and pesticides to regulate the cropping environment. Such systems need crop varieties that are resilient against multiple and variable biotic and abiotic stresses and that make efficient use of the nutrients and resources that are available. Highly genetically diverse cereal Composite Cross Populations (CCPs) have been proposed as an approach to dealing with these stresses (Döring et al., 2011). Field trials investigated the yield stability of two winter wheat CCPs compared to two respective mixtures of their parental varieties as well as high yielding (c.v. Alchemy) and high quality (c.v. Solstice) elite pure-line control varieties at...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Crop combinations and interactions Breeding; Genetics and propagation.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://orgprints.org/29392/1/CCP%20stability%20poster%20at%20AAB%20conference%20%28NF_MW%29.pdf
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Pest and disease management in organic farming: implications and inspirations for plant breeding Organic Eprints
Döring, Thomas F.; Pautasso, Marco; Finckh, Maria R.; Wolfe, Martin.
The co-evolution of plants with their pests and diseases is a major driving force in evolution in nature. As a consequence, many pests and pathogens have multiple functions involved in survival on host populations. As a result of this continuous co-evolution, plant pests and pathogens have been selected for high reproduction rates, because of the low probability of an individual being able to find or infect a compatible host plant. For their part, host plants in natural ecosystems are often interspersed among other plant species and show wide and changing variation among individuals for genes affecting specific or non-specific resistance to each of the many pathogens that may attack them. Throughout the plant world there are dynamic and unstable equilibria...
Tipo: Book chapter Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation Crop health; Quality; Protection.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://orgprints.org/19803/1/Doering%20chapter%2003.pdf
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Composite Cross Populations of Cereals in Practice: Arguments and Recent Developments in the Legal Framework Revision Organic Eprints
Wolfe, Martin; Howlett, Sally; Fradgley, Nick; Winkler, Louisa; Pearce, Bruce; Döring, Thomas F..
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation Crop health; Quality; Protection Weed management.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://orgprints.org/27955/1/2013.Wolfe%20et%20al%20Eucarpia.pdf
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Vergleich dreier unterschiedlich spezialisierter Winterweizen-Populationen unter ökologischen und konventionellen Anbaubedingungen in Deutschland und England Organic Eprints
Döring, Thomas F.; Weedon, Odette; Brumlop, Sarah; Wolfe, Martin; Finckh, Maria R..
Three Composite Cross Populations (CCPs) of winter wheat were created in 2001, one from crossing high baking quality parents (called QCCP), one based on high yielding parents (YCCP), and one created from both parent sets combined (YQ). All three CCPs were grown for several years in the UK and in Germany under conventional and organic cropping management. Based on properties of the different parent sets, yields were predicted to be highest in the YCCP and lowest in the QCCP, with the YQCCP in between. However, data showed that the YCCP was not significantly higher-yielding than the more generalist YQCCP in five out of six sites; in fact, the YQCCP even tended to outyield the YCCP on average over all sites, and this effect was significant at the German...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Breeding; Genetics and propagation.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://orgprints.org/26982/1/26982_doering.pdf
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Against the grain Organic Eprints
Döring, Thomas F.; Crowley, Oliver; Wolfe, Martin.
An Organic Research Centre project is examining how diversity-based tools can assist in the on-farm improvement of organic wheat. Successful organic crop production requires varieties that are resistant to diseases, competitive against weeds, and effective at scavenging nutrients. Yet conventional plant breeding has largely neglected organic systems by breeding varieties exclusively for high input conditions. As a consequence, organic producers currently do not have enough choice of plant varieties for organic conditions. One way to expand the choice is to create plant diversity anew and subject it to natural selection on organic farms. After several generations the dominating plants would be better suited to organic systems. This idea is being tested...
Tipo: Newspaper or magazine article Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://orgprints.org/19777/1/2011.Doring_et_al.OrgFarm.pdf
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Development of an agroforestry system for chicken production Organic Eprints
Philipps, Lois; Engel, Cindy; Wolfe, Martin.
This report was presented at the UK Organic Research 2002 Conference. Because conventional production of chickens has gone further than any other animal production system towards complete control of the animal’s brief lives, development of effective silvo-poultry systems seems particularly necessary for these essentially woodland birds. The objective is to develop a production system that closely matches the physiological and behavioural needs of the animals being reared. For the example of chickens, this means trying to mimic a woodland/forest-clearing environment. By providing a wide range of trees, shrubs and herbs, it should be possible to provide shelter, nutrition and medicinal benefits for the birds. At the same time, the system needs to fulfil...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Poultry; Farming Systems; Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://orgprints.org/8417/1/philipps_Agroforestry_chicken_production.pdf
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Evolutionary plant breeding in cereals– into a new era Organic Eprints
Döring, Thomas; Knapp, Samuel; Kovacs, Geza; Wolfe, Martin.
In evolutionary plant breeding, crop populations with a high level of genetic diversity are subjected to the forces of natural selection. In a cycle of sowing and re-sowing seed from the plant population year after year, those plants favored under prevailing growing conditions are expected to contribute more seed to the next generation than plants with lower fitness. Thus, evolving crop populations have the capability of adapting to the conditions under which they are grown. Here we review the current state of research in evolutionary plant breeding and concentrate on the ability of evolving plant populations to deal with stressful, variable, and unpredictable environments. This resilience of evolving plant populations is seen as a major advantage under...
Tipo: Journal paper Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://orgprints.org/19770/1/2011.Doring_et_al.Evo%2DBreed.Sust.pdf
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Selecting winter wheat lines from a composite cross population Organic Eprints
Fradgley, Nick; Wolfe, Martin; Howlett, Sally; Creissen, Henry; Girling, Robbie.
The extremely diverse genetic variation in wheat Composite Cross Populations (CCP) represents a valuable source of breeding material. Such material could be selected as part of a participatory breeding programme with the potential advantage of selecting adaptation targeted for particular environments. For example, selections could be made aimed at producing lines that would thrive under the wide range of management practices conducted as part of organic and low input farming systems. Ears were selected from a CCP mixed stand under organic field conditions in the UK and Hungary. Selected lines were multiplied as single ear rows and 1m2 plots. The best performing five lines from the two selection sites were trialled in Suffolk, UK, in replicated plots...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Breeding; Genetics and propagation Crop health; Quality; Protection Weed management.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://orgprints.org/26670/1/Selected%20lines%20poster%20%28NF_MSW_RG%29.pdf
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Legume based plant mixtures for delivery of multiple ecosystem services: An overview of benefits Organic Eprints
Döring, Thomas F.; Baddeley, J. A.; Brown, RJ; Collins, R; Crowley, Oliver; Cuttle, Steve; McCalman, Heather; Pearce, Bruce; Roderick, Stephen; Stobart, Ron; Storkey, Jonathan; Watson, Christine; Wolfe, Martin; Jones, H E.
As costs for mineral fertilizers rise, legume-based leys are recognised as a potential alternative nitrogen source for crops. Here we demonstrate that including species-rich legume-based leys in the rotation helps to maximize synergies between agricultural productivity and other ecosystem services. By using functionally diverse plant species mixtures these services can be optimised and fine-tuned to regional and farm-specific needs. Field experiments run over three years at multiple locations showed that the stability of ley performance was greater in multi-species mixtures than in legume monocultures. In addition, mixing different legume species in the ley helps to suppress both early and late weeds. Further, combining complementary phenologies of...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Pasture and forage crops; Nutrient turnover; Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://orgprints.org/20718/1/Doring_et_al_2012_Legume_mixtures_for_ecosystem_service_delivery_%2D_overview.pdf
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Control strategies for late blight in organic potato production Organic Eprints
Zarb, John; Ghorbani, Reza; Juntharathep, Pintip; Shotton, Peter; Santos, Joanna; Wilcockson, Steve; Leifert, Carlo; Litterick, Audrey M; Bain, Ruaridh A; Wolfe, Martin.
This report was presented at the UK Organic Research 2002 Conference. Protective copper fungicides are currently used to control late blight in most organic production systems, but approval for their use in organic farming will be revoked in 2002. Evidence suggests that organic potato production will not be reliably economic in the absence of Cu. Current controls for late blight are reviewed including: variety selection/breeding for blight resistance, diversification strategies, agronomic strategies for the management of late blight, and alternative treatments to Cu-fungicides.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Root crops Crop husbandry.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://orgprints.org/8405/1/zarb_Control_strategies_late_blight_potatoes.pdf
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Agronomic performance of two generations (F12 and F13) of thirteen winter wheat composite cross wheat populations with differing cultivation histories in 2014/15. Organic Eprints
Weedon, Odette; Brumlop, Sarah; Heinrich, Sven; Boening, Andreas; Elsner, Maren; Finckh, Maria R.; Lammerts van Bueren, E.T.; Nuijten, E.; Messmer, Monika; Baresel, Jörg Peter; Goldringer, I.; Péter, Mikó; Megyeri, Maria; Borgen, Anders; Rasmussen, Søren K.; Pearce, Bruce; Wolfe, Martin.
As environmental and agronomic conditions are heterogeneous between and within locations, diversity within varieties or crop populations should increase adaptability to the changing and variable range of growing environments. The additional pressure of plant genetic diversity loss, has driven novel breeding approaches such as Composite Cross Populations (CCPs) and other genotype mixtures, thereby increasing both intra- and inter-varietal diversity and ensuring a “wider adaptation” capacity for crop varieties (Döring et al., 2011). A winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) CCP was created by intercrossing 20 varieties in 2001, through collaboration with the Elm Farm Research Centre and the John Innes Institute. In 2005, a seed batch of the F4 was equally...
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Biodiversity and ecosystem services Breeding; Genetics and propagation.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://orgprints.org/30323/1/Weedon%20et%20al..pdf
Registros recuperados: 24
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