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Is the meiofauna a good indicator for climate change and anthropogenic impacts? ArchiMer
Zeppilli, Daniela; Sarrazin, Jozee; Leduc, Daniel; Arbizu, Pedro Martinez; Fontaneto, Diego; Fontanier, Christophe; Gooday, Andrew J.; Kristensen, Reinhardt Mobjerg; Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N.; Sorensen, Martin V.; Vanreusel, Ann; Thebault, Julien; Mea, Marianna; Allio, Noemie; Andro, Thomas; Arvigo, Alexandre; Castrec, Justine; Danielo, Morgan; Foulon, Valentin; Fumeron, Raphaelle; Hermabessiere, Ludovic; Hulot, Vivien; James, Tristan; Langonne-augen, Roxanne; Le Bot, Tangi; Long, Marc; Mahabror, Dendy; Morel, Quentin; Pantalos, Michael; Pouplard, Etienne; Raimondeau, Laura; Rio-cabello, Antoine; Seite, Sarah; Traisnel, Gwendoline; Urvoy, Kevin; Van Der Stegen, Thomas; Weyand, Mariam; Fernandes, David.
Our planet is changing, and one of the most pressing challenges facing the scientific community revolves around understanding how ecological communities respond to global changes. From coastal to deep-sea ecosystems, ecologists are exploring new areas of research to find model organisms that help predict the future of life on our planet. Among the different categories of organisms, meiofauna offer several advantages for the study of marine benthic ecosystems. This paper reviews the advances in the study of meiofauna with regard to climate change and anthropogenic impacts. Four taxonomic groups are valuable for predicting global changes: foraminifers (especially calcareous forms), nematodes, copepods and ostracods. Environmental variables are fundamental in...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Meiofauna; Climate change; Anthropogenic impacts; Biomonitoring; Natural observations and experimental studies.
Ano: 2015 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00278/38938/37521.pdf
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Editorial: Extreme Benthic Communities in the Age of Global Change ArchiMer
Sandulli, Roberto; Ingels, Jeroen; Zeppilli, Daniela; Sweetman, Andrew Kvassnes; Hardy Mincks, Sarah; Mienis, Furu; Chin-lin, Wei.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Benthos; Global change; Extreme environment; Biodiversity; Ecosystem functioning.
Ano: 2021 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00668/77990/80200.pdf
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The Cost for Biodiversity: Records of Ciliate–Nematode Epibiosis with the Description of Three New Suctorian Species ArchiMer
Baldrighi, Elisa; Dovgal, Igor; Zeppilli, Daniela; Abibulaeva, Alie; Michelet, Claire; Michaud, Emma; Franzo, Annalisa; Grassi, Eleonora; Cesaroni, Lucia; Guidi, Loretta; Balsamo, Maria; Sandulli, Roberto; Semprucci, Federica.
Epibiosis is a common phenomenon in marine systems. In marine environments, ciliates are among the most common organisms adopting an epibiotic habitus and nematodes have been frequently reported as their basibionts. In the present study, we report several new records of peritrich and suctorian ciliates-nematode association worldwide: from a deep-sea pockmark field in the NW Madagascar margin (Indian Ocean), from a shallow vent area in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean, Tyrrhenian Sea), in a MPA area in the Gulf of Trieste (Mediterranean, Adriatic Sea), from a mangrove system in French Guiana (South America, Atlantic Ocean), and from the Maldivian Archipelago. In addition, three new species of Suctorea from the Secca delle Fumose shallow vent area (Gulf of...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Epibiosis; Ciliophora; Suctorea; Nematoda; Meiofauna; Biodiversity.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00632/74417/74132.pdf
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Meiofaunal communities and nematode diversity characterizing the Secca delle Fumose shallow vent area (Gulf of Naples, Italy) ArchiMer
Baldrighi, Elisa; Zeppilli, Daniela; Appolloni, Luca; Donnarumma, Luigia; Chianese, Elena; Russo, Giovanni Fulvio; Sandulli, Roberto.
Hydrothermal venting is rather prevalent in many marine areas around the world, and marine shallow vents are relatively abundant in the Mediterranean Sea, especially around Italy. However, investigations focusing on the characterization of meiofaunal organisms inhabiting shallow vent sediments are still scant compared to that on macrofauna. In the present study, we investigated the meiobenthic assemblages and nematode diversity inhabiting the Secca delle Fumose (SdF), a shallow water vent area located in the Gulf of Naples (Italy). In this area, characterized by a rapid change in the environmental conditions on a relative small spatial scale (i.e., 100 m), we selected four sampling sites: one diffusive emission site (H); one geyser site (G) and two...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Secca delle Fumose; Gulf of Naples; Shallow vent; Meiofauna; Nematode diversity.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00631/74343/73995.pdf
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Microbial Communities of the Shallow-Water Hydrothermal Vent Near Naples, Italy, and Chemosynthetic Symbionts Associated With a Free-Living Marine Nematode ArchiMer
Bellec, Laure; Cambon-bonavita, Marie-anne; Durand, Lucile; Aube, Johanne; Gayet, Nicolas; Sandulli, Roberto; Brandily, Christophe; Zeppilli, Daniela.
Shallow-water hydrothermal vents are widespread, especially in the Mediterranean Sea, owing to the active volcanism of the area. Apart free microbial communities’ investigations, few biological studies have been leaded yet. Investigations of microbial communities associated with Nematoda, an ecologically important group in sediments, can help to improve our overall understanding of these ecosystems. We used a multidisciplinary-approach, based on microscopic observations (scanning electron microscopy: SEM and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization: FISH) coupled with a molecular diversity analysis using metabarcoding, based on the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 region), to characterize the bacterial community of a free-living marine nematode and its environment, the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Nematode; Shallow-water hydrothermal vent; Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria; Iron cycle; Zetaproteobacteria.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00643/75544/76449.pdf
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Deep-Sea Nematodes of the Mozambique Channel: Evidence of Random Community Assembly Dynamics in Seep Sediments ArchiMer
Macheriotou, Lara; Rigaux, Annelien; Olu, Karine; Zeppilli, Daniela; Derycke, Sofie; Vanreusel, Ann.
Cold seeps occur globally in areas where gases escape from the seafloor, occasionally resulting in the formation of topographic depressions (pockmarks), characterised by unique physicochemical conditions such as anoxic and sulphuric sediments. Free-living marine nematodes tend to dominate the meiofaunal component in such environments, often occurring at extremely high densities and low richness; the mechanisms defining community assembly in areas of fluid seepage, however, have received little attention. Here we focus on a low-activity pockmark at 789 m in the Mozambique Channel (MC). We assessed the diversity, co-occurrence patterns and phylogenetic community structure of nematodes at this bathyal site to that of a nearby reference area as well as abyssal...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Cold seeps; Nematoda; Metabarcoding; Community structure; Phylogenetic community structure.
Ano: 2021 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00679/79080/81524.pdf
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A Nematode of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Hydrothermal Vents Harbors a Possible Symbiotic Relationship ArchiMer
Bellec, Laure; Cambon-bonavita, Marie-anne; Cueff-gauchard, Valerie; Durand, Lucile; Gayet, Nicolas; Zeppilli, Daniela.
Deep-sea hydrothermal vent meiofauna have been the focus of recent research and the discovery of an abundant well-adapted free-living marine nematode on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge offers new perspectives on adaptations to the vent environment. Indeed, knowledge concerning biological interactions of microbes and meiofauna in marine extreme environments is scarce, especially for nematodes. In this study, we used microscopic observations [fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] and metabarcoding of 16S rRNA to characterize the bacterial community of the nematode species Oncholaimus dyvae, an overlooked but ecologically important vent organism. Detection of bacteria in the buccal cavity and on the cuticle (SEM) and...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria; Lucky Strike vent field; Meiofauna; Nematode; Endosymbiont.
Ano: 2018 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00457/56846/58676.pdf
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Seawater Acidification Affects Beta-Diversity of Benthic Communities at a Shallow Hydrothermal Vent in a Mediterranean Marine Protected Area (Underwater Archaeological Park of Baia, Naples, Italy) ArchiMer
Appolloni, Luca; Zeppilli, Daniela; Donnarumma, Luigia; Baldrighi, Elisa; Chianese, Elena; Russo, Giovanni Fulvio; Sandulli, Roberto.
One of the most important pieces of climate change evidence is ocean acidification. Acidification effects on marine organisms are widely studied, while very little is known regarding its effects on assemblages’ β-diversity. In this framework, shallow hydrothermal vents within a Marine Protected Area (MPA) represent natural ecosystems acting as laboratory set-ups where the continuous carbon dioxide emissions affect assemblages with consequences that can be reasonably comparable to the effects of global water acidification. The aim of the present study is to test the impact of seawater acidification on the β-diversity of soft-bottom assemblages in a shallow vent field located in the Underwater Archeological Park of Baia MPA (Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Marine Protected Areas; Hydrothermal vents; β -diversity; Acidification; Climate changes.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00663/77470/79163.pdf
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Meiofauna assemblages of the Condor Seamount (North-East Atlantic Ocean) and adjacent deep-sea sediments ArchiMer
Zeppilli, Daniela; Bongiorni, Lucia; Cattaneo, Antonio; Danovaro, Roberto; Santos, R.
Seamounts are currently considered hotspots of biodiversity and biomass for macro- and megabenthic taxa, but knowledge of meiofauna is still limited. Studies have revealed the existence of highly diverse meiofauna assemblages; however most data are mainly qualitative or focused only on specific groups, thus preventing comparisons among seamounts and with other deep-sea areas. This study, conducted on Condor Seamount (Azores, North-East Atlantic Ocean), describes variation in abundance, biomass, community structure and biodiversity of benthic meiofauna from five sites located on the Condor Seamount: and one site away from the seamount. While the summit of the seamount hosted the highest alpha biodiversity, the flanks and the bases showed a rich meiofauna...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Condor Seamount; Meiofauna; Biodiversity; Deep-sea sediments; Azores.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00152/26324/24398.pdf
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Worms’ Antimicrobial Peptides ArchiMer
Bruno, Renato; Maresca, Marc; Canaan, Stéphane; Cavalier, Jean-françois; Mabrouk, Kamel; Boidin-wichlacz, Céline; Olleik, Hamza; Zeppilli, Daniela; Brodin, Priscille; Massol, François; Jollivet, Didier; Jung, Sasha; Tasiemski, Aurélie.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural antibiotics produced by all living organisms. In metazoans, they act as host defense factors by eliminating microbial pathogens. But they also help to select the colonizing bacterial symbionts while coping with specific environmental challenges. Although many AMPs share common structural characteristics, for example having an overall size between 10–100 amino acids, a net positive charge, a γ-core motif, or a high content of cysteines, they greatly differ in coding sequences as a consequence of multiple parallel evolution in the face of pathogens. The majority of AMPs is specific of certain taxa or even typifying species. This is especially the case of annelids (ringed worms). Even in regions with extreme...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Annelids; Nematodes; AMP; Extremophiles.
Ano: 2019 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00511/62307/66556.pdf
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Ecology and trophic role of Oncholaimus dyvae sp. nov. (Nematoda: Oncholaimidae) from the lucky strike hydrothermal vent field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) ArchiMer
Zeppilli, Daniela; Bellec, Laure; Cambon-bonavita, Marie-anne; Decraemer, Wilfrida; Fontaneto, Diego; Fuchs, Sandra; Gayet, Nicolas; Mandon, Perrine; Michel, Loic; Portail, Marie; Smol, Nic; Sørensen, Martin V.; Vanreusel, Ann; Sarrazin, Jozee.
Background Nematodes are an important component of deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities, but only few nematode species are able to cope to the harsh conditions of the most active vent sites. The genus Oncholaimus is known to tolerate extreme geothermal conditions and high sulphide concentrations in shallow water hydrothermal vents, but it was only occasionally reported in deep-sea vents. In this study, we performed morphological, genetic and ecological investigations (including feeding strategies) on an abundant species of Oncholaimus recently discovered at Lucky strike vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 1700 m water depth. Results We described this species as Oncholaimus dyvae sp. nov.. This new species differs from all other members of the genus...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Oncholaimus dyvae sp. nov.; Hydrothermal vents; Deep sea; Carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios.
Ano: 2019 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00508/61985/66097.pdf
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Changes in Nematode Communities in Different Physiographic Sites of the Condor Seamount (North-East Atlantic Ocean) and Adjacent Sediments ArchiMer
Zeppilli, Daniela; Bongiorni, Lucia; Serrao Santos, Ricardo; Vanreusel, Ann.
Several seamounts are known as ‘oases’ of high abundances and biomass and hotspots of biodiversity in contrast to the surrounding deep-sea environments. Recent studies have indicated that each single seamount can exhibit a high intricate habitat turnover. Information on alpha and beta diversity of single seamount is needed in order to fully understand seamounts contribution to regional and global biodiversity. However, while most of the seamount research has been focused on summits, studies considering the whole seamount structure are still rather poor. In the present study we analysed abundance, biomass and diversity of nematodes collected in distinct physiographic sites and surrounding sediments of the Condor Seamount (Azores, North-East Atlantic Ocean)....
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Ano: 2014 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00244/35528/34043.pdf
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Occurrence of Chromadorita regabi sp nov (Nematoda: Adenophorea), a nematode egg predator of Alvinocaris muricola (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Alvinocarididae) from a deep cold seep area of the Gulf of Guinea ArchiMer
Baldrighi, Elisa; Vanreusel, A.; Zeppilli, Daniela; Sandulli, R.; Segonzac, Michel.
Several individuals belonging to a new species of the genus Chromadorita (Nematoda: Adenophorea) were collected in a cold-seep area in the Gulf of Guinea during two French cruises: BIOZAIRE 2 (2001) and BIOZAIRE 3 (2003-2004) on board the R/V L'Atalante. In this area, rich chemosynthetic benthic communities have been discovered at 3150 m depth in the large pockmark field named Regab. Chromadorita regabi sp. nov. was found among the eggs in ovigerous specimens of the shrimp Alvinocaris muricola. The combination of long size (1500-2200 mu m), nine strong preanal papillae and relatively small dorsal tooth with weak musculature distinguishes this species from all known congeneric ones. An identification key to all known species of Chromadorita is provided.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Chromadorita regabi; Cold seep; Gulf of Guinea; Alvinocaris muricola.
Ano: 2018 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00454/56599/58271.pdf
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Colonization of synthetic sponges at the deep-sea Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge): a first insight ArchiMer
Baldrighi, Elisa; Zeppilli, Daniela; Crespin, Rosalie; Chauvaud, Pierre; Pradillon, Florence; Sarrazin, Jozee.
The main objective of the present study was to investigate invertebrate colonization processes at deep-sea hydrothermal vents in response to environmental factors and to the presence of complex artificial substrata (i.e., synthetic sponges). We set out a pilot experiment at 1700 m depth on the Lucky Strike vent field (Eiffel Tower, Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Synthetic sponges were deployed in 2011 at five sites along a gradient of hydrothermal activity and were recovered in 2013, and the composition of macro- and meiofauna was assessed on four of them. The influence of temperature and fluid inputs on colonizer faunal abundance and diversity was analyzed. Faunal abundance and diversity decreased with increasing distance from vent emission. The colonizers were...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Synthetic sponges; Colonization; Lucky Strike; Meiofauna; Macrofauna; Substratum type.
Ano: 2018 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00410/52135/52937.pdf
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First Assessment of the Benthic Meiofauna Sensitivity to Low Human-Impacted Mangroves in French Guiana ArchiMer
Michelet, Claire; Zeppilli, Daniela; Hubas, Cédric; Baldrighi, Elisa; Cuny, Philippe; Dirberg, Guillaume; Militon, Cécile; Walcker, Romain; Lamy, Dominique; Jézéquel, Ronan; Receveur, Justine; Gilbert, Franck; Houssainy, Amonda El; Dufour, Aurélie; Heimbürger-boavida, Lars-eric; Bihannic, Isabelle; Sylvi, Léa; Vivier, Baptiste; Michaud, Emma.
Bioindicators assess the mangroves ecological state according to the types of pressures but they differ with the ecosystem’s specificities. We investigated benthic meiofauna diversity and structure within the low human-impacted mangroves in French Guiana (South America) in response to sediment variables with various distances to the main city. Contaminant’s concentrations differed among the stations, but they remained below toxicity guidelines. Meiofauna structure (Foraminifera, Kinorhyncha, Nematoda) however varied accordingly. Nematode’s identification brought details on the sediment’s quality. The opportunistic genus Paraethmolaimus (Jensen, 1994) strongly correlated to the higher concentrations of Hg, Pb. Anoxic sediments were marked by organic...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Mangroves; Biodiversity; Meiofauna; Nematode; Anthropogenic pressures; Natural contamination; South America.
Ano: 2021 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00684/79587/82274.pdf
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Characteristics of meiofauna in extreme marine ecosystems: a review ArchiMer
Zeppilli, Daniela; Leduc, Daniel; Fontanier, Christophe; Fontaneto, Diego; Fuchs, Sandra; Gooday, Andrew J.; Goineau, Aurelie; Ingels, Jeroen; Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N.; Kristensen, Reinhardt Mobjerg; Neves, Ricardo Cardoso; Sanchez, Nuria; Sandulli, Roberto; Sarrazin, Jozee; Sorensen, Martin V.; Tasiemski, Aurelie; Vanreusel, Ann; Autret, Marine; Bourdonnay, Louis; Claireaux, Marion; Coquille, Valerie; De Wever, Lisa; Rachel, Durand; Marchant, James; Toomey, Lola; Fernandes, David.
Extreme marine environments cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface and offer many opportunities for investigating the biological responses and adaptations of organisms to stressful life conditions. Extreme marine environments are sometimes associated with ephemeral and unstable ecosystems, but can host abundant, often endemic and well-adapted meiofaunal species. In this review, we present an integrated view of the biodiversity, ecology and physiological responses of marine meiofauna inhabiting several extreme marine environments (mangroves, submarine caves, Polar ecosystems, hypersaline areas, hypoxic/anoxic environments, hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, carcasses/sunken woods, deep-sea canyons, deep hypersaline anoxic basins [DHABs] and hadal zones)....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Extreme environments; Meiofauna; Mangroves; Submarine caves; Polar ecosystems; Melting ice; Hypersaline areas; Anoxic and hypoxic zones; Hydrothermal vents; Cold seeps; Carcasses and sunken woods; Deep sea; Submarine canyons; Deep hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs); Hadal zones.
Ano: 2018 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00410/52140/52851.pdf
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Meiofauna Community in Soft Sediments at TAG and Snake Pit Hydrothermal Vent Fields ArchiMer
Spedicato, Adriana; Sánchez, Nuria; Pastor, Lucie; Menot, Lenaick; Zeppilli, Daniela.
The risk assessment of seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) mining on meiobenthic organisms, specifically on soft-sediment meiofauna, is impeded by a lack of knowledge on the biology and ecology of these communities. In this study, we investigated sediment samples taken in proximity of active vents at Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) and Snake Pit, two hydrothermal vent fields of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in order to explore metazoan meiofauna, particularly nematode community, and its relation to organic carbon, total nitrogen, total sulfur, and dissolved oxygen. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were low at both sites. High concentrations of total sulfur and low oxygen penetration were found at Snake Pit compared to TAG. Snake Pit showed approximately four...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Meiobenthos; Nematoda; Mid-Atlantic Ridge; Seafloor massive sulfides; Biodiversity.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00629/74061/73507.pdf
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Picturing thermal niches and biomass of hydrothermal vent species ArchiMer
Husson, Berengere; Sarradin, Pierre-marie; Zeppilli, Daniela; Sarrazin, Jozee.
In community ecology, niche analysis is a classic tool for investigating species’ distribution and dynamics. Components of a species’ niche include biotic and abiotic factors. In the hydrothermal vent ecosystem, although composition and temporal variation have been investigated since these deep-sea habitats were discovered nearly 40 years ago, the roles and the factors behind the success of the dominant species of these ecosystems have yet to be fully elucidated. In the Lucky Strike vent field on the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR), the dominant species is the mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. Data on this species and its associated community were collected during four oceanographic cruises on the Eiffel Tower edifice and integrated in a novel statistical framework...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Bathymodiolus azoricus; OMI; Habitat; Niche; Mid-Atlantic ridge; Lucky strike.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00341/45254/44692.pdf
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Evaluating sediment and water sampling methods for the estimation of deep-sea biodiversity using environmental DNA ArchiMer
Brandt, Miriam; Pradillon, Florence; Trouche, Blandine; Henry, Nicolas; Liautard-haag, Cathy; Cambon-bonavita, Marie-anne; Cueff-gauchard, Valerie; Wincker, Patrick; Belser, Caroline; Poulain, Julie; Arnaud-haond, Sophie; Zeppilli, Daniela.
Despite representing one of the largest biomes on earth, biodiversity of the deep seafloor is still poorly known. Environmental DNA metabarcoding offers prospects for fast inventories and surveys, yet requires standardized sampling approaches and careful choice of environmental substrate. Here, we aimed to optimize the genetic assessment of prokaryote (16S), protistan (18S V4), and metazoan (18S V1–V2, COI) communities, by evaluating sampling strategies for sediment and aboveground water, deployed simultaneously at one deep-sea site. For sediment, while size-class sorting through sieving had no significant effect on total detected alpha diversity and resolved similar taxonomic compositions at the phylum level for all markers studied, it effectively...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Ecological genetics; Microbial ecology; Molecular ecology.
Ano: 2021 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00689/80094/83149.pdf
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Rapid colonisation by nematodes on organic and inorganic substrata deployed at the deep-sea Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) ArchiMer
Zeppilli, Daniela; Vanreusel, Ann; Pradillon, Florence; Fuchs, Sandra; Mandon, Perrine; James, Tristan; Sarrazin, Jozee.
Despite the fragmented nature of hydrothermal vent (HV) fields, nascent vent sites are rapidly colonized by a pool of regional species. While succession of large animals at vents is relatively well established, we lack information on the associated meiofauna, in particular, on nematodes. The aim of the present study is to investigate the process of colonisation after 9 months of organic (wood and bone) and inorganic (slate) substrata by nematode assemblages deployed at the Eiffel Tower hydrothermal edifice on the Lucky Strike vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), at varying distances from visible hydrothermal activity. Abundance, biomass and diversity of colonising nematodes were compared with the results from an earlier similar two-year experiment....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Nematodes; Colonization substrata; Wood; Bone; Slate; Mid-Atlantic Ridge; Hydrothermal vents.
Ano: 2015 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00278/38939/37520.pdf
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