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| Waples, Robin S.; NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center; robin.waples@noaa.gov; Beechie, Tim; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center Environmental Conservation Division; Tim.Beechie@noaa.gov; Pess, George R.; NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center Environmental Conservation Division; George.Pess@noaa.gov. |
| Because resilience of a biological system is a product of its evolutionary history, the historical template that describes the relationships between species and their dynamic habitats is an important point of reference. Habitats used by Pacific salmon have been quite variable throughout their evolutionary history, and these habitats can be characterized by four key attributes of disturbance regimes: frequency, magnitude, duration, and predictability. Over the past two centuries, major anthropogenic changes to salmon ecosystems have dramatically altered disturbance regimes that the species experience. To the extent that these disturbance regimes assume characteristics outside the range of the historical template, resilience of salmon populations might be... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis |
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Duration; Frequency; Historical template; Magnitude; Pacific Northwest; Oncorhynchus; Pacific salmon; Predictability.. |
| Ano: 2009 |
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| Vare, Minna. |
| The retirement decisions of individuals are strongly influenced by spousal retirement, financial incentives and institutional constraints such as access to early retirement benefits. In the European Union (EU), farm retirement is encouraged by early retirement provisions for farmers. As exit from farming determines the characteristics of structural change in agriculture, it is important to find out how spousal retirement and economic incentives affect the timing and type of retirement decisions among elderly farmers. This paper analyses the timing of early retirement decisions of farming couples using duration analysis and different exit channels. The empirical analysis is based on Finnish farm-level panel data for the period 1993-1998. The results suggest... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Duration; Early retirement; Farming couple; Farm transfer; Succession; Farm Management. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24412 |
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| Monte, Paulo Aguiar do; Penido, Mariangela Rangel Jacques. |
| This study seeks to examine the determinants of the duration in employment in all Northeastern states of Brazil for the years 1993 and 2003. In order to do so, we used the data from the National Survey per Residence Samples (PNAD) which is done by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), every year. Results obtained by the parametric model showed that the duration of the relationship of employment is higher for men and older workers. With regard to the regional aspect, it was found that residents in the states of Pernambuco and Bahia - precisely those with the highest unemployment rates - have higher turnover when compared to other northeastern states. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Duration; Urban employment; Rural employment.; Agribusiness; J23; J64.. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61194 |
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| Vare, Minna. |
| The retirement decisions of individuals are strongly influenced by spousal retirement, financial incentives and institutional constraints such as access to early retirement benefits. In the European Union (EU), farm retirement is encouraged by early retirement provisions for farmers. As exit from farming determines the characteristics of structural change in agriculture, it is important to find out how spousal retirement and economic incentives affect the timing and type of retirement decisions among elderly farmers. This paper analyses the timing of early retirement decisions of farming couples using duration analysis and different exit channels. The empirical analysis is based on Finnish farm-level panel data for the period 1993-1998. The results... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Duration; Early retirement; Farming couple; Succession; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; J26; Q12; C41. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24696 |
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