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Problem Solving and Hypothesis Testing Using Economic Experiments AgEcon
Hudson, Darren.
The roots and uses of economic experiments in problem solving and hypothesis testing are explored in the present article. The literature suggests that the primary advantage of economics experiments is the ability to use controlled stimuli to test economic hypotheses. Other literature also suggests that experiments are useful in problem solving settings. The advantages and disadvantages of experiments are discussed.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Experiments; Problem solving; Hypothesis testing; C81; C91; C92; C93.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43209
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Monte Carlo Benchmarks for Discrete Response Valuation Methods AgEcon
Huang, Ju-Chin; Smith, V. Kerry.
This paper argues that the widespread belief that discrete contingent valuation (CV) questions yield substantially larger estimates of the mean (and the median) willingness to pay (WTP) for nonmarket environmental resources in comparison to estimates from open-ended CV questions is unfounded. A set of Monte Carlo experiments estimate the factors influencing the performance of WTP estimates based on discrete response models. Most of the error in the WTP estimates arises from the specification errors that are common in most of the empirical models used in the literature. These experiments suggest models based on choices where WTP is dominated by non use (or passive use) values are likely to have smaller errors than where large use values influence these...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Discrete response contingent valuation; Monte Carlo; Non-market valuation; Financial Economics; C93; D12; Q2.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10546
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How appropriate are myopic optimization models to predict decision behaviour: A comparison between agent-based models and business management games AgEcon
Appel, Franziska; Musshoff, Oliver.
Agent-based models (ABM) are used in many cases of policy assessment in agriculture. But the behavioural assumptions of these models consider farmers as myopic optimizing profit maximizers. In this contribution we compare the behaviour of myopic computer agents with the behaviour of students playing a multi period business management game. We aim to answer the question, how far are agent-based models valid to map “real” human behaviour, so that ABM can be used well for policy impact assessment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agent-based models; Business management games; Policy impact analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C63; C93; D22; Q18.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115994
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Do Natural Disasters Affect Trust/Trustworthiness? Evidence from the 2010 Chilean Earthquake AgEcon
Fleming, David A.; Chong, Alberto E.; Bejarano, Hernan D..
A series of trust games were conducted in Chile to analyze whether the past 2010 earthquake affected trust and trustworthiness in rural communities. Results show that trust levels are invariant between villages affected by the earthquake and villages not affected by this shock (control group). However, we find statistical evidence that trustworthiness has diminished in areas affected by the earthquake. Results are relevant for policy regarding aid and recovery of communities affected by these types of disasters.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Trust games; Natural disasters; Trustworthiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; C93; O13.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104522
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Participation in Off-Farm Employment, Risk Preferences, and Weather Variability: The Case of Ethiopia AgEcon
Bezabih, Mintewab; Gebreegziabher, Zenebe; GebreMedhin, Liyousew; Kohlin, Gunnar.
This article assesses the relative importance of risk preferences and rainfall availability on households’ decision to engage in off-farm employment. Devoting time for off-farm activities, while it helps households earn additional incomes, involves a number of uncertainties. Unique panel data from Ethiopia which includes experimentally generated risk preference measures combined with longitudinal rainfall data is used in the analysis. An off farm participation decision and activity choice showed that both variability and reduced availability of rainfall as well as neutral risk preferences increase the likelihood of off-farm participation. From policy perspective, the results imply that expanding off farm opportunities could act as safety nets in the face...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Off-farm employment; Labor supply; Rainfall variability/reduced availability; Risk preferences; GLLAMM; Ethiopia; Labor and Human Capital; Q13; D81; C35; C93.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95784
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Does Government Regulation Complement Existing Community Efforts to Support Cooperation? Evidence from Field Experiments in Colombia AgEcon
Lopez, Maria Claudia; Murphy, James J.; Spraggon, John M.; Stranlund, John K..
In this paper we describe a field experiment conducted among mollusk harvesters in a community on the Pacific Coast of Columbia. The experiment is based on a standard linear public good and consists of two stages. In the first stage we compare the ability of monetary and nonmonetary sanctions among community members to increase contributions to the public good. In the second stage we add a government regulation with either a high or low sanction for noncompliance to community enforcement efforts. The results for the first stage are consistent with other comparisons of monetary and nonmonetary sanctions within groups; both led to higher contributions. The results from the second stage reveal that government regulations always complemented community...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Field experiments; Public goods; Government regulation; Community enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Public Economics; C93; H41; Q2.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42128
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Households’ WTP for the Reliability of Gas Supply AgEcon
Chou, Wan-Jung; Bigano, Andrea; Hunt, Alistair; La Branche, Stephane; Markandya, Anil; Pierfederici, Roberta.
The security of natural gas supply is an important issue for all EU countries due to the region’s heavy dependence on imported supply sources and in light of energy demand for gas that is continuously increasing. Discussions have emphasised strategies for securing the supply at the macro level, e.g. diversification in supply sources, increase in storage capacity, etc. By contrast, consumers’ demand for the reliability of gas supply is rarely investigated. Hence this study was conducted to examine the economic implications associated with the security of gas supply directly to domestic consumers. Based on the choice experiment approach, household surveys were conducted in France, Italy and the UK. The results confirmed that the degree of the economic impact...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Energy Security; Gas Supply; Households; Willingness to Pay; Choice Experiment; EU; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C35; C83; C93; D12; Q41.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115740
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Risk Preferences and Demand for Insurance in Peru: A Field Experiment AgEcon
Galarza, Francisco B.; Carter, Michael R..
This paper reports the results of behavioral economic experiments conducted in Peru to examine the relationship amongst risk preferences, loan take-up, and insurance purchase decisions. This area-based yield insurance can help reduce people's vulnerability to large scale covariate shocks, and can also lower the loan default probability under extreme negative covariate shocks. In a context of collateralized formal credit markets, we provide suggestive evidence that insurance may help reduce the fear of losing collateral that prevents potential borrowers from taking loans. Framing these experiments to recreate a real life situation, we started with a Baseline Game where subjects had to choose between a fallback production project and an uninsured loan. We...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Area-yield insurance; Credit; Covariate risk; Idiosyncratic risk; Risk aversion; Experimental economics; Peru; Risk and Uncertainty; C93; D81.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61871
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Does Limited Access at School Result in Compensation at Home? The Effect of Soft Drink Bans in Schools on Purchase Patterns Outside of Schools AgEcon
Huang, Rui; Kristin, Kiesel.
This paper investigates the effects of banning soft drinks in schools on purchases outside of school. We utilize unique household-level and store-level data sources in combination with time-series and cross-sectional variation of state-level regulations in a difference-in-differences (DD) approach. We detect a decrease in the overall trend in sales, but observe this downward trend in households with and without children, as well as in states with and without regulation. Controlling for advertising allows us to further reject that leading brands intensify their advertising efforts and target children to potentially offset their reduced presence at schools. Finally, we find no evidence of substitution effects among possible beverage product alternatives. Our...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Soft drink bans; Soft drink consumption; Scanner data; Schools; Regulation; Difference-in-differences; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; D12; D18; L51; C93.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116417
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Can Information Costs Affect Consumer Choice?—Nutritional Labels in a Supermarket Experiment— AgEcon
Kiesel, Kristin; Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto.
This paper investigates whether information costs under currently regulated nutritional labeling prevent consumers from making healthier food choices. We implement five nutritional shelf label treatments in a market-level experiment. These labels reduce information costs by highlighting and summarizing information available on the Nutritional Facts Panel. Following a difference-in-differences and synthetic control method approach, we analyze weekly store-level scanner data for microwave popcorn purchases from treatment and control stores. Our results suggest that consumer purchases are affected by information costs. Implemented low calorie and no trans fat labels increase sales. In contrast, implemented low fat labels decrease sales, suggesting that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Nutritional labeling; Information cost; Scanner data; Market-level experiment; Difference-in-differences; Synthetic control method; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; C93; D01; D18; D83; L51.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116433
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THE INFLUENCE OF ATTRIBUTE CUTOFFS ON CONSUMERS’ CHOICES OF A FUNCTIONAL FOOD AgEcon
Ding, Yulian; Veeman, Michele M.; Adamowicz, Wiktor L..
This study investigates evidence of non-compensatory preferences by incorporating attribute cutoffs into the modeling of consumer choices in the context of food with health-related attributes (omega-3 content) that may be associated with fortification or may result from genetic modification (GM). Data for this study were collected through a nation-wide internet-based survey drawn from a representative panel of Canadian households maintained by a major North American marketing firm. In addition to querying respondents on their perceptions and attitudes regarding food and health, choices of canola oils are elicited using a stated choice experiment in which product alternatives are identified based on attributes of price, country of origin, omega-3 content...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Decision strategy; Attribute cutoff; Functional food; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; C25; C93; D1.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116423
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THE ROLE OF PRODUCTION METHODS IN FRUIT PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR: HYPOTHETICAL VS ACTUAL CONSUMERS’ PREFERENCES AND STATED MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS AgEcon
Moser, Riccarda; Raffaelli, Roberta; Notaro, Sandra.
In recent years, concerns for potential risks on human health related to the overuse of chemical pesticides have encouraged research of alternatives production methods as integrated pest management (IPM) and organic agriculture. Consumer preferences for these practices or for new product characteristics often have been evaluated using stated preference techniques such as Choice Experiment (CE). Nevertheless, it has been found that in these surveys respondents generally report higher hypothetical than real willingness to pay, providing the existence of the so-called “hypothetical bias”. While the presence of this bias has been widely reported in Contingent Valuation, its investigation in CE is still at the beginning. Moreover, in most of the cases, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Fruit purchasing behaviour; Production methods; Mitigation practices; Hypothetical bias; Real choice experiment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; C35; Q18; D12; C93.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116426
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What's Psychology Worth? A Field Experiment in the Consumer Credit Market AgEcon
Bertrand, Marianne; Karlan, Dean S.; Mullainathan, Sendhil; Shafir, Eldar; Zinman, Jonathan.
Numerous laboratory studies report on behaviors inconsistent with rational economic models. How much do these inconsistencies matter in natural settings, when consumers make large, real decisions and have the opportunity to learn from experiences? We report on a field experiment designed to address this question. Incumbent clients of a lender in South Africa were sent letters offering them large, short-term loans at randomly chosen interest rates. Psychological “features” on the letter, which did not affect offer terms or economic content, were also independently randomized. Consistent with standard economics, the interest rate significantly affected loan take-up. Inconsistent with standard economics, the psychological features also significantly affected...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Behavioral economics; Psychology; Microfinance; Marketing; Field experiment; Credit markets; Consumer/Household Economics; D01; C93; D12; D21; D81; D91; M37; O12.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28441
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Can Co-Management Improve the Governance of A Common- Pool Resource? Lessons From A Framed Field Experiment in A Marine Protected Area in the Colombian Caribbean AgEcon
Moreno-Sanchez, Rocio del Pilar; Maldonado, Jorge Higinio.
Complexities associated with the management of common pool resources (CPR) threaten governance at some marine protected areas (MPA). In this paper, using economic experimental games (EEG), we investigate the effects of both external regulation and the complementarities between internal regulation and non-coercive authority intervention—what we call co-management—on fishermen’s extraction decisions. We perform EEG with fishermen inhabiting the influence zone of an MPA in the Colombian Caribbean. The results show that co- management exhibits the best results, both in terms of resource sustainability and reduction in extraction, highlighting the importance of strategies that recognize communities as key actors in the decision-making process for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Governance; Co-management; Experimental economic games; Fisheries; Latin America.; Environmental Economics and Policy; C93; C72; D02; D70; Q01; Q22; Q28; C23; C25.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60731
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Valuation of Safety-Branded and Traceable Free Range Chicken in Ha Noi: Results from a Field Experiment AgEcon
Ifft, Jennifer; Roland-Holst, David W.; Zilberman, David.
The valuation of traceable or safety-branded food by consumers in developing countries affected by diseases such as avian influenza, or with food safety issues in general, is very difficult to identify. Products that have safety-branding are not common, and food is usually purchased by bargaining at informal markets. However, valuation of traceability has important implications for livestock disease policies as well as agricultural sector development. Through developing a short-term certified supply chain for free range chicken in Hanoi, we were able to conduct a combined field experiment and detailed household survey to measure the valuation of this type of poultry. We find that consumers in urban Hanoi on average have a welfare gain of about $1 per whole...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Field experiments; Avian influenza; Vietnam; Food safety; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C93; D12; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49444
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Documentation of a multi-topic questionnaire-based survey on sustainable resource use in rural China AgEcon
Jia, Xiangping; Buchenrieder, Gertrud.
This Discussion Paper documents a survey conducted in rural China in 2005. A multi-topic survey funded by the Sino-German international Training Program "Sustainable Resource Use in North China", the project covers farm management, land property rights and rural credit access on the North China Plain. From a credit standpoint, this paper covers questionnaire design, sample, survey implementation, data entry, a brief assessment of the overall experience, as well as lessons drawn.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Questionnaire; Survey; Credit access; Household model; Categorical variables; Stata.; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C81; C93; D19.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90856
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Comparing the Effectiveness of Regulation and Pro-Social Emotions to Enhance Cooperation: Experimental Evidence from Fishing Communities in Colombia AgEcon
Lopez, Maria Claudia; Murphy, James J.; Spraggon, John M.; Stranlund, John K..
This paper presents the results from a series of framed field experiments conducted in fishing communities off the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The goal is to investigate the relative effectiveness of exogenous regulatory pressure and pro-social emotions in promoting cooperative behavior in a public goods context. The random public revelation of an individual’s contribution and its consequences for the rest of the group leads to significantly higher public good contributions and social welfare than regulatory pressure, even under regulations that are designed to motivate fully efficient contributions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Public goods; Field experiments; Pro-social emotions; Social dilemma; Regulation; Enforcement.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C93; H41; Q20; Q28.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53126
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Natural Experiment Evidence on Whether Selection Bias Overstates the Gains from Migration AgEcon
Gibson, John; McKenzie, David; Rohorua, Halahingano; Stillman, Steven.
Migration of workers from developing to developed countries and the resulting remittance flows are important development policies. World Bank calculations show that restrictions on international migration have larger welfare costs than the more widely studied restrictions on international trade. But estimated gains from migration may be affected by selection bias, with differences in outcomes for migrants and non-migrants reflecting unobserved differences in ability, skills, and motivation, rather than the act of moving itself. This poster illustrates this selection bias in commonly used statistical corrections for nonrandom selection. A unique survey conducted by the authors of Tongan migrants in New Zealand, and of non-migrants in Tonga is used. New...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Migration; Selection; Natural Experiment; Labor and Human Capital; 015; J61; F22; C93.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25704
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The "more is less" phenomenon in Contingent and Inferred valuation AgEcon
Stachtiaris, Spiros; Drichoutis, Andreas C.; Klonaris, Stathis.
2011) using the Contingent valuation (CV) as well as the Inferred valuation (IV) method (Lusk and Norwood 2009b). We find that when moving in the context of a familiar market for consumers (i.e., the food market) we only observe weak effects of inconsistencies. In addition, we find that the IV method is no better (and no worse) than the CV method in generating more consistent preference orderings. Surprisingly, we also find that the IV method generates higher valuations than CV, rendering one of its advantages of mitigating social desirability bias questionable.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Willingness-to-pay (WTP); Contingent Valuation (CV); Inferred Valuation(IV); Preference reversals; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C9; C93; D12; Q51.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116013
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Choosing a Cigarette Brand: Determining the Value of Countermarketing Information to Smokers Using Field Auctions AgEcon
Rousu, Matthew C.; Nonnemaker, James; Farrelly, Matthew.
Information about cigarettes can help smokers come to an informed decision about what cigarettes to purchase. Countermarketing information can help smokers make informed decisions, but little is known about the value of this information to smokers. In this article, we use data from experimental auctions to estimate the value of countermarketing information that counters industry claims about reduced-risk cigarettes. We find that this information has significant value to smokers who have been exposed to marketing information from tobacco companies touting reduced-risk cigarettes, but we find no evidence it provides value to smokers not exposed to this marketing information.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Experimental auctions; Field experiments; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; C93; M31.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117944
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