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| Viju, Crina; Yeung, May T.; Kerr, William A.. |
| Until there is a successful challenge at the WTO, the EU policy on LLP is likely to remain in place. Under this policy, there is a zero tolerance level for GM material that has not received EU authorization. Zero tolerance, however, has to be operationalized – what does an exporting country have to do to prove it is in compliance with zero tolerance? The Protocol on Triffid flax was formally proposed by the Canadian flax industry, not the Canadian government, and accepted by the European Commission. It entails an extensive and costly testing regime all along the flaxseed supply chain. Canadian exports of flaxseed have resumed to the EU. The Protocol provides sufficient transparency for firms to be willing to engage in international transactions. This... |
| Tipo: Technical Report |
Palavras-chave: GMO; EU; Triffid; NTB; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122742 |
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| Yeung, May T.; Kerr, William A.. |
| Currently there are proposals and negotiations regarding the strengthening of protection for geographic indicators (GIs) in the WTO. A major proponent of stronger protection for GIs has been the European Union. One of the arguments it has put forward for stronger protection has been that it will provide an avenue for economic development for agricultural producers in developing countries – a way to capture rents in the markets of developed countries. This paper first outlines the proposed changes to the international protection of geographic indicators. Second, the potential for groups of producers to generate and capture rents in foreign markets is assessed under differing assumptions pertaining to industry structure, product differentiation in the short... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; WTO; GIS. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43459 |
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| Viju, Crina; Yeung, May T.; Kerr, William A.. |
| Canada is currently negotiating a Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with the European Union; the issue of Geographic Indications (GIs) is on the negotiating agenda and is expected to be one of the most contentious issues in the negotiations. While the exact nature of protection for GIs to be included in the agreement is not yet clear, there is a potential conflict over market access with the U.S. (and presumably the approximately 50 other countries that use trademarks instead of GIs to protect this type of intellectual property). This paper explores the wider issues surrounding differences in the protection of intellectual property and the effect on market access as well as the potential specific issues pertaining to the CETA for NAFTA... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Geographic Indications (GIs); Trademarks; Market access; FTAs; NAFTA; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122741 |
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| Viju, Crina; Yeung, May T.; Kerr, William A.. |
| The regulatory regime for contamination permits the imposition of import bans with neither a scientific justification nor a risk assessment. No scientific assessment of Triffid flax was done prior to the import ban. The import regime put in place to deal with the contamination of flax with the GM-flax CDC Triffid provides no rationale for the thresholds of safety established for the testing regime. The EU is consistently pushing for commercial, economic and social considerations to be included, along with science, in decision-making. Such considerations are often perceived as avenues for economic protection to creep into EU decision-making. Such considerations can, however, cut both ways. The Canada-EU testing regime for Triffid makes provision for, but... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: GMO; Food; EU; Triffid Flax; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116849 |
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| Viju, Crina; Yeung, May T.; Kerr, William A.. |
| Public policy makers in Canada should expect the US to object to the extension of protection to EU GIs in the CETA. The expected gains made in other areas of the CETA for agreeing to protect EU GIs need to be weighed carefully against the potential cost of trade actions through NAFTA. The NAFTA has relatively strong commitments pertaining to intellectual property, although they remain largely untested. In the case of geographical indicators, the NAFTA commitments are structured around the trademark system used by the US and Canada. Other aspects of the NAFTA, such as the investment provisions, may also be used to challenge the negative impact of Canada granting intellectual property protection to GIs. |
| Tipo: Technical Report |
Palavras-chave: GIs; Market access; EU; PTA; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122743 |
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