SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Bulut, Harun; Lawrence, John D..

Based on an econometric analysis of the data obtained from a survey of meat plants ( ) in Iowa in summer 2007, this paper identifies the factors impacting the meat plants’ voluntary adoption of forward and backward traceability activities. The results suggest that the ownership type (corporate versus independent) and operations type (slaughtering versus not) matter rather than the size and meat type produced (beef, pork, or poultry) as suggested in the previous surveys. Furthermore, food safety activities appear to be complementary to traceability activities. The findings may assist ongoing regulatory efforts in implementing traceability in U.S. in the near future.

A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Compliance with an International Environmental Agreement on an Open Access Resource

Palavras-chave: Country of origin labeling; Food safety; Multiple imputation method; National animal identification system; Ordered logistic regression; Quality assurances; Traceability; Agribusiness; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; Q13; Q18; C21; C35.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6135

Borsky, Stefan; Raschky, Paul A..

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the role of intergovernmental relations on a country's effort to enforce the objectives of an international environmental agreement on an open access resource. Intergovernmental interaction allows signatory countries to observe compliance behavior of other signees and to punish non-compliance by applying bi- and multilateral sanctions. We use a cross-sectional dataset that contains country level information about compliance with Article 7 of the 1995 UN Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Our identification strategy combines a spatial autoregressive model with spatial autoregressive disturbances and an instrumental variable approach. We find a strong positive effect of other countries' compliance on the...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: International environmental agreements; Open access resources; Spatial econometrics; Environmental Economics and Policy; C21; F53; Q22.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124425

PRIMARY DETERMINANTS AND THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CORRUPTION

Ortega, David L.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Delbecq, Benoit A..

This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of corruption and its primary economic and political determinants. Economic freedom and development are found to lower incidences of corruption. Of notable significance, this study finds empirical evidence of a non-linear relationship between a country’s level of democracy and corruption. Extreme authoritarian regimes are found to have lower corruption levels than hybrid regimes, but past a certain threshold democracy inhibits corruption. More importantly the analysis in this paper finds that the economic and political actions of a country have a significant impact on corruption levels worldwide.

THE INFLUENCES OF AVIAN INFLUENZA, BSE, AND H1N1 INFLUENZA ON ATTITUDINAL CHANGES IN MEAT SAFETY ISSUES

Palavras-chave: Corruption; Spatial econometrics; Economic freedom; Political democracy; Political Economy; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; D73; H11.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101395

Hsu, Jane Lu; Liu, Kang Ernest; Lee, Hwang-Jaw; Huang, Min-Hsin; Hung, Kelsey Jing-Ru.

Consumption patterns for chicken and eggs have changed since the outbreak of the H5N1 avian influenza (AI) throughout the world, but its potential impact on demand has not been thoroughly unveiled. Our study examines some important factors influencing behavioral changes and estimates their marginal effects by employing the censored regression model to survey data in Taiwan. Results showed that risk perceptions, overall knowledge and some socio-demographic characteristics were profound in determining changes in consumption of chicken and eggs. Public health education programs informing consumers about the AI threat may reduce their negative perceptions; therefore, consumption of chicken and eggs would not be decreased significantly enough to damage related...

Agglomeration, Spatial Interaction and Convergence in the EU

Palavras-chave: Avian influenza; Knowledge; Risk perceptions; Censored regression model; Taiwan; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; C21; D12; M30.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116405

Brauninger, Michael; Niebuhr, Annekatrin.

We investigate the convergence process among EU regions between 1980-2002 taking into account the effects of spatial heterogeneity and spatial spillover effects. The spatial regimes model allows for different steady-state growth paths. In contrast to previous analyses, the regimes in this paper refer to spatial categories, i.e. we assume that agglomerations, urbanised and rural regions are characterised by group-specific steadystates. Moreover, the regression analysis considers the effects of interaction among neighbouring regions, possibly leading to a spatial dependence of regional growth rates. We check whether spatial dependence is caused by spatial spillovers or based on country effects.

El índice CONEAT como medida de productividad y valor de la tierra.

Palavras-chave: Convergence; Agglomeration; European Union; Spatial econometrics; Quantile regression; International Development; C21; O52; R11.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26150

Lanfranco, Bruno A.; Sapriza, Gonzalo.

El objetivo de la presente investigación es cuantificar el impacto del índice de productividad CONEAT sobre los precios pagados por los inmuebles rurales en el Uruguay. El índice CONEAT intenta expresar la relación entre la capacidad de producción de un predio, medida en términos de carne y lana, y las unidades de suelo que lo componen. La ventaja de su uso radica en su fácil comprensión por parte de los agentes. La principal crítica es que utiliza exclusivamente parámetros de producción ganadera que hacen cuestionable su uso cuando se comparan inmuebles con otras aptitudes productivas. Sin embargo, aun se lo utiliza frecuentemente para tasar inmuebles rurales o comparar productividad entre inmuebles. Para estimar el valor monetario implícito que los...

Tipo: Book

Palavras-chave: Hedonic prices; Product differentiation; Land productivity; Demand and Price Analysis; Land Economics/Use; C21; Q24.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121684

Regional Distribution of Short-Run, Medium-Run and Long-Run Quota Rents Across EU-15 Milk Producers

Moro, Daniele; Nardella, Michele; Sckokai, Paolo.

This paper evaluates the distribution of short- and long-run marginal costs and quota rents across the EU-15 milk producers, by estimating a system of cost and input share equations on a panel data of dairy farms from 1996 to 2001. Regional and geographical location and the size of milk operations have been considered as the major factors affecting marginal costs. The results on quota rents highlights that Italian and Greek dairy farmers receive the highest economic rent (260 €/ton), while in Portugal the lowest (101 €/Kg) at least in the short-run. This is an indication that Italian and Greek milk supply would be the least 'sensitive' to a reduction in the intervention price. Several countries show negative long-run quota rents, indicating that in the...

Poverty Mapping in Rural Syria for Enhanced Targeting

Palavras-chave: Dairy; Quota rents; Marginal costs; Livestock Production/Industries; C21; Q13; Q18.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24615

Szonyi, Judit A.; de Pauw, Eddy; La Rovere, Roberto; Aw-Hassan, Aden.

Poverty maps allow assessing the well-being of rural population in a spatial context and identifying poverty hotspots. The maps can be used for regional policy analysis as they help in identifying areas where the rural poor live and where rural poverty is determined by the endowment and quality of natural resources and by population pressure. Natural resource endowment was assessed in the study by calculating an Agricultural Resource Index based on the availability of different major agricultural resources. Income per-capita was calculated by using census data, adjusted by the rural population density. The results show that the better income areas of Syria are located in the irrigated or higher-rainfall areas, but lower-income pockets exist due to the...

Peer Effects and Textbooks in Primary Education: Evidence from Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa

Palavras-chave: Poverty maps; Resource endowment; Agricultural income distribution; GIS; Syria; Food Security and Poverty; C21; C8; D3; I3; R0.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25564

Frolich, Markus; Michaelowa, Katharina.

As opposed to many other school inputs, textbooks have frequently been demonstrated to significantly foster student achievement. Using the rich data set provided by the 'Program on the Analysis of Education Systems' (PASEC) for five francophone, sub-Saharan African countries, this paper goes beyond the estimation of direct effects of textbooks on students' learning and focuses on peer effects resulting from textbooks owned by students' classmates. Applying and extending nonparametric estimation methods from the treatment evaluation literature we separate the direct effect of textbooks from their peer effect. The latter clearly dominates but depends upon the initial level of textbook availability.

Parametric and Non-Parametric Estimation of Soil Conservation Impact on Productivity in the Northwestern Ethiopian Highlands

Palavras-chave: Primary education; Student achievement; Evaluation; Nonparametric estimation; Labor and Human Capital; C14; C21; O15.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26262

Kassie, Menale; Holden, Stein T..

The impact of fanya juu bunds on productivity in a high rainfall area in the Ethiopian highlands is analyzed based on data from a cross section household survey with multiple plot observations per household. The results from parametric and non-parametric analysis indicated that productivity from conserved plots was lower than from non-conserved plots. The Oaxaca-Blinder productivity decomposition results showed that there was little difference in plot characteristics between conserved and non-conserved plots, however the returns to those characteristics were higher for non-conserved plots. The sensitivity analysis, increasing fodder grass production on bunds, suggests that there are possibilities to make conserved plots as productive as non-conserved ones....

EU Dairy Sector: Impact of Luxemburg Reform, EU Enlargement and Trade Negotiations

Palavras-chave: Yield decomposition; Soil conservation; Switching regression; Stochastic dominance analysis; Matching methods; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; C21; C23; Q12; Q15; Q16.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25281

Bouamra-Mechemache, Zohra; Ali-Kein, Hela Hadj; Jongeneel, Roelof A.; Tonini, Axel; Requillart, Vincent.

The EU dairy sector is facing a period of significant changes that are due to three major decisions: the EU enlargement, the Luxembourg reform and on-going WTO negotiations. To evaluate the impact of such changes we developed a model of the EU and world dairy industry. The model is composed of two modules that interact: a milk and beef supply module and a dairy industry module. In this paper we present the model and focus on elements that are crucial for a better understanding of the impact of reforms: quota rents in the EU, evolution of production in the new member states and trade policy.

Will Small-Scale Dairy Producers in Kenya Disappear Due to Economies of Scale in Production?

Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Dairy industry; Partial equilibrium model; International Relations/Trade; C21; Q13; Q18.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24581

Omiti, John M.; Wanyoike, F.; Staal, Steven J.; Delgado, Christopher L.; Njoroge, L..

There is growing policy concern regarding the competitiveness of small-scale livestock production in the wake of the contemporary livestock revolution in many developing countries. In Kenya, this debate has focused on economies of scale and the undue influence of policy distortions on promoting the scaling up of dairy farms. This paper seeks to investigate economies of scale in Kenyan dairy in terms of relative profit efficiency at different levels of output, and identify policy and technology options to help small-scale farmers develop solutions to the challenges of competition. Data were collected from 204 dairy producers of different farm sizes in rural Kiambu and Thika, and urban Nairobi districts and a stochastic frontier model approach was used to...

Residential Water Consumption: A Cross Country Analysis

Palavras-chave: Dairy Production; Stochastic Production Frontier; Efficiency; Profitability; Livestock Production/Industries; C21; Q12.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25674

Bounds on Quantile Treatment Effects of Job Corps on Participants' Wages

Grafton, R. Quentin; Kompas, Tom; To, Hang; Ward, Michael B..

Survey data from over 1,600 households in ten countries were used to analyse the determinants of residential water demand. Results show that in every country the price elasticity is negative and statistically significant. Households that do not have to pay for the water they use (volumetric water charges) consume about a third more water than similar households that do have to pay such charges. Consumers’ attitudes do not have a statistically significant effect on total water use, although they do increase the probability of households using some water saving behaviours. Volumetric water charges also have an impact on the adoption of water saving actions. Full-cost water pricing appears to be a highly effective instrument to manage residential water...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Water demand; Water consumption; Water pricing; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C21; Q25; Q50.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94823

Blanco, German; Flores, Carlos A.; Flores-Lagunes, Alfonso.

This paper assesses the effect of the U.S. Job Corps (JC), the nation's largest and most comprehensive job training program targeting disadvantaged youths, on wages. We employ partial identification techniques and construct informative nonparametric bounds for the causal effect of interest under weaker assumptions than those conventionally used for point identification of treatment effects in the presence of sample selection. In addition, we propose and estimate bounds on quantile treatment effects of the program on participants' wages. In general, we find convincing evidence of positive impacts of JC on participants' wages. Importantly, we find that estimated impacts on lower quantiles of the distribution are higher, with the highest impact being in the...

The Impact of Social Capital on Economic Performance of Agricultural Producers in the Czech Republic

Palavras-chave: Job Corps; Nonparametric Bounds; Principal Stratification; Active Labor Market Programs.; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; J24; J68; C14; C21.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103761

Wolz, Axel; Fritzsch, Jana; Pencakova, Jitka.

In the Czech Republic, agricultural production is still dominated by corporate farms. Private farms have been established since the change of the political regime, but their role is not that relevant as originally anticipated. Among both groups, some have been economically more successful than others. In general, a varying adoption of pr oduction factors is identified as being of influence. Whether their ability to collaborate with other farms is an additional factor which has been discussed under the concept of social capital since quite some time will be analyzed in this paper. Based on the findings of a survey among a sample of 62 farms by adopting factor and multiple regression analysis it can be deduced that social capital is indeed a significant...

Growth and Technological Leadership in US Industries: A Spatial Econometric Analysis at the State Level, 1963-1997

Palavras-chave: Corporate farms; Private farms; Social capital; Cross sectional models; Czech Republic; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C21; P0; Q12; Z13.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25767

Pede, Valerien O.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; de Groot, Henri L.F..

For several decades, cross-country analyses have dominated the literature on economic growth. Recently, these analyses have been extended to include sectoral variation as well as spatial variation across sub-national regions. This paper investigates economic growth and potential determinants of the process of catch-up to technology leaders for several economic sectors, using data for the lower 48 US states from 1963 through 1997. We analyze the potential influence of factors such as human capital, and geographical distance to the technology leader. A spatially explicit growth model in which technological progress is endogenously determined is used to model productivity growth in nine US industries, ranging from mining to government, and including a...

Market Access and Regional Disparities: New Economic Geography in Europe

Palavras-chave: Regional economic growth; Convergence; Industry level; Technological leadership; Spatial econometrics; Industrial Organization; C21; I23; O33; R12.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9691

Niebuhr, Annekatrin.

New Economic Geography (NEG) has reached a theoretical consolidation while related empirical tests are still scarce. The present paper aims at providing some evidence on the validity of forces emphasised by NEG. The analysis starts from the nominal wage equation derived from the Krugman "core-periphery model" and focuses on one of the main propositions of NEG that access advantages raise factor prices. The paper investigates the significance of market access for regional wages and the geographic extent of demand linkages for a cross section of European regions, also taking into account the effects of national borders. The regression analysis covers the period between 1985 and 2000. The results are consistent with the implication of NEG that demand linkages...

Public greenspace and life satisfaction in urban Australia

Palavras-chave: New economic geography; Market access; Europe; International Relations/Trade; C21; F12; R12.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26148

Ambrey, Christopher L.; Fleming, Christopher M..

This paper examines the influence of public greenspace on the life satisfaction of residents of Australia’s capital cities. A positive relationship is found between the percentage of public greenspace in a resident’s local area and their self-reported life satisfaction. On average, it is found that a resident has an implicit willingness-to-pay of $1,168 in annual household income for a one per cent (143m2) increase in public greenspace. The relationship between public greenspace and life satisfaction however, is non-linear. Additional results suggest that the value of greenspace increases with population density and that lone parents, the less educated and those living in high rise dwellings benefit to a greater extent from the provision of public...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Happiness; Household; Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA); Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Greenspace; Life Satisfaction; Non-market Valuation.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C21; Q51; R20.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124302

Interlinked Transactions in Cash Cropping Economies: The Determinants of Farmer Participation and Performance in the Zambezi River Valley of Mozambique

Benfica, Rui M.S.; Tschirley, David L.; Boughton, Duncan.

This paper investigates the determinants of participation and performance of tobacco contract farmers, and the effects of participation on overall crop and household incomes in the Zambezi Valley of Mozambique. We test the existence of threshold effects in land holdings and educational attainment to identify the types of farmers that benefit. Several results stand out. First, participation in the schemes is driven by factor endowments, asset ownership and alternative income opportunities, and very little by demographic factors. Second, we find no returns to education in tobacco; this result is consistent with previous research in Mozambique but surprising in an agronomically demanding crop like tobacco. Third, there appear to be economies of scale in...

Rice Production Response in Cambodia

Palavras-chave: Contract farming; Selection bias; Treatment effects; Threshold effects; Household income.; Crop Production/Industries; C21; D1; L1; J43; Q12.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25244

Yu, Bingxin; Fan, Shenggen.

This paper analyzes how Cambodian farmers and the government can respond to the rise of rice price. The study estimates rice production response in Cambodia using the Cambodia Socio-Economic Surveys (CSES) conducted in 2004 and 2007. The results indicate that agricultural productivity is far from its potential and can be increased substantially by using modern technology and inputs such as fertilizers and irrigation. Our findings also suggest that the Cambodian government needs to design its investment strategy to relax constraints in rural infrastructure such as transportation and electricity in order to increase its agricultural production and productivity and boost farmers’ income.