SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

McCarl, Bruce A.; Villavicencio, Xavier; Wu, Ximing.

This paper examines the role that climate change might be playing in the declining returns to agricultural research. For this purpose, we estimate a cross-section time-series model of agricultural total factor productivity for the U.S. states over the period 1970–1999, with the inclusion of climatic variables, and controlling for non stationarity of the data. Our findings suggest that after controlling for climatic variables and non stationarity, the effect of Public Agricultural Research Capital over Total Factor Productivity is reduced.

CLIMATE CHANGE INFLUENCES ON THE RISK OF AVIAN INFLUENZA OUTBREAKS AND ASSOCIATED ECONOMIC LOSS

Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Factor Productivity; Returns to Research; Panel Data; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C33; O13; Q16.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49452

Mu, Jianhong H.; McCarl, Bruce A.; Wu, Ximing; Gan, Li.

This paper examines the effect that climate has on Avian Influenza outbreak probability. The statistical analysis shows across a broad region the probability of an outbreak declines by 0.22% when the temperature rises 1 Celsius degree and increases by 0.34% when precipitation increases by 1millimeter. These results indicate that the realized climate change of the last 20 years not only has been a factor behind recent HPAI outbreaks, but that climate change is likely to play an even greater role in the future. The statistical results indicate that overall, the risk of an AI outbreak has been increased by 51% under past climate change and 3-4% under future climate change. An economic evaluation shows the increased probability of outbreaks has caused...

China's Income Distribution over Time: Reasons for Rising Inequality

Palavras-chave: Climate change; Avian Influenza outbreaks; GDP loss; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103637

Wu, Ximing; Perloff, Jeffrey M..

We use a new method to estimate China's income distributions using publicly available interval summary statistics from China's largest national household survey. We examine rural, urban, and overall income distributions for each year from 1985-2001. By estimating the entire distributions, we can show how the distributions change directly as well as examine trends in traditional welfare indices such as the Gini. We find that inequality has increased substantially in both rural and urban areas. Using an inter-temporal decomposition of aggregate inequality, we determine that increases in inequality within the rural and urban sectors and the growing gap in rural and urban incomes have been equally responsible for the growth in overall inequality over the last...

The Effect of Food-Away-from-Home and Food-at-Home Expenditures on Obesity Rates: A State-Level Analysis

Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; O15; O18; O53.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25036

Cai, Yongxia; Alviola, Pedro A., IV; Nayga, Rodolfo M., Jr.; Wu, Ximing.

Using state-level data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we investigate the effects of household food-away-from-home and food-at-home expenditures on overweight rates, obesity rates, and combined rates. Our random effects model estimates suggest that food-away-from-home expenditures are positively related to obesity and combined rates, while food-at-home expenditures are negatively related to obesity and combined rates. However, the magnitudes of these effects, while statistically significant, are relatively small. Both food-at-home and food-away-from-home expenditures do not significantly influence overweight rates.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Food-at-home expenditures; Food-away-from-home expenditures; Obesity; Overweight; Random effects model; State-level analysis; Agribusiness; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46990

Micro-Demand Systems Analysis of Non-Alcoholic Beverages in the United States: An Application of Econometric Techniques Dealing With Censoring

Alviola, Pedro A., IV; Capps, Oral, Jr.; Wu, Ximing.

A censored Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) and a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) were estimated in modeling non-alcoholic beverages. Five estimation techniques were used, including the conventional Iterated Seemingly Unrelated Regression (ITSUR), two-stage methods such as the Heien and Wessells (1990) and the Shonkwiler and Yen (1999) approaches, the generalized maximum entropy method and the Amemiya-Tobin framework of Dong, Gould and Kaiser (2004). Our results based on various specifications and estimation techniques are quantitatively similar and indicate that price elasticity estimates have a greater variability in more highly censored non-alcoholic beverage items such as tea, coffee and bottled water as opposed to less censored...

CHINA'S INCOME DISTRIBUTION OVER TIME: REASONS FOR RISING INEQUALITY

Palavras-chave: Censored demand systems; AIDS; QUAIDS; Two-Step Methods; Generalized Maximum Entropy; Amemiya-Tobin Framework; Non-Alcoholic Beverages; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C34; D12.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60462

Wu, Ximing; Perloff, Jeffrey M..

We estimate China's rural, urban and overall income distributions using grouped data from 1985-2001. We show how the distributions evolve as well as examine trends in welfare indices. We find the growing rural-urban income gap and increases in inequality within either sector have been equally responsible for overall inequality growth.

Welfare Effects of Minimum Wage and Other Government Policies

Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20061

Golan, Amos; Perloff, Jeffrey M.; Wu, Ximing.

The minimum wage, unlike most government transfer programs, lowered welfare in the 1980s and 1990s as measured by all commonly used welfare or inequality measures, including various Atkinson indexes, the Gini index, standard deviation of logarithms, and others. The effects of most government programs, macroeconomic variables, and aggregate demographic characteristics were qualitatively the same for all the inequality measures.

Risk Perception and Altruistic Averting Behavior: Removing Arsenic in Drinking Water

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25123

Cai, Yongxia; Shaw, W. Douglass; Wu, Ximing.

Self protection and altruism are crucial behavioral factors in determining the effectiveness of public policies aimed to improve human health from environmental hazards. This paper examined people’s arsenic mortality risk perception in the drinking water for themselves and their children using the Bayesian learning framework. A two-stage structural model within the random utility framework was developed to model the household’s risk averting behavior with respect to arsenic-related mortality risk. The empirical results indicate that parents engage in a form of mixed altruism. Parents are willing to spend more to make a trade-off between their risk and their children’s risk.

Fundamentals and US natural gas price dynamics

Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6149

Qin, Xiaoyan; Bessler, David A.; Leatham, David J.; Wu, Ximing; Gan, Li.

Investigation into the relations between market fundamentals and US natural gas prices is carried out in the regime-switching framework. To test the hypothesis that US natural gas market may switch between two states of market: bullish market and bearish market, a 2-state regime-switching model with Markov transition chain is carried out. GARCH effects are also built into the model to account for the conditional heteroskedasticity. Short-term forecasts based on the regime-switching model are also provided. Empirical results suggest that real world natural gas price behavior is far more complicated than that predicted by fundamental models. Volatility which cannot be explained by fundamentals plays an essential role in natural gas price behavior. The major...

Government Policy Effects on Urban and Rural Income Inequality

Palavras-chave: US natural gas price behaviors; Markov-switching model; GARCH; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56501

Wu, Ximing; Perloff, Jeffrey M.; Golan, Amos.

Effects of Government Policies on Income Distribution and Welfare

Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25125

Wu, Ximing; Perloff, Jeffrey M.; Golan, Amos.

A variety of parametric and semiparametric models produce qualitatively similar estimates of government policies' effects on income distribution and welfare (as measured by the Gini, standard deviation of logarithms, relative mean deviation, coefficient of variation, and various Atkinson indexes). Taxes and the Earned Income Tax Credit are an effective way to redistribute income to the poor and raise welfare. The minimum wage lowers welfare. Social insurance programs have little effect except for Supplemental Security Income, which raises welfare. Transfer programs (AFDC/TANF and food stamps) either have no statistically significant effect or lower welfare.