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| Registros recuperados: 31 | |
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| Austin, David H.; MacAuley, Molly K.. |
| This paper describes a model for estimating, in a probabilistic framework, expected future consumer surplus from planned new product innovations. The model has been applied to estimations of taxpayer benefits from NASA's New Millenium Program (NMP), which develops new technologies for space science, and to the digital data storage technologies being supported by the Department of Commerce's Advanced Technology Program (ATP). The model uses cost index methods based on consumers' estimated marginal valuation for quality improvements in the technology. Probabilistic values for performance increases are taken from the innovators' own expectations. The analysis reveals the sensitivity of welfare increases to these values, which are assumed to be biased upward.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Quality-adjusted cost index; Consumer surplus; Innovation; Environmental Economics and Policy; O32; H43; D60. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10655 |
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| Gomez, Miguel I.; Frank, Julieta; Parra, Tatiana. |
| Colombia negotiated bilateral Trade Agreements (TAs) with the United States and with the MERCOSUR region (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay). Colombian cattle and beef interest groups argue that TAs hurt the local beef supply chain. We employ a partial equilibrium framework to assess the impact of these TAs on the welfare of cattle producers, beef marketers and meat consumers in Colombia. Our results suggest that with free imports of chicken parts from the U.S, beef consumption and retail prices of beef both decrease and the derived demand and prices of fed cattle decrease. With beef imports from the MERCOSUR region, domestic beef prices and beef production fall, but total beef consumption increases. Overall, consumers are better off and there are... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Beef; Colombia; Partial equilibrium; Trade liberalization; International Relations/Trade; F14; D60; Q17. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61670 |
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| Zhao, Jinhua; Kling, Catherine L.. |
| We present a real options model of an agent's decision to purchase or sell a good under conditions of uncertainty, irreversibility, and learning over time. Her WTP and WTA contain both the intrinsic value of the good and an option value associated with delaying the decision until more information is available. Consequently, the standard Hicksian equivalence between WTP/WTA and compen-sating and equivalent variation no longer holds. This helps to explain the WTP/WTA disparity often observed in laboratory experiments and surveys because subjects may have limited learning time and opportunities, thus generating option values. In contrast, the disparity may decrease or disappear entirely in real markets since agents are free to choose when to stop gathering... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D60; D83; C90. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18416 |
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| Paarlberg, Philip L.; Lee, John G.; Seitzinger, Ann Hillberg. |
| Questions have been raised regarding the economic costs of food-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in the United States. This analysis examines how welfare changes are measured and argues that they must be decomposed by groups. Producers with animals quarantined and slaughtered because of FMD measure their welfare change using lost sales. Producers not quarantined measure their welfare change using producer surplus. The change in national sales revenue is accurate when the supply elasticity is low. Welfare changes for consumers also must be decomposed because the change in aggregate consumer surplus hides important shifts in welfare among groups of consumers. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Economic effects; Foot-and-mouth disease; Livestock; Meat; D60; Q13; Q17; Q18. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37832 |
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| Pezzey, John C.V.; Toman, Michael. |
| Concern about sustainability helped to launch a new agenda for development and environmental economics and challenged many of the fundamental goals and assumptions of the conventional, neoclassical economics of growth and development. We review 25 years' of refereed journal articles on the economics of sustainability, with emphasis on analyses that involve concern for intergenerational equity in the long-term decision-making of a society; recognition of the role of finite environmental resources in long-term decision-making; and recognizable, if perhaps unconventional, use of economic concepts, such as instantaneous utility, cost, or intertemporal welfare. Taken as a whole, the articles reviewed here indicate that several areas must be addressed in future... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Economic efficiency; Intergenerational equity; Social optimality; Sustainable development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; D60; D90. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10683 |
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| Salois, Matthew J.; Tiffin, J. Richard. |
| This paper examines the health effects of a fiscal food policy based on a combination of fat taxes and thin subsidies. The fat tax is based on the saturated fat content of food items while the thin subsidy is applied to select fruit and vegetable items. The policy is designed to be revenue neutral so the subsidy exactly offsets the revenue from the fat tax. A model of food demand is estimated using Bayesian methods that accounts for censoring and infrequency of purchase (the problem of unit values is also discussed). The estimated demand elasticities are used to compute nutrient elasticities which demonstrate how consumption of specific nutrients changes based on price changes in particular foods from the fiscal policy. Results show that although the fat... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Fat tax; Nutrient elasticities; Obesity; Thin subsidy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D30; D60; H20; I10; I30. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108789 |
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| Ebrahim, Amina. |
| This paper tests for happiness differences among race groups in South Africa and also investigates the determinants of happiness for each race group. Using data from the 2008 National Income Dynamics Survey, the results indicate that reported happiness differs substantially among race groups, with Blacks being the least happy. The determinants of happiness also differ between race groups. While Whites attached greater importance to physical health, employment status and absolute income matter greatly for Blacks. For Coloureds and Blacks, relative income is an important determinant of happiness, with religious importance significantly contributing to the happiness of Indians/Asians. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Happiness; Race; Determinants; South Africa; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Public Economics; I31; D60. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107588 |
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| Zhao, Jinhua; Kling, Catherine L.. |
| We present a dynamic model of an agent's decision to purchase or sell a good under conditions of uncertainty, irreversibility, and learning over time. Her WTP contains both the intrinsic value of the good and a commitment cost associated with delaying the decision until more information is available. Consequently, the standard Hicksian equivalence between WTP/WTA and compensating and equivalent variation no longer holds. This finding has important practical implications as it implies that observed WTP values are not always appropriate for welfare analysis. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; D60; D83. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18357 |
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| Carson, Richard T.; Hanemann, W. Michael; Kopp, Raymond J.; Krosnick, Jon A.; Mitchell, Robert C.; Presser, Stanley; Ruud, Paul A.; Smith, V. Kerry. |
| In 1992 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) convened a panel of prominent social scientists to assess the reliability of natural resource damage estimates derived from contingent valuation (CV). The product of the panel's deliberations was a report that laid out a set of recommended guidelines for CV survey design, administration, and data analysis. This paper focuses on one of these guidelines -- the Panel's call for the "temporal averaging" of willingness-to-pay (WTP) responses obtained from CV surveys as one method for increasing their reliability. The panel suggested: "Time dependent measurement noise should be reduced by averaging across independently drawn samples taken at different points in time. A clear and substantial time... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Natural resource damages; Passive use; Exxon Valdez; Reliability; Environmental Economics and Policy; D60; D61; K32; Q28. |
| Ano: 1995 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10580 |
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| Banzhaf, H. Spencer. |
| This paper illustrates how public goods may be incorporated into a cost-of-living index. When public goods are weak complements to a market good, quality-adjusted prices for the market good capture all the welfare information required. They are also consistent with a Laspeyres index that maintains the bound on a true cost-of-living index. The paper recovers this information from a discrete-choice model, using a simulation routine to solve for the appropriate price adjustments. These concepts are applied to the case of housing, education, crime, and air quality in Los Angeles for 1989 to 1994. Over a period of time when they are improving, incorporating pubic goods into the index lowers the estimated change in the cost of living by 0.5 to 2.6 percentage... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Air quality; Discrete choice models; Green accounting; Nonmarket valuation; Price index; Public Economics; C51; D12; D60; E31; H40; R10. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10833 |
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| Registros recuperados: 31 | |
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