|
|
|
|
|
| Golden Kroner, Rachel E.; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University; Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International; rachelelizabethgolden@gmail.com; Krithivasan, Roopa; Department of Geography, Clark University; rkrithivasan@clarku.edu; Mascia, Michael B.; Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International; m.mascia@conservation.org. |
| Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) has been documented worldwide, but its impacts on biodiversity are poorly understood. To fill this knowledge gap, we reviewed historical documents to identify legal changes that altered the boundaries of Yosemite National Park. We identified two downsizes and five additions between 1905 and 1937 that reduced the size of Yosemite National Park by 30%. To examine the effects of these downsizing events on habitat fragmentation by roads, we compared protected, never-protected, and downsized lands at three spatial scales using four habitat fragmentation metrics: road density, fragment (land surrounded by roads) area-to-perimeter ratio, fragment area, and fragment density. In general, lands that... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Downsizing; Governance; Habitat fragmentation; PADDD; Protected areas; Yosemite National Park. |
| Ano: 2016 |
|
| |
|
|
| Leistritz, F. Larry; Root, Kenneth A.. |
| Rural communities in the Upper Midwest continue to experience economic restructuring, caused not only by area agricultural changes, but also by mining and local manufacturing shutdowns. Focusing on two states, Minnesota and North Dakota, this study details the repercussions, and response, of five rural communities to the downsizing or closure of a major employer. The five community case studies represent a range of industries in which there were employment losses, diversity in community size, proximity to other labor markets, as well as multiple and varied use of adjustment techniques local leaders used in their response to community job loss. The communities studied were selected from more than 40 communities in the two states that had experienced a... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Economic restructuring; Downsizing; Closure; Community case studies; Economic development organization; Lead time to closure/downsizing; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23383 |
| |
|
|
|
