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Fixations of the HIV-1 env gene refute neutralism: New evidence for pan-selective evolution Biol. Res.
Valenzuela,Carlos Y; Flores,Sergio V; Cisternas,Javier.
We examined 103 nucleotide sequences of the HIV-1 env gene, sampled from 35 countries and tested: I) the random (neutral) distribution of the number of nucleotide changes; II) the proportion of bases at molecular equilibrium; III) the neutral expected homogeneity of the distribution of new fxated bases; IV) the hypothesis of the neighbor infuence on the mutation rates in a site. The expected random number of fxations per site was estimated by Bose-Einstein statistics, and the expected frequencies of bases by matrices of mutation-fxation rates. The homogeneity of new fxations was analyzed using χ2 and trinomial tests for homogeneity. Fixations of the central base in trinucleotides were used to test the neighbor infuence on base substitutions....
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Bose-Einstein distribution; Fxations; HIV-1 env gene; Neutral evolution; Pan-selective evolution.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602010000200002
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Finite size scaling in the local abundances of geographic populations Biol. Res.
Abades,Sebastián R; Marquet,Pablo A.
We analyzed the statistical distribution of intra-specific local abundances for a set North American breeding bird species. We constructed frequency plots for every species and found that they showed long-tail power-law behavior, truncated at an upper abundance cut-off value. Based on finite size scaling arguments, we investigated whether frequency curves may be considered scaled copies of each other. Data collapse was possible after taking powers of the total abundance of each species, in order to correct deviations from the underlying universal finite size scaling function (UFSS). The UFSS power law exponent oscillated in time within the regime of unbounded variance, which is consistent with the wild fluctuations that characterize ecological phenomena....
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Finite size scaling; Geographic population; Data collapse; Truncated power-law; Bose-Einstein distribution; Scaling.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602011000100013
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Non-random pre-transcriptional evolution in HIV-1: a refutation of the foundational conditions for neutral evolution Genet. Mol. Biol.
Valenzuela,Carlos Y.
The complete base sequence of HIV-1 virus and GP120 ENV gene were analyzed to establish their distance to the expected neutral random sequence. An especial methodology was devised to achieve this aim. Analyses included: a) proportion of dinucleotides (signatures); b) homogeneity in the distribution of dinucleotides and bases (isochores) by dividing both segments in ten and three sub-segments, respectively; c) probability of runs of bases and No-bases according to the Bose-Einstein distribution. The analyses showed a huge deviation from the random distribution expected from neutral evolution and neutral-neighbor influence of nucleotide sites. The most significant result is the tremendous lack of CG dinucleotides (p < 10-50), a selective trait of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Non-random evolution; HIV-1; Bose-Einstein distribution; Pre-transcriptional evolution; Non-random sequences.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572009000100025
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