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| Vignier, Julien. |
| The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil drilling rig on 20th April 2010 resulted in the largest oil-related environmental disaster in U.S history with an unprecedented amount of oil (779,000 t) and gas discharged continuously in the Gulf of Mexico, over a period of 3 months. As a response, 8 million L of chemical dispersants (mainly Corexit 9500A®) were applied on surface to dissipate the slicks, and injected directly at the well head (3 million L) at 1500 m depths. The oil spill coincided with the spawning and recruitment season of the ecologically and commercially important Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Due to its biological characteristics (sessile, filter-feeding, ubiquity, “free” spawner), oysters have been employed as a model... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Pétrole Deepwater Horizon; Deepwater Horizon oil; Dispersant. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00498/60939/64333.pdf |
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| Mauduit, Florian; Domenici, P.; Farrell, A. P.; Lacroix, C.; Le Floch, S.; Lemaire, P.; Nicolas-kopec, A.; Whittington, M.; Zambonino-infante, Jose-luis; Claireaux, Guy. |
| Human alteration of marine ecosystems is substantial and growing. Yet, no adequate methodology exists that provides reliable predictions of how environmental degradation will affect these ecosystems at a relevant level of biological organization. The primary objective of this study was to develop a methodology to evaluate a fish’s capacity to face a well-established environmental challenge, an exposure to chemically dispersed oil, and characterize the long-term consequences. Therefore, we applied high-throughput, non-lethal challenge tests to assess hypoxia tolerance, temperature susceptibility and maximal swimming speed as proxies for a fish’s functional integrity. These whole animal challenge tests were implemented before (1 month) and after (1 month)... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Fish; Oil spill; Dispersant; Biomarkers; Physiological integrity; Ecological performance; Temperature; Hypoxia; Swimming; Growth. |
| Ano: 2016 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00347/45828/45916.pdf |
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| Claireaux, Guy; Theron, Michael; Prineau, Michel; Dussauze, Matthieu; Merlin, Francois Xavier; Le Floch, Stephane. |
| The worldwide increasing recourse to chemical dispersants to deal with oil spills in marine coastal ecosystems is a controversial issue. Yet, there exists no adequate methodology that can provide reliable predictions of how oil and dispersant-treated oil can affect relevant organism or population-level performance. The primary objective of the present study was to examine and compare the effects of exposure to untreated oil (weathered Arabian light crude oil), chemically dispersed oil (Finasol, TOTAL-Fluides) or dispersant alone, upon the ability of fish for environmental adaptation. To reach that goal, we implemented high-throughput, non-lethal challenge tests to estimate individual hypoxia and heat tolerance as surrogate measures of their capacity to... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Oil-spill; Dispersant; Fish; Temperature; Hypoxia; Survival; Growth; Environmental adaptation ability; Darwinian fitness. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00137/24831/23045.pdf |
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