SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Nord, Mark; Hopwood, Heather.

The cost of “enough food,” estimated from the amount that low- and medium-income households in a geographic area report needing to spend to just meet their food needs, differs substantially across States and among metropolitan areas. In areas with high food costs, many food-stamp recipients are likely to have inadequate food resources to support healthy food choices.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59429

Linking Policies for Biodiversity Conservation with Advances in Behavioral Economics

Tisdell, Clement A..

Global biodiversity loss and its consequences for human welfare and sustainable development have become major concerns. Economists have, therefore, given increasing attention to the policy issues involved in the management of genetic resources. To do so, they often apply empirical methods developed in behavioral and experimental economics to estimate economic values placed on genetic resources. This trend away from almost exclusive dependence on axiomatic methods is welcomed. However, major valuation methods used in behavioral economics raise new scientific challenges. Possibly the most important of these include deficiencies in the knowledge of the public (and researchers) about genetic resources, implications for the formation of values of supplying...

Do Environmental Interventions Impact Elementary School Students’ Lunchtime Milk Selection?

Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Behavioral economics; Contingent valuation; Experimental economics; Travel cost method.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55087

Knowledge and the Valuation of Public Goods and Experiential Commodities: Information Provision and Acquisition

Waite, Alexandra; Goto, Keiko; Chan, Kenny; Giovanni, Maria; Wolff, Cindy.

This research examines whether environmentally based intervention strategies increase elementary students’ selection of white milk. At intervention school one, white milk was easily accessible, but students had to ask for chocolate milk. As an outcome, students increased their selection of white milk compared to control school students (p≤0.001). At intervention school two, the visual cue of a threefold greater quantity of white compared to chocolate milk did not significantly alter selection patterns. This research indicates that requiring students to ask for an item rather than self-serve can help modify food selections and serve as a tool for obesity prevention.

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Milk consumption; School lunch; Behavioral economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; A12; I10.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123513

Tisdell, Clement A..

Provides empirical evidence of significant lack of relevant knowledge of some public goods and experiential commodities. It also analyses whether information provision about the attributes or characteristics of commodities is likely to result in individuals’ finding their ‘true’ preferences for these, and identifies the type and nature of information that should be conveyed to enable commodities to be appropriately valued. It also recognizes that sometimes commodities may contain attributes that individuals are unable to evaluate. Furthermore, individuals acquire and filter information about commodities. Factors influencing these activities require analysis. A cost-benefit analysis of information acquisition suggests that individuals are less likely to...

Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices? An Economic Perspective

Palavras-chave: Behavioral economics; Contingent evaluation; Experiential commodities; Information; Knowledge; Public choice; Public goods; Nature conservation; Valuation; Public Economics.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90545

Guthrie, Joanne F.; Andrews, Margaret S.; Frazao, Elizabeth; Leibtag, Ephraim S.; Lin, Biing-Hwan; Mancino, Lisa; Nord, Mark; Prell, Mark A.; Smallwood, David M.; Variyam, Jayachandran N.; Ver Ploeg, Michele.

Food stamp recipients, like other Americans, struggle with nutrition problems associated with choice of foods, as well as amounts. This series of Economic Information Bulletins compiles evidence to help answer the question of whether the Food Stamp Program can do more to improve the food choices of participants. It examines the role of affordability and price of healthful foods in influencing food choices and the likely success of any policy targeted at changing food choices through food stamp bonuses or restrictions. It also examines other approaches to changing food choices, including nutrition education and potential strategies drawn from behavioral economics literature. Meaningful improvements in the diets of food stamp recipients will likely depend on...

Tipo: Report

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59417

Incorporating Fairness Motives into the Impulse Balance Equilibrium and Quantal Response Equilibrium Concepts: An Application to 2x2 Games

Tavoni, Alessandro.

Substantial evidence has accumulated in recent empirical works on the limited ability of the Nash equilibrium to rationalize observed behavior in many classes of games played by experimental subjects. This realization has led to several attempts aimed at finding tractable equilibrium concepts which perform better empirically; one such example is the impulse balance equilibrium (Selten, Chmura, 2008), which introduces a psychological reference point to which players compare the available payoff allocations. This paper is concerned with advancing two new, empirically sound, concepts: equity-driven impulse balance equilibrium (EIBE) and equity-driven quantal response equilibrium (EQRE): both introduce a distributive reference point to the corresponding...

What's Psychology Worth? A Field Experiment in the Consumer Credit Market

Palavras-chave: Fairness; Inequity aversion; Aspiration level; Impulse balance; Quantal Response; Behavioral economics; Experimental economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C72; C91; D01; D63.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50740

Bertrand, Marianne; Karlan, Dean S.; Mullainathan, Sendhil; Shafir, Eldar; Zinman, Jonathan.

Numerous laboratory studies report on behaviors inconsistent with rational economic models. How much do these inconsistencies matter in natural settings, when consumers make large, real decisions and have the opportunity to learn from experiences? We report on a field experiment designed to address this question. Incumbent clients of a lender in South Africa were sent letters offering them large, short-term loans at randomly chosen interest rates. Psychological features on the letter, which did not affect offer terms or economic content, were also independently randomized. Consistent with standard economics, the interest rate significantly affected loan take-up. Inconsistent with standard economics, the psychological features also significantly affected...

Could Behavioral Economics Help Improve Diet Quality for Nutrition Assistance Program Participants?

Palavras-chave: Behavioral economics; Psychology; Microfinance; Marketing; Field experiment; Credit markets; Consumer/Household Economics; D01; C93; D12; D21; D81; D91; M37; O12.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28441

Just, David R.; Mancino, Lisa; Wansink, Brian.

Findings from behavioral and psychological studies indicate that people regularly and predictably behave in ways that contradict some standard assumptions of economic analysis. Recognizing that consumption choices are determined by factors other than prices, income, and information illuminates a broad array of strategies to influence consumers’ food choices. These strategies expand the list of possible ideas for improving the diet quality and health of participants in the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Food Stamp Program; the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); and the National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Behavioral economics; Food consumption; Obesity; Food stamps; National School Lunch Program; Nutrition assistance; WIC; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6391

Behavioral Economic Concepts To Encourage Healthy Eating in School Cafeterias: Experiments and Lessons From College Students

Just, David R.; Wansink, Brian; Mancino, Lisa; Guthrie, Joanne F..

Changing small factors that influence consumer choice may lead to healthier eating within controlled settings, such as school cafeterias. This report describes a behavioral experiment in a college cafeteria to assess the effects of various payment options and menu selection methods on food choices. The results indicate that payment options, such as cash or debit cards, can significantly affect food choices. College students using a card that prepaid only for healthful foods made more nutritious choices than students using either cash or general debit cards. How and when individuals select their food can also influence food choices. College students who preselected their meals from a menu board made significantly different food choices than students who...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Behavioral economics; Healthy eating; Diet quality; Food choices; School meal programs; Experimental economics; ERS; USDA.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56489

Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices? An Economic Perspective-Nutrition Information: Can It Improve the Diets of Low-Income Households?

Guthrie, Joanne F.; Variyam, Jayachandran N..

The Food Stamp Nutrition Education (FSNE) component of the Food Stamp Program is intended to improve the food choices, diet quality, and health of program participants. This brief discusses the FSNE program, how it operates, and how it has grown over time. The brief also considers the challenges of nutrition education in general and discusses the research and evaluation needs suggested by the findings.

Tipo: Report

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59434

Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices? An Economic Perspective-Stretching the Food Stamp Dollar: Regional Price Differences Affect Affordability of Food

Transcending the Limitations of Environmental Economic Framing: Toward a Metaeconomics of Environmental Choice

Leibtag, Ephraim S..

Significant regional differences in food prices affect how far food stamp benefits can go toward enhancing the diet of low-income consumers in a given region. In regions where average food prices exceed the national average, food stamp benefits may not provide the same level of coverage as the same benefit would in below-average-price regions. This report measures average prices paid across U.S. regions. Results show that a household made up of a family of four in the East or West could spend $32-$48 more per month for a similar amount of food than the average U.S. household, whereas a household in the South and Midwest could spend $12-28 less per month than the average U.S. household.

Tipo: Report

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59428

Czap, Natalia V.; Czap, Hans J.; Khachaturyan, Marianna; Lynne, Gary D.; Burbach, Mark E..

This paper further tests dual interest theory and the metaeconomics approach to environmental choice, recognizing a possible role for empathy-sympathy (the basis for an internalized, shared other-interest) in tempering and conditioning the more fundamental tendency to pursue self-interest. To test, we focus on rivers flowing through agricultural areas carrying sediments, chemicals, and fertilizers which are making their way into downstream rivers and lakes. We use data from a framed experiment. Farmers decide on the usage of conservation technology to lessen impacts on the water quality in downstream areas, which is more costly. The results confirm our hypotheses, demonstrating that upstream farmers who practice conservation are tempering profit...

Empathy Conditioned Conservation: "Walking-in-the-Shoes-of-Others" as a Conservation Farmer

Palavras-chave: Dual-interest model; Metaeconomics; Empathy; Sympathy; Selfism; Environmental experiment; Behavioral economics; Water quality; Conservation tillage; Conservation policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C9; D03; Q25; Q53; Q57..

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102866

Sheeder, Robert; Lynne, Gary D..

Since the destruction and despair caused by the dust bowl of the 1930’s, Americans and their government have taken a keen interest in natural resource conservation policy on agricultural land. The Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936 was the first farm bill to include provisions that provided payments to farmers willing to employ soil conservation measures (Cain and Lovejoy, 2004). While the main purpose of this bill was to provide financial support to impoverished farmers, the fact remains that natural resource conservation was starting to become an important issue for the American public. Over time, conservation titles in the farm bill have evolved into legislation that protects several resources, including surface water. Expenditures...

MODIFYING THE NEO-CLASSICAL APPROACH TO TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION WITH BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE MODELS

Palavras-chave: Behavioral economics; Empathy. Dual motives; Dual Interests; Shared Other-interest; Self-interest; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49266

APPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL THEORY

Lynne, Gary D..

The dualistic nature of humans has been recognized for centuries. The intriguing question is the extent to which the human being with her/his display of concern for others can simultaneously act as an egoist, the latter being descriptive of the homo oeconomicus rendition of the human. Multiple utility theory suggests a way to approach research on such issues. A test case of water conserving technology adaptation behavior by Florida growers is examined. Empirical evidence supports moving toward an expanded version of the mono-utility or I-utility model to include a We-utility.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Behavioral economics; Conservation technology; Meta-preferences; Multiple utility; Socioeconomics; Technology adoption; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 1995

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15322

Schmid, A. Allan; Robison, Lindon J..

Experiments and studies were conducted to investigate the role of social capital. Social capital (relationship to others) is a productive asset which is a substitute for and complement to other productive assets. The productivity of social capital leads to the expectation that firms and individuals invest in relationships. Data were collected to answer the following questions: Does the identity (relationship) of trading partners affect selling and buying prices; the acceptance of catastrophic risk; the choice of share or cash leases in agriculture; loan approval; and the banks investment to retain customers? The evidence is in the affirmative.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Behavioral economics; Institutional economics; Social capital; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.

Ano: 1995

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15352

ASYMMETRY IN RAW MILK SAFETY PERCEPTIONS AND INFORMATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK IN FRESH PRODUCE MARKETING AND POLICY

Knutson, Ronald D.; Currier, Russell W.; Ribera, Luis A.; Goeringer, L. Paul.

Scientific evidence clearly indicates that consumption of raw milk carries substantial disease-inducing health risks. While federal U.S. policy mandates that milk moving in interstate commerce be pasteurized; within 41 of 50 states, raw milk can be obtained for consumption. Warning labels notwithstanding, a segment of U.S. consumers pays higher prices for higher-risk raw milk than for either organic or conventional milk. The behavioral factors leading to raw milk consumption are explored. The paternalistic regulatory options for reducing the risk associated with drinking raw milk are identified. Implications for fresh produce sold directly from farms to consumers or through farmers markets are drawn.

Behavioral Economics: A New Heavy weight in Washington?

Palavras-chave: Raw milk; Pasteurization; Health risks; Behavioral economics; Bounded rationality; Paternalistic regulations; Public health; HACCP; GLOBALG.A.P.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; A12; A13; A14; D11; D18; D46; D71; D78; D82; I18; K23; K32; Q11; Q18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116440

Cash, Sean B.; Schroeter, Christiane.

Honorable Mention, Outstanding Choices Article Award, 2011

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Obesity; Diet; Nutrition; Behavioral economics; Food policy; Health promotion; Consumer/Household Economics; I12; I18; C9.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95755

How Smart Should Farms Be Modeled? Behavioral Foundation of Bidding Strategies in Agent-Based Land Market Models

Kellermann, Konrad; Balmann, Alfons.

Land markets play a crucial role in agricultural structural change. Because the dynamics of structural change and land markets, respectively, mainly depend on the interactions between individual farms, agent-based modeling (ABM) has been established as a tool for understanding and explaining structural change and land market dynamics. This is particularly so because of ABM's ability to capture heterogeneity, non-convexity and dynamics. Unfortunately, the behavioral foundation of economic actors in ABM, i.e., of the farms, is often specified as ad hoc or simply based on "expert knowledge". In this contribution, the highly-detailed ABM AgriPoliS - which uses a myopic normative behavioral foundation - is coupled with a genetic algorithm (GA) to detect market...

Behavioral Economics, Food Assistance, and Obesity

Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; Genetic algorithms; Land markets; Behavioral economics; Land Economics/Use; Q12; C6.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25446