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Walls, Margaret; Palmer, Karen L.. |
Many environmentalists and policymakers are shifting their focus from media-specific pollution problems to product-specific, life-cycle environmental problems. In this paper, we develop a model of production and consumption that incorporates life-cycle environmental externalities-specifically, an upstream manufacturing byproduct, air or water pollution from manufacturing, and downstream solid waste disposal. We then use the model to derive optimal government policies to address all three externalities. We assume throughout that a Pigovian tax on waste disposal is precluded because of the potential for illegal dumping. We then examine four cases: one in which Pigovian taxes on the upstream externalities are feasible, one in which such taxes are infeasible,... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Life-cycle externalities; Solid waste; Deposit-refund; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28. |
Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10837 |
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Calcott, Paul; Walls, Margaret. |
Several studies that have solved for optimal solid waste policy instruments have suggested that transaction costs may often prevent the working of recycling markets. In this paper, we explicitly incorporate such costs into a general equilibrium model of production, consumption, recycling, and disposal. Specifically, we assume that consumers have access to both recycling without payment and recycling with payment but that the latter option comes with transaction costs. Producers choose material and nonmaterial inputs to produce a consumer product, and they also choose design attributes of that product-its weight and degree of recyclability. We find that the policy instruments that yield a social optimum in this setting need to vary with the degree of... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Dfe; Deposit-refund; Disposal fee; Constrained optimum; Environmental Economics and Policy; H21; Q28. |
Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10900 |
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