SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Sandker, Marieke; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); M.Sandker@cgiar.org; Suwarno, Aritta; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); aritta_suwarno@yahoo.com; Campbell, Bruce M; Charles Darwin University (CDU); Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); Bruce.Campbell@cdu.edu.au.

The severe tensions between conservation and development are illustrated by events in Malinau Dstrict (Kalimantan, Indonesia). Conservationists decry proposed plans for logging and conversion of pristine tropical forest to oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Although the local government is willing to declare the district a “conservation district,” at the same time, it shows interest in oil palm conversion. This article explores the impact of the potential conversion of 500 000 ha of forest to oil palm on forest cover, in-migration, and the local economy in Malinau. The simulation model was developed using STELLA® software, and relies on a combination of empirical data, data from the literature, and stakeholder perceptions....

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Decentralization; District revenue; Forest cover; Landscape dynamics; Livelihoods; Oil palm; Participatory model; Primary forest.

Ano: 2007

REDD+ policy making in Nepal: toward state-centric, polycentric, or market-oriented governance?

Bushley, Bryan R; University of Hawai'i at Manoa; East-West Center; bushley@hawaii.edu.

Over the past 40 years, Nepal has become renowned for its community-based forestry policies, initiatives, and institutions, characterized by local autonomy in decisions about forest management and use and a gradual shift toward more inclusive national policy processes. In recent years, the government, international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), donors, and some civil society organizations have instigated policy and piloting initiatives for an international climate change mitigation scheme known as “reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries” (REDD+). Although many people see REDD+ as a means of bolstering forest conservation efforts and enhancing...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Climate change; Conservation; Decentralization; Forest governance; Policy networks; South Asia.

Ano: 2014

A Multisector Framework for Assessing Community-Based Forest Management: Lessons from Madagascar

Raik, Daniela B; Cornell University; dbr23@cornell.edu; Decker, Daniel J; Cornell University; djd6@cornell.edu.

Community-based forest management has proliferated throughout Africa as national governments have decentralized the administration of public forestry. Community-based forestry has taken multiple forms, depending on the assortment of land-tenure systems, forest-use norms, wood demand, and social organization, among others factors. Nature, Wealth, and Power is an analytical framework that has been developed from experiences in natural resource management in Africa. In this paper, we amend the framework to People, Nature, Wealth, and Power (PNWP), and propose it as an analytical lens for community-based forest management initiatives. We use the PNWP framework to assess the responsiveness of contractual forest management in the Menabe region of Madagascar to...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight

Palavras-chave: Community-based forest management; Decentralization; Forestry; Madagascar.

Ano: 2007

Matching Social and Ecological Systems in Complex Ocean Fisheries

Wilson, James A.; University of Maine; Jwilson@maine.edu.

This paper considers ocean fisheries as complex adaptive systems and addresses the question of how human institutions might be best matched to their structure and function. Ocean ecosystems operate at multiple scales, but the management of fisheries tends to be aimed at a single species considered at a single broad scale. The paper argues that this mismatch of ecological and management scale makes it difficult to address the fine-scale aspects of ocean ecosystems, and leads to fishing rights and strategies that tend to erode the underlying structure of populations and the system itself. A successful transition to ecosystem-based management will require institutions better able to economize on the acquisition of feedback about the impact of human...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis

Palavras-chave: Resource governance; Fisheries; Complex adaptive systems; Scale; Fishing effort; Decentralization; Governance institutions; Incentives; Multiscale governance; Fishing rights; Ecosystem management; Ecosystem-based management; Polycentric networks.

Ano: 2006

Does Pastoralists' Participation in the Management of National Parks in Northern Norway Contribute to Adaptive Governance?

Risvoll, Camilla ; University of Nordland; camilla.risvoll.godo@uin.no; Fedreheim, Gunn Elin; Nordland Research Institute; gef@nforsk.no; Sandberg , Audun ; University of Nordland; audun.sandberg@hibo.no; BurnSilver, Shauna; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Shauna.Burnsilver@asu.edu.

Norwegian protected areas have historically been managed by central, expertise bureaucracy; however, a governance change in 2010 decentralized and delegated the right to manage protected areas to locally elected politicians and elected Sámi representatives in newly established National Park Boards. We explore how this new governance change affects adaptive capacity within the reindeer industry, as the reindeer herders are now participating with other users in decision-making processes related to large tracts of protected areas in which they have pasture access. Aspects within adaptive capacity and resilience thinking are useful as complementary dimensions to a social-ecological system framework (Ostrom 2007) in exploring the dynamics of complex...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Decentralization; National park governance; Participation; Pastoralists; Protected areas; Reindeer herding; SES framework; Social-ecological systems.

Ano: 2014

Interactive Land-Use Planning in Indonesian Rain-Forest Landscapes: Reconnecting Plans to Practice

Wollenberg, Eva; University of Vermont; lini.wollenberg@uvm.edu; Campbell, Bruce; Center for International Forestry Research; bruce.campbell@cdu.edu.au; Dounias, Edmond; CIFOR; e.dounias@cgiar.org; Gunarso, Petrus; Tropenbos; tropenbos@telkom.net; Moeliono, Moira; Center for International Forestry Research; m.moeliono@cgiar.org; Sheil, Douglas; Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation; douglassheil@itfc.org.

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Land- use planning; Adaptive management; Borneo; Decentralization; Local knowledge; Spatial planning; Systems frameworks.

Ano: 2009

Applying the social-ecological system framework to the diagnosis of urban lake commons in Bangalore, India

Nagendra, Harini; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment; Indiana University; nagendra@atree.org; Ostrom, Elinor; Indiana University; ostrom@indiana.edu.

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Collective action; Decentralization; Leadership; Peri-urban SES; Polycentricity.

Ano: 2014

Empowering Local People through Community-based Resource Monitoring: a Comparison of Brazil and Namibia

Rostant, Luke; University of the West Indies; lrostant@gmail.com; Marinelli, Carlos Eduardo; Instituto Socioambiental; caemari@gmail.com.

Biological resource monitoring systems are implemented in many countries and often depend on the participation of local people. It has been suggested that these systems empower local participants while promoting conservation. We reviewed three wildlife monitoring systems in indigenous lands and sustainable development reserves in Brazilian Amazonia and one in Namibian Caprivi conservancies, analyzing the strategies adopted and conditions that facilitated local empowerment, as well as potential impacts on conservation. This provided insights into potential avenues to strengthen empowerment outcomes of monitoring systems in Latin America and Africa. We assessed four dimensions of empowerment at individual and community scales: psychological, social,...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Acre; Amazô Nas; Caprivi; Community participation; Decentralization; Indigenous people; Protected area; Wildlife management.

Ano: 2012

FIFTY YEARS OF REGIONAL INEQUALITY IN CHINA: A JOURNEY THROUGH REVOLUTION, REFORM AND OPENNESS

Kanbur, Ravi; Zhang, Xiaobo.

This paper constructs and analyses a long run time series for regional inequality in China from the Communist Revolution to the present. There have been three peaks of inequality in the last fifty years, coinciding with the Great Famine of the late 1950s, the Cultural Revolution of the late 1960s and 1970s, and finally the period of openness and global integration in the late 1990s. Econometric analysis establishes that regional inequality is explained in the different phases by three key variables--the ratio of heavy industry to gross output value, the degree of centralization, and the degree of openness.

Institutional/legal classification, MSEC Project sites in Thailand and Lao PDR.

Palavras-chave: Inequality; Polarisation; Decentralization; Industrialization; Openness; Globalization; Chinese economy; Political Economy; D63; 018; P27.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7236

Kurian, Mathew.

Political Selection and the Quality of Government: Evidence from South India

Palavras-chave: Institutions; Decentralization; Watersheds; Crop production; Crop Production/Industries; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92520

Besley, Timothy; Pande, Rohini; Rao, Vijayendra.

This paper uses household data from India to examine the economic and social status of village politicians, and how individual and village characteristics affect politician behavior while in office. Education increases the chances of selection to public office and reduces the odds that a politician uses political power opportunistically. In contrast, land ownership and political connections enable selection but do not affect politician opportunism. At the village level, changes in the identity of the politically dominant group alters the group allocation of resources but not politician opportunism. Improved information flows in the village, however, reduce opportunism and improve resource allocation.

Decentralization and Access to Agricultural Extension Services in Kenya

Palavras-chave: Development; Political economy; Public provision of private goods; Decentralization; Political Economy; O12; H11; H42; O20.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28426

Nambiro, Elizabeth; Omiti, John M.; Mugunieri, Godiah Lawrence.

The form and content of decentralization has dominated development discourse and public sector reform agenda in Kenya in the last two decades. The case of agricultural extension service presents decentralization in a difficult context partly due to lack of information on its possible diverse impacts especially on resource poor farmers. This paper explores the effect of decentralization of agricultural extension on access, accountability and empowerment, and efficiency of delivering services to farmers. Secondary data, participatory research methods and primary data from a random sample of 250 farmers were used. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis and logistic regression. The results show that there is improved access to...

Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation

Palavras-chave: Extension services; Decentralization; Partnerships; Policy reform; Kenya; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25246

Development and evaluation of a regional water poverty index for Benin

The Causes of Corruption: Evidence from China

Heidecke, Claudia.

The paper discusses the application of the Water Poverty Index (WPI) as a monitoring tool for Benin’s water sector. Benin is currently in a process of political decentralization shifting responsibility for and administration of rural water supplies from the national to the communal level. Appropriate indicators are needed for monitoring and analyzing the progress of the water sector for each community. The Water Poverty Index allows monitoring of a combination of aspects affecting rural water management, including water sources, access to and use of water, human capacity to manage water, and environmental impacts. The application of this index is tested for Benin at the regional level. A series of variables have been chosen for inclusion into the index...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Water poverty index; Water supply; Decentralization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55413

Dong, Bin; Torgler, Benno.

In this study we explore in detail the causes of corruption in China using two different sets of data at the regional level (provinces and cities). We observe that regions with more anti-corruption efforts, histories of British rule, higher openness, more access to media and relatively higher wages of government employees are markedly less corrupt; while social heterogeneity, regulation, abundance of resource and state-owned enterprises substantially breed regional corruption. Moreover, fiscal decentralization is discovered to depress corruption significantly, while administrative decentralization fosters local corruption. We also find that there is currently a positive relationship between corruption and economic development in China that is mainly driven...

Devolution and Accountability Effects in the Public Provision of Water Services in Indonesia

Palavras-chave: Corruption; China; Government; Decentralization; Deterrence; Social Heterogeneity; Political Economy; D730; H110; K420.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91024

Meirelles, Patricia; Rodriguez, Catherine.

This paper separately evaluates how devolution and accountability, two distinct aspects of the decentralization reforms implemented in Indonesia in the year 2001, influenced the public provision of water services. Using household level data it is found that the devolution of responsibility does not necessarily affect the provision of public services. Our findings show that the quality of publicly provided water decreased only in cities in which devolution was accompanied by a change in accountability. Robustness checks suggest that these results are driven by changes in the accountability framework rather than trends in the health services.

The Political Economy of Pro-Poor Livestock Policy-making in Ethiopia

Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Decentralization; Accountability; Devolution; Water; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O2; I18; H2; H54.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107395

Halderman, Michael.

This paper presents a case study of how livestock policies are made and implemented in a national context, and how they can be improved to better serve the interests of the poor. Livestock are extremely important in Ethiopia and could play a key role in pro-poor development strategy. Livestock are estimated to contribute to the livelihoods of 60-70% of the Ethiopian population. There have been several negative livestock-related trends over the past 20-30 years, however, including a decline in: national and per capita production of livestock products, official livestock and livestock product exports and earnings from exports, and per capita consumption of food from livestock origin. The study used the key informant method supplemented with official...

Comparing the evolution of spatial inequality in China and India: a fifty-year perspective

Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Political economy; Policy-making; Livestock; Pro-poor livestock policies; Livestock marketing; Livestock exports; Unofficial livestock marketing and exports; Cross border trade; SPS standards; Animal health services; Pastoralists; Pastoral areas; Pastoral development; Settling pastoralists; Highland areas; Urban and peri-urban areas; Land tenure; Governance; Decentralization; Civil society; Conflict mitigation; Political feasibility; Livestock Production/Industries; Political Economy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23770

Gajwani, Kiran; Kanbur, Ravi; Zhang, Xiaobo.

In the second half of the last century, both India and China have undergone major transitions and have moved to more liberalized economies. This paper relates the observed patterns in regional inequality to major events during this period. Because of China’s institutional barriers to migration, regional inequality is much higher than in India. Also, China’s decentralization and opening up are closely related to the observed regional inequality - particularly the inland-coastal disparity - since the reform period. From the Green Revolution age to the period of economic liberalization in India, the evolution of regional comparative advantage has shifted from the quality of land to the level of human capital as India integrates with the international market....

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Liberalization; Liberalized economics; Regional inequality; Migration; Decentralization; Green revolution; Economic conditions; International economic relations; Human capital; Spatial inequality; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55409

The Political Economy of International Development and Pro-Poor Livestock Policies: A Comparative Assessment

Leonard, David K..

Peasant livestock producers are particularly disadvantaged internationally and within their national systems because their political participation tends to be mediated through patron-client ties. The consequence is that poor producers most often trade their collective interests for very modest individual (or village) benefits. These patron-client networks are now being extended internationally, generally making them still less advantageous. Eventually poor livestock producers will address their interests through political associations (i.e. horizontal groupings of peers) rather than clientage (which is vertical in orientation). In the meantime, however, without outside help they are unlikely to engage in effective proactive political action on issues...