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Contribution à l'étude du couplage entre diffusion d'eau et contrainte mécaniques dans les matériaux marins hautes performances ArchiMer
Humeau, Corentin.
The aim of the study was to understand the impact of coupling on water diffusion and mechanical stress on marine installations. Moreover, we identified the key phenomena involved during this type of exposure. When we look to these type of applications we can distinguish two type of materials used: one for the structure and another for mooring facilities. The best performing structural materials appear to be composites, while the most effective mooring devices are made with synthetic ropes. Therefore, we decided to investigate both materials with the same method: first the properties uncoupled, second, as semi-coupled behaviours and finally as one coupled phenomenon. The present work highlights the divergences between uncoupled, semi-coupled and coupled...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Couplage; Diffusion d’eau; Contrainte mécanique; Vieillissement; Polymères; Cordages synthétiques; Composites; Coupling; Water diffusion; Mechanical stress; Ageing; Polymers; Synthetic ropes; Composites.
Ano: 2017 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00499/61023/64424.pdf
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Durabilité des géotextiles aramides en milieu alcalin ArchiMer
Derombise, Guillaume; Van Schoors, Laetitia; Davies, Peter.
Because of their high initial properties, aramid geotextiles have been used for a decade for ground reinforcement. Today, the geotextiles manufacturers think about their use in alkaline grounds. However there are few data on the long-term behaviour of aramid fibres under these conditions. Consequently, a durability study in a basic environment has been carried out in order to improve understanding of the degradation mechanisms involved in ageing. On that purpose, the physico-chemical characteristics as well as the surface state and the mechanical properties of the Twaron 1000 fibres have been followed at different ageing times.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Durabilité; Sol alcalin; Vieillissement; Renforcement; Géotextile; Fibre; Aramide; Durability; Alkaline ground; Ageing; Reinforcement; Geotextile; Fibre; Aramid.
Ano: 2009 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00632/74436/74163.pdf
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Predictive ageing of elastomers: Oxidation driven modulus changes for polychloroprene ArchiMer
Le Gac, Pierre-yves; Celina, Mathew; Roux, Gerard; Verdu, Jacques; Davies, Peter; Fayolle, Bruno.
The oxidative ageing in the range of 60 °C–140 °C of sulfur vulcanized polychloroprene has been studied by FTIR spectroscopy (double bond consumption), modulus changes and oxygen absorption measurements. Experiments were carried out on thin films and thick samples to investigate both homogeneous and inhomogeneous (diffusion controlled) oxidation with the goal of establishing the underlying correlation between oxidative degradation chemistry and mechanical property changes. A correlation between oxidatively driven degradation chemistry and modulus is possible using the established approaches of rubber elasticity where an effective crosslinking yield due to double bond reactions is of the order of 30% for this material (i.e. the loss of 3 double bonds...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Polychloroprene; Ageing; Sulfur vulcanization; Oxidation; Kinetic modeling; Modulus changes.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00342/45323/44784.pdf
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Analysis of the moisture effect on the mechanical behaviour of an adhesively bonded joint under proportional multi-axial loads ArchiMer
Arnaud, N.; Creac'Hcadec, R.; Cognard, J. Y.; Davies, Peter; Le Gac, Pierre-yves.
The objective of the study is to identify the 3D behaviour of an adhesive in an assembly, and to take into account the effect of ageing in a marine environment. To that end, three different tests were employed. Gravimetric analyses were used to determine the water diffusion kinetics in the adhesive. Bulk tensile tests were performed to highlight the effects of humid ageing on the adhesive behaviour. Modified Arcan tests were performed for several ageing times to obtain the experimental database which was necessary to identify constitutive models. A Mahnken-Schlimmer type model was determined for the unaged state according to a procedure developed in a previous study. This identification used inverse techniques. It was based on the unaged modified Arcan...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Water resistance; Arcan test; Ageing; Epoxides; Finite-element stress analysis; Durability.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00277/38788/37557.pdf
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Changes in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) sperm quality during the spawning season ArchiMer
Rouxel, Catherine; Suquet, Marc; Cosson, J; Severe, Armelle; Quemener, Loic; Fauvel, Christian.
The biology of cod reproduction is well described in the scientific literature. However, sperm biology and spermatozoa management are poorly studied in this species. Because of its recent farming expansion, a better knowledge of cod gametes is becoming especially useful. This work aimed at establishing tools to study sperm biology in cod, and also investigated the existence of changes in cod sperm quality during the spawning period. We showed that sperm concentration could be assessed using spectrophotometry at 260 nm. Sperm motility significantly decreased after a 168-h storage at 4 degrees C. A 1:9 dilution of sperm in a non-activating medium (1/3 seawater and 2/3 freshwater, osmotic pressure: 360 mOsm kg(-1)) improved sperm storage. Sperm concentration,...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Spermatozoa; Quality; Ageing; Sperm; Cod; Gadus morhua.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-3829.pdf
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Degradation of rubber to metals bonds during its cathodic delamination, validation of an artificial ageing test ArchiMer
Nakache, Maryline; Aragon, Emmanuel; Belec, Lenaik; Perrin, Francois-xavier; Roux, Gerard; Le Gac, Pierre-yves.
Rubber-metal assemblies used for submarine applications are often associated to cathodic protection which can lead to cathodic disboncling of the polymer/metal interface. The degradation mechanisms of polychloroprene/epoxy adhesive/copper-aluminium substrate systems associated to an accelerated ageing test are compared to the degradations resulting from natural ageing conditions in the Mediterranean sea. From destructives tests, a kinetic in four steps is identified for both ageing conditions. This kinetic is confirmed by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy data during ageing. In order to further identify the failure mode, the disbondecl surfaces on polymer and steel sides are analyzed using SEM and FTIR. Both ageing conditions present the same type of...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ageing; Rubber to metal systems; Cathodic delamination; FTIR.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00056/16697/14370.pdf
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Influence du vieillissement d'une population de crépidules sur l'épifaune associée. Influence sur le recrutement ArchiMer
Haubois, Anne-gaëlle.
Crepidula fornicata (slipper Iimpet) is a gastropod mollusc, coming from the North American east coast. Since its accidentaI introduction on french coasts, fifty years ago, C. fomicata invaded several coastal areas of this country and the bay of Saint Brieuc (Brittany -France) is one of the major site affected by the proliferation. Accumulation of dense mats of the slipper limpet contributes to the modification of the bottom structure and affects the substrate's heterogeneity, allowing the settlement of a diversified vagile and sessile epifauna. In this paper, the effects of the C. fornicata population ageing on epifauna assemblages and recruitment are studied. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of epifauna organisms suggests that, the ageing of the C....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Crepidula fornicata; Vieillissement; Épifaune; Compétition; Baie de Saint-Brieuc; Crepidu/afornicata; Ageing; Epifauna; Competition; Bay of Saint-Brieuc.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00037/14822/12138.pdf
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Growth of the oblique-banded grouper (Epinephelus radiatus) on the coasts of Reunion Island (SW Indian Ocean) ArchiMer
Mahe, Kelig; Rabhi, Khalef; Bellamy, Elise; Elleboode, Romain; Aumond, Yoann; Huet, Jerome; Cresson, Pierre; Roos, David.
The oblique-banded grouper, Epinephelus radiatus (Day, 1968), occurred within the whole Indo- West Pacific where it is harvested by small-scale coastal fisheries. The aim of this study was to estimate the growth of this species at Reunion Island (South-West Indian Ocean) since no study investigated this topic so far. Fifty-seven individuals were sampled in the landings of the French local artisanal fisheries from March 2014 to March 2015. The relationships between two types of body length (total and standard lengths, cm) and total weight (g) were significant (p < 0.05). Total length-weight relationship was described by the following parameters: a = 0.01 and b = 3.098. For each individual, morphometry of the whole otolith was described with several...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Epinephelidae; Epinephelus radiatus; Otolith; Indian Ocean; Ageing; Otolith weight.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00313/42385/41723.pdf
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Evaluation of the durability of composite tidal turbine blades ArchiMer
Davies, Peter; Germain, Gregory; Gaurier, Benoit; Boisseau, Amelie; Perreux, Dominique.
The long term reliability of tidal turbines is critical if these structures are to be cost-effective. Optimised design requires a combination of material durability models and structural analyses. Composites are a natural choice for turbine blades but there are few data available to predict material behaviour under coupled environmental and cycling loading. This paper addresses this problem, by introducing a multi-level framework for turbine blade qualification. At the material scale static and cyclic tests have been performed, both in air and in seawater. The influence of ageing in seawater on fatigue performance is then quantified and much lower fatigue lives are measured after ageing. At a higher level flume tank tests have been performed on three-blade...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Composite; Fatigue; Ageing; Tidal turbine; Flume tank; Finite-element model.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00079/19053/20068.pdf
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Accelerated ageing of polyurethanes for marine applications ArchiMer
Davies, Peter; Evrard, Guy.
Polyurethanes are frequently used in underwater applications. They are required to resist the marine environment over long periods of immersion but the multiplicity of resin formulations makes material selection difficult. Accelerated tests are essential to guarantee long term integrity. This paper presents results from an experimental study in which polyurethane samples of two hardnesses, 40 and 90 Shore A, have been subjected to immersion in artificial sea water for periods up to two years at temperatures from 50 to 100 degrees C. In parallel samples have been immersed at sea in the Brest Estuary for up to five years. Mechanical properties have been measured on tensile specimens after ageing. The accelerated test results and FTIR analysis indicate that...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Accelerated test; Sea water; Ageing; Marine; Polyurethane.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-2822.pdf
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Report of the 2019 ICCAT Workshop on Swordfish biology studies for growth, reproduction and genetics ArchiMer
Gillepsie, K; Coelho, R; Farley, J; Garibaldi, F; Gioacchini, G; Pappalardo, L; Poisson, Francois; Quelle, P; Rosa, D; Saber, S.
This report describes the June, 2019 ICCAT workshop on swordfish biology studies for growth, reproduction and genetics, hosted by the Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Olhão, Portugal . The major objectives of the workshop were to 1) refine sampling and biological data collection protocols, 2) develop protocols and start the sample processing and analysis, and 3) plan for the project future steps. The biological sampling program was established by ICCAT’s Swordfish Species Group in 2018, aiming to improve knowledge of the stock distribution, age and gender of the catch, growth rate, age at maturation, maturation rate, spawning season and location and diet. This work will contribute to the next major advance in the assessment of swordfish status,...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Swordfish; Genetics; Maturity; Ageing.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00615/72693/71697.pdf
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Influence of Seawater Ageing on Fracture of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Ocean Engineering ArchiMer
Le Guen-geffroy, Antoine; Davies, Peter; Le Gac, Pierre Yves; Habert, Bertrand.
Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials are finding new applications in highly loaded marine structures such as tidal turbine blades and marine propellers. Such applications require long-term damage resistance while being subjected to continuous seawater immersion. However, few data exist on which to base material selection and design. This paper provides a set of results from interlaminar fracture tests on specimens before and after seawater ageing. The focus is on delamination as this is the main failure mechanism for laminated composites under out-of-plane loading. Results show that there are two contributions to changes in fracture toughness during an accelerated wet ageing program: effects due to water and effects due to physical ageing. These are...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Composite; Delamination; Seawater; Immersion; Ageing.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00652/76410/77458.pdf
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The Effects of Age and Sex on Brain Volume International Journal of Morphology
Bayat,Parvin-Dokht; Ghanbari,Ali; Moradi,Mojtaba; Raoofi,Amir.
Age is associated with substantial macrostructural brain changes. While some recent CT scan studies have reported larger age affects in men than women, others find no sex differences, as brain morphometry is a potentially important tool in diagnosis and monitoring of age-related neurological diseases. A study was conducted on 147 Arakian healthy aged participants in the Department of Radiology, Valie asr Hospital, Arak city. Gray matter (GM), white matter (WM) and CSF was evaluated based on cranial CT scan images. Both males and females subjects were divided into four age groups. In this study, the subjects were 51.7% (76) male and 48.3% (71) female. Frequency of groups showed that the common types were in the 4th group of ages (65.1­80 years) with 44%....
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Ageing; CT scan; Morphometry.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022014000400056
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AGEING INDUCES APOPTOSIS AND INCREASES HSP70 STRESS PROTEIN IN THE EPIDIDYMIS OF Octodon degus International Journal of Morphology
Bustos-Obregón,Eduardo; Esponda,Pedro.
Apoptosis has been largely analyzed in the testis. Nevertheless, the epididymis has been scarcely studied. We analyzed the number of apoptotic cells in the different regions (caput, corpus and cauda) of the epididymis of the South American rodent Octodon degus both young and senile. Apoptosis was identified using the TUNEL method which detects in situ DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis was detected in the principal cells of the epididymal epithelium. The caput epididymis was the region more affected. The caput of young animals showed that 0.32/1000 cells were apoptotic in contrast to 5.1/1000 of senile animals. Also in the cauda epididymis apoptosis is increased with age, appearing 0.14/1000 and 3.9/1000 in young and senile animals, respectively. On the other...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Androgens; Apoptosis; Epididymis; Ageing; Heat Shock Proteins.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022004000100005
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Keeping young farmers in rural areas AgEcon
Hantos, Krisztina.
Agricultural subsidies alone cannot solve the aging problem of rural areas. In some cases enthusiasm is not enough, because a lack of financial resources prevents young farmers from launching enterprises. Isolation, lack of information and subsistence insecurity are all problems faced by young farmers, which need to be managed. It would be reasonable to extend the support scheme provided for new enterprises to also include those farms which have already been launched, but have not yet reached the size considered viable. Considering that the subsidies involve retrospective financing and that the majority of young farmers are lacking capital, increasing the amount of the advance payment would also be recommended. Young farmers could be further supported by...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Ageing; Young farmers; Agricultural education; Subsidies; Agricultural information system; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48099
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The relevance of age and nutritional status on the mating competitiveness of medfly males (Diptera: Teprhitidae) Rev. Bras. Zool.
Roriz,Alzira Kelly Passos; Joachim-Bravo,Iara Sordi.
Results of previous investigations trying to ascertain which physiological factors are more important to the mating success of medfly males are controversial. In part, this controversy owes to the fact that each factor was evaluated by an independent study using different experimental designs and populations. In the present study we compare the roles of age and nutritional status (immature and adult phases) on the mating competitiveness of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) males. Three parameters were used to evaluate the male mating success: calling behavior (pheromone emission), lek participation and copulation (ability to be chosen by a female). Females gave preference to the males that were given a high protein diet in the larval phase. By contrast,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Ageing; Ceratitis capitata; Fruit fly; Nutrition; Sexual behavior.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702013000500006
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Performance, carcass traits, meat quality and economic analysis of feedlot of young bulls fed oilseeds with and without supplementation of vitamin E R. Bras. Zootec.
Machado Neto,Otávio Rodrigues; Ladeira,Márcio Machado; Chizzotti,Mário Luiz; Jorge,André Mendes; Oliveira,Dalton Mendes de; Carvalho,José Rodolfo Reis de; Ribeiro,Julimar do Sacramento.
The objective of this research was to evaluate average daily gain (ADG), carcass traits, meat tenderness and profitability of keeping cattle fed different oilseeds and vitamin E in feedlot. A total of 40 Red Norte young bulls with initial average body weight of 339±15 kg were utilized. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The experiment lasted 84 days and experimental diets presented soybeans or cottonseeds as lipid sources associated or not to daily supplementation of 2,500 UI vitamin E per animal. The concentrate:roughage ratio was 60:40. Diets had the same amount of nitrogen (13% CP) and ether extract (6.5%). The data were analyzed by means of statistical software SAS 9.1. Neither vitamin supplementation...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Cottonseed; Ageing; Profitability; Soybean.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982012000700027
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Seed improvement by selection and invigoration Scientia Agricola
Powell,A.A..
The basis of differences in seed quality are described for two groups of crops, grain legumes and vegetables and approaches to the improvement of quality are proposed. In grain legumes the major factors affecting seed quality are imbibition damage, seed ageing and their interaction. It is proposed that use of seed vigour tests, specifically the electrical conductivity test, to identify the incidence of imbibition damage and ageing allows the selection of seed lots for sale and for use under different field conditions. Alternatively in grain legume species in which there is a genotypic influence on predisposition to imbibition damage the approach to seed improvement may lie through selection in breeding programmes. Thus identification of testa...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Grain legumes; Vegetables; Vigour; Imbibition damage; Ageing; Testa pigmentation; Invigoration treatments; Metabolic repair.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90161998000500023
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Isoenzyme activity in monitoring deterioration of Balfourodendron riedelianum seeds Agronomy
Schneider, Cristina Fernanda; Gusatto, Fabiane Cristina; Dranski, João Alexandre Lopes; Malavasi, Marlene de Matos; Malavasi, Ubirajara Contro.
  In this study, we sought to identify efficient enzymes for use in monitoring the deterioration and loss of germination of Balfourodendron riedelianum (Engler) Engler seeds. The research was conducted at the Laboratório de Tecnologia de Sementes e Mudas of the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná State, Brazil. Seeds were harvested at three collection sites and later submitted for processing, drying, initial characterization and storage in airtight packaging under controlled and uncontrolled storage conditions and uncontrolled. Tests were conducted at 0, 120, 240, and 360 days using a germination test, germination speed index, accelerated ageing test and the activity of peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: 5.02.01.04-2 ivory wood; Ageing; Physiological quality; Enzymatic activity. Sementes Florestais.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/39347
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Isoenzyme activity in monitoring deterioration of Balfourodendron riedelianum seeds Agronomy
Schneider, Cristina Fernanda; Gusatto, Fabiane Cristina; Dranski, João Alexandre Lopes; Malavasi, Marlene de Matos; Malavasi, Ubirajara Contro.
  In this study, we sought to identify efficient enzymes for use in monitoring the deterioration and loss of germination of Balfourodendron riedelianum (Engler) Engler seeds. The research was conducted at the Laboratório de Tecnologia de Sementes e Mudas of the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná State, Brazil. Seeds were harvested at three collection sites and later submitted for processing, drying, initial characterization and storage in airtight packaging under controlled and uncontrolled storage conditions and uncontrolled. Tests were conducted at 0, 120, 240, and 360 days using a germination test, germination speed index, accelerated ageing test and the activity of peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Ivory wood; Ageing; Physiological quality; Enzymatic activity.; Sementes Florestais.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/39347
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