SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Johannsen, Julia; Zeller, Manfred.

The measurement of per capita daily expenditures which are compared with a monetary poverty line is the most widely used approach regarding poverty assessment. It is, however, based on the implementation of time and cost-intensive household surveys and, therefore, not an operational method for targeting poor households with development services. The paper shows how to identify an alternative poverty assessment tool for Peru. It consists of a maximum of 15 powerful predictors of per-capita household expenditures selected out of a wide range of indicators from different poverty dimensions such as education, assets and housing characteristics. By applying the maximizing-R-squared regression technique to identify the best 5 to 15 predictors, we avoid an...

Systems Analysis by Graph-theoretic Techniques: Assessment of Institutional Linkages in the Agricultural Innovation System of Azerbaijan

Palavras-chave: Poverty indicators; Targeting; Expenditure predictions; Percent point function; Peru; Food Security and Poverty; I3; C8.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25492

Temel, Tugrul T.; Janssen, Willem; Karimov, Fuad.

This paper develops a quantitative, graph-theoretic method for analysing systems of institutions. With an application to the agricultural innovation system of Azerbaijan, the method is illustrated in detail. An assessment of existing institutional linkages in the system suggests that efforts should be placed on the development of intermediary institutions to facilitate quick and effective flow of knowledge between the public and the private components of the system. Furthermore, significant accomplishments are yet to come in policy-making, research and education, and credit institutions.

Poverty Mapping in Rural Syria for Enhanced Targeting

Palavras-chave: Graph theory; Systems approach; Agricultural innovation system; Azerbaijan.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q2; C8.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24845

Szonyi, Judit A.; de Pauw, Eddy; La Rovere, Roberto; Aw-Hassan, Aden.

Poverty maps allow assessing the well-being of rural population in a spatial context and identifying poverty hotspots. The maps can be used for regional policy analysis as they help in identifying areas where the rural poor live and where rural poverty is determined by the endowment and quality of natural resources and by population pressure. Natural resource endowment was assessed in the study by calculating an Agricultural Resource Index based on the availability of different major agricultural resources. Income per-capita was calculated by using census data, adjusted by the rural population density. The results show that the better income areas of Syria are located in the irrigated or higher-rainfall areas, but lower-income pockets exist due to the...

Simulating Multivariate Distributions with Sparse Data: A Kernal Density Smoothing Procedure

Palavras-chave: Poverty maps; Resource endowment; Agricultural income distribution; GIS; Syria; Food Security and Poverty; C21; C8; D3; I3; R0.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25564

Lien, Gudbrand D.; Hardaker, J. Brian; Richardson, James W..

Often analysts must conduct risk analysis based on a small number of observations. This paper describes and illustrates the use of a kernel density estimation procedure to smooth out irregularities in such a sparse data set for simulating univariate and multivariate probability distributions.

Taking a New Look at Empirical Models of Adoption: Average Treatment Effect Estimation of Adoption Rates and their Determinants

Palavras-chave: Stochastic simulation; Smoothing; Multivariate kernel estimator; Parzen; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q12; C8.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25449

Diagne, Aliou.

This paper shows that the observed sample adoption rate does not consistently estimate the population adoption rate even if the sample is random. It is proved that instead the sample adoption rate is a consistent estimate of the population joint exposure and adoption rate, which does not inform about adoption per se. Likewise, it is shown that a model of adoption with observed adoption outcome as dependent variable and where exposure to the technology is not observed and controlled for cannot yield consistent estimates of the determinants of adoption. Such model can at best provide consistent estimates of the effects of the included explanatory variables on joint exposure and adoption. Even for that to be possible, the model must be explicitly specified as...

Changing Attitudes: Does Personal Experience Matter? A Structural Equilibrium Equation Modeling Approach with Panel Data

Palavras-chave: Technology Adoption; Rice; NERICA; West Africa; Average Treatment Effect; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C8; O3; Q12; Q16; Q55.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25623

Tutkun, Aysel.

Conversion to particularly animal-friendly stabling (PAFS) is one of the programs for which Swiss farmers receive direct payments from the government. This conversion to PAFS is analysed within a structural equation model in order to 1) review the link between intention to convert and observed conversion behavior, 2) prove the influence of personal experience on changing attitudes and norms, after having converted. The behavior model encompasses three theoretical constructs which influence the Behaviour: Attitude toward PAFS and Subjective Norm regarding PAFS, which both affect Intention to perform PAFS. Lastly, Intention influences the Behavior, i.e. observed conversion to PAFS. These variables are available for two time points, so one can...

Determinants of Profit Efficiency Among Small Scale Rice Farmers in Nigeria: A Profit Function Approach

Palavras-chave: Attitudes; Subjective norm; Personal experience; Observed behavior; Conversion to particularly animal friendly stabling; Theory of reasoned action; Consumer/Household Economics; Livestock Production/Industries; C8; D1; Q12; Z13.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7971

Kolawole, Ogundari.

This study employs a stochastic frontier approach to examine profit efficiency of small scale rice farmers in Nigeria using farm-level survey data collected from 200 farmers in the study area. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and standard profit function. The result shows that about 60 percent of potential profit is gain due to production efficiency while the remaining can be attributed to both technical and allocative inefficiencies in the study area. Also, the result further revealed that age, educational level, farming experience and household size positively affected profit efficiency. These variables are thus important in policy formulation by government.

DEVELOPMENT OF A MARKET BENCHMARK PRICE FOR AGMAS PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS

Palavras-chave: Stochastic frontier; Profit efficiency; Small-scale; Farmers; Nigeria; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; C8; C21; Q12.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25238

Good, Darrel L.; Irwin, Scott H.; Jackson, Thomas E..

The purpose of this research report is to identify the appropriate market benchmark price to use to evaluate the pricing performance of market advisory services that are included in the annual AgMAS pricing performance evaluations. Five desirable properties of market benchmark prices are identified. Three potential specifications of the market benchmark price are considered: the average price received by Illinois farmers, the harvest cash price, and the average cash price over a two-year crop marketing window. The average cash price meets all of the desired properties, except that it would not be easily implementable by producers. It can be shown, though, that the price realized via a more manageable strategy of "spreading" sales during the marketing...

A 2004 Social Accounting Matrix for Israel: Documentation of an Economy-Wide Database with a Focus on Agriculture, the Labour Market, and Income Distribution

Palavras-chave: Advisory services; Evaluating the pricing performance; Market benchmark price; C8; C0; D4; D8; L1; M3; Q0; Z0; Marketing.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14783

Siddig, Khalid H.A.; Flaig, Dorothee; Luckmann, Jonas; Grethe, Harald.

This document describes the Israeli Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for the year 2004, developed by the Agricultural and Food Policy Group at the University of Hohenheim. The SAM is a part of a larger research project which aims to analyse several economic, trade, and labour policies in the context of economic integration of agriculture between Israel and the West Bank. Data are obtained from various sources in Israel. Sources include the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics (ICBS), the Central Bank of Israel (CBI), and the Israeli Tax Authority (ITA). Data from sources outside of Israel are used to fill-in some gaps in the domestic reports. External sources include the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and...

Marginal Productivity Analysis of Global Inter-sectoral Water Demand

Palavras-chave: SAM; IO Table; CGE; Database; Israel.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; C6; C8; D1; D3; D5; D6; E2; E6; F1; F2; H2.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110156

Strzepek, Kenneth M.; Juana, James S.; Kirsten, Johann F..

There is growing evidence that freshwater availability is declining, while competition among sectors for the withdrawal of this scarce resource is rapidly increasing,(Rosegrant et a, 2002). Therefore, the need to promote inter-sectoral water use efficiency from the demand-side management has necessitated a study to investigate the responsiveness of different productive sectors and sub-sectors to water prices. Extracting data from the GTAP and UNIDO databases and adopting the marginal productive approach by Wang and Lall (2002),and using the two-stage-least squares method, the translog production function is estimated, from which the output and price elasticities and the marginal value of water is computed for thirteen sectors. The results indicate that...

A comparison of hypothetical survey rankings with consumer shopping behavior and product knowledge

Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C21; C8; L6; L7; Q25.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25748

Grebitus, Carola; Colson, Gregory; Menapace, Luisa.

Hypothetical surveys are commonly used to elicit consumer behavior to guide product development, marketing, and labeling strategies. However, despite the prevalence of surveys in consumer food studies, previous work has not assessed the relationship between hypothetical responses and actual consumer behavior in real-world purchase situations.We explore whether attributes cited by consumers in surveys as being important to them when making decisions indeed factor into their product decision process in real-world markets. Evidence from a point of sale study of 702 pork purchasers indicates that there is a strong correspondence between hypothetical survey ratings and actual shopping behavior.

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: Attribute ranking; Consumer shopping behavior; Hypothetical surveys; Origin labeling; Pork; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; C8; C9; Q1.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120448

An Extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Technique to Logit and Probit Models

Fairlie, Robert W..

The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique is widely used to identify and quantify the separate contributions of group differences in measurable characteristics, such as education, experience, marital status, and geographical differences to racial and gender gaps in outcomes. The technique cannot be used directly, however, if the outcome is binary and the coefficients are from a logit or probit model. I describe a relatively simple method of performing a decomposition that uses estimates from a logit or probit model. Expanding on the original application of the technique in Fairlie (1999), I provide a more thorough discussion of how to apply the technique, an analysis of the sensitivity of the decomposition estimates to different parameters, and the...

Consumers' Preferences for GM Food and Voluntary Information Acquisition: A Simultaneous Choice Analysis

Palavras-chave: Logit; Probit; Decomposition; Race; Gender; Discrimination; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C8; J7.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28425

Veeman, Michele M.; Hu, Wuyang; Adamowicz, Wiktor L..

Previous research studies directed at the influence of information on consumers' preferences and choices of food in the context of genetically modified (GM) food assume that information is exogenous, in that this is provided to consumers from external sources. Information made available to consumers is also typically treated as being received and processed. Other literature and observation suggests that these two features tend not to apply in practice. Using data from a choice experiment on consumers' choices for genetically modified food in which respondents were able to voluntarily access information, this study allows information to be endogenous; consumers' product choices and information access decisions are examined within a simultaneous choice...

1997 PRICING PERFORMANCE OF MARKET ADVISORY SERVICES FOR CORN AND SOYBEANS

Palavras-chave: Genetically modified food; Information search; Multinomial logit models; Simultaneous modeling.; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q13; Q18; C8.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25786

Jackson, Thomas E.; Irwin, Scott H.; Good, Darrel L..

The purpose of this research report is to present an evaluation of advisory service pricing performance in 1997 for corn and soybeans. Specifically, the average price received by a subscriber to an advisory service is calculated for corn and soybean crops harvested in 1997. The average net advisory price across all 23 corn programs is $2.32 per bushel. The net advisory prices for corn range from a minimum of $2.00 per bushel to a maximum of $2.74 per bushel. The average net advisory price across all 21 soybean programs is $6.40 per bushel. The net advisory prices for soybeans range from a minimum of $6.08 per bushel to a maximum of $6.99 per bushel.

Modeling and Pricing Rain Risk

Palavras-chave: Evaluation of advisory services; Pricing performance; Soybeans; C8; D4; D8; L1; M3; Q0; Z0; Marketing.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14780

Musshoff, Oliver; Odening, Martin; Xu, Wei.

In this paper we price a precipitation option based on empirical weather data from Germany using different pricing methods, among them Burn Analysis, Index Value Simulation and Daily Simulation. For that purpose we develop a daily precipitation model. Moreover, a decorrelation analysis is proposed to assess the spatial basis risk that is inherent to rainfall derivatives. The models are applied to precipitation data in Brandenburg, Germany. Based on simplifying assumptions of the production function, we quantify and compare the risk exposure of grain producers with and without rainfall insurance. It turns out that a considerable risk remains with producers who are remotely located from the weather station. Another finding is that significant differences may...

Intelligent data analysis - support for development of SMEs sector

Palavras-chave: Weather risk; Weather derivatives; Precipitation model; Basis risk; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; C8; Q14; Q54.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25386

Grljevic, Olivera; Bosnjak, Sasa; Bosnjak, Zita.

The paper studies possibilities of intelligent data analysis application for discovering knowledge hidden in small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) data, on the territory of the province of Vojvodina. The knowledge revealed by intelligent analysis, and not accessible by any other means, could be the valuable starting point for working out of proactive and preventive actions for the development of the SMEs sector.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Intelligent data analysis; CRISP-DM; Clustering; Small and medium enterprises.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C8; L2.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94579

How Accurate is Participatory Wealth Ranking (PWR) in Targeting the Poor? A Case Study from Bangladesh

Zeller, Manfred; Feulefack, Joseph; Neef, Andreas.

PWR is a participatory poverty assessment method that uses the ratings of local reference groups concerning the relative poverty status of households in their community. This paper assesses the accuracy of PWR in predicting absolute (income) poverty, and compares PWR with three other poverty assessment methods. Using a village census in 8 villages located in three of the six divisions of Bangladesh, 1660 households have been scored using the PWR method. A randomly selected subsample of 320 households was interviewed with a questionnaire employing the Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS) method. The data allow the identification of households that have per-capita expenditures below the international poverty line of 1 dollar a day. Our results show that...

The Controversy of Exchange Rate Devaluation in Sudan: An Economy-wide General Equilibrium Assessment

Palavras-chave: Participatory wealth ranking; Poverty targeting; Bangladesh; LSM; Food Security and Poverty; I3; C8.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25237

Siddig, Khalid H.A..

The international Monitory Fund (IMF) has been working with Sudan since 1997 to implement macroeconomic reforms including a managed float of the exchange rate (EXR). The IMF sees the EXR flexibility as key to safeguard and rebuild foreign exchange reserves and essential to meet the international reserve target in Sudan. However, the authorities in Sudan are concerned that greater exchange rate flexibility could contribute to inflationary pressures. In addition, a review of literature focusing on the exchange rate policies in Sudan reflects huge ambiguity about its outcome. This calls for additional empirical investigations that provide economy wide assessments of the various possible scenarios that could be adopted in the Sudanese context. Accordingly,...

GALE-SHAPLEY MATCHING IN AN EVOLUTIONARY TRADE NETWORK GAME

Palavras-chave: Devaluation; Sudan; CGE analysis; Inflation; Sudanese pound; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Production Economics; A1; C6; C8; D1D5; D6E6; F1H3..

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112971

Tesfatsion, Leigh.

For a postscript copy of this paper, click <a href="/Data/isu/er43.ps"> here. </A> This study investigates the performance of Gale-Shapley matching in an evolutionary market context. Computational experimental findings are reported for an evolutionary match-and-play trade network game in which resource-constrained traders repeatedly choose and refuse trade partners in accordance with Gale-Shapley matching, participate in risky trades modelled as two-person prisoner's dilemma games, and evolve their trade behavior over time. Particular attention is focused on correlations between ex ante market structure and the formation of trade networks, and between trade network formation and the types of trade behavior and social welfare outcomes that...

Non-Participation in Choice Models: Hurdle and Latent Class Models

Palavras-chave: Evolutionary game; Gale-Shapley matching; Iterated prisoners' dilemma; Trade networks; Endogenous interactions; Agent-based computational economics; International Relations/Trade; C7; C8; C9; D8; D4.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18200

Burton, Michael P.; Rigby, Dan.

In repeated choice modelling studies, it is often the case that individuals always select the status quo option. Although these choices may reflect considered choices, they may also be the result of alternative decisions about whether to participate in the choice process at all. Alternative methods of dealing with this feature of such data are presented, with the implications for estimates of economic values. In particular we consider the alternatives of excluding such individuals from the data, using hurdle models to explicitly model this group, and consider the possibility of latent class models, that endogenously allow for difference preference structures. The application is to a stated preference choice modelling data set that investigates preferences...