SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Antoci, Angelo; Sabatini, Fabio; Sodini, Mauro.

This paper addresses two hot topics of the contemporary debate, social capital and economic growth. Our theoretical analysis sheds light on decisive but so far neglected issues: how does social capital accumulate over time? Which is the relationship between social capital, technical progress and economic growth in the long run? The analysis shows that the economy may be attracted by alternative steady states, depending on the initial social capital endowments and cultural exogenous parameters representing the relevance of social interaction and trust in well-being and production. When material consumption and relational goods are substitutable, the choice to devote more and more time to private activities may lead the economy to a “social poverty trap”,...

Infrastructure in developing countries: An overview of some economic issues

Palavras-chave: Economic Growth; Technical Progress; Social Interactions; Social Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; A13; D03; O43; Z13.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50401

Dethier, Jean-Jacques; Moore, Alexander.

This paper surveys the main issues and controversies in the economic literature on infrastructure in developing countries. Section I reviews the evidence on the role of infrastructure in promoting economic growth. It is argued that, although infrastructure may be more important for growth than other types of capital, the exact size and form of its effect is less clear than is often assumed. Section II looks at the issue of infrastructure “needs”, estimates of which are pervasive in both the academic and policy literature. It is argued that the preoccupation with such estimates is largely misplaced. More crucial is to develop systems of infrastructure enabling competition through an appropriate market structure. Therefore, section III reviews the economic...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Infrastructure; Developing Countries; Economic Growth; Regulation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; L9; L16; O16; O2.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123305

THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP MODEL OF BUSINESS EDUCATION: BUILDING KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY

Singh, Rahul; Mishra, Jitendra Kumar; Singh, Mahesh Kumar.

Business education around the globe is similar in one aspect that it needs to track the economic developments and train the students with the latest models of operations. The serious faces of the education institutions come only from the high standards of the research and percolation of the same to the community who are the party of interest i.e. teachers, students, recruiters, society in general and other utility terminals. A traditional way of discussion in the classroom with theoretical models and without cases of the real situations requires more time for tuning the managerial aspirants with the industrial dynamic equations. We study few successful models of education on different philosophies to train students for employment to global market, to...

Tipo: Book

Palavras-chave: Economic Growth; Business Education; Entrepreneurship; Agribusiness; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43411

Impact of Cultural Tourism upon Urban Economies: An Econometric Exercise

Bellini, Elena; Gasparino, Ugo; del Corpo, Barbara; Malizia, William.

In recent years, interest in tourism has spread rapidly throughout many small and medium European cities, which previously have not necessarily considered themselves as tourist destinations. Tourism is increasingly seen as a potential lever towards high economic growth, measured both in terms of income and employment. In the present Working Paper we report the analysis on the economic impact undertaken in the framework of the PICTURE Project, showing the results of a novel econometric exercise to statistically assess the impacts of cultural tourism upon European municipalities. More precisely the analysis aims at estimating the effects of tourism specialisation on local income and prices. The Working Paper is built as follows. Section 1 presents and...

CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Tunisia

Palavras-chave: Cultural Tourism; Economic Growth; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O4; R0; L83.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8220

Chebbi, Houssem Eddine; Boujelbene, Y..

The aim of this country specific study is to understand long and short-run linkages between economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emission using Tunisian data over the period 1971-2004. Statistical findings indicate that economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emission are related in the long-run and provide some evidence of inefficient use of energy in Tunisia, since environmental pressure tends to rise faster than economic growth. In the short run, results support the argument that economic growth exerts a positive “causal” influence on energy consumption growth. In addition, results from impulse response do not confirm the hypothesis that an increase in pollution level induces economic expansion. Although Tunisia has no commitment to reduce...

Something of a Paradox: The Neglect of Agriculture in Economic Development

Palavras-chave: CO2 emissions; Energy Consumption; Economic Growth; Tunisia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44016

Bezemer, Dirk J.; Headey, Derek D..

This paper argues that investment in agriculture has a large and continuing developmental importance in terms of both economic growth and poverty reduction. Moreover, targeted public resources have proven to be indispensable in achieving these results. Both arguments are supported with novel analyses which update and strengthen the traditional case for agriculture-led development with public-sector involvement. But despite the strong case for agriculture-led development strategies, the authors find that the financial resources allocated towards this sector have strongly declined over the last three decades, and they suggest that a shift towards new development paradigms since 1980 might be a significant explanation for this apparent Agricultural Paradox....

Palavras-chave: Agricultural Productivity; Economic Growth; Poverty Alleviation; Urban Biases; Public Expenditure; Foreign Aid; Washington Consensus.; International Development.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25267

Trust and Growth

Dincer, Oguzhan C.; Uslaner, Eric.

Using data from US states, we find a positive relationship between trust and growth. According to our results, a 10 percentage point increase in trust increases the growth rate of per capita income by 0.5 percentage point, growth rate of housing prices by 1.25 percentage points, and the growth rate of employment by 2.5 percentage points over a decade.

THE EFFECTS OF RURALITY AND INDUSTRIAL SPECIALIZATION INCOME GROWTH: U.S. COUNTIES 2000 TO 2003

Palavras-chave: Trust; Economic Growth; International Development; Z13; R11.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9094

Waldorf, Brigitte S..

This paper— part of a comprehensive project on industry clusters and rural competitiveness— explores the role of industrial specialization and rurality on economic performance for counties in the continental United States. Regression models are estimated that evaluate the impact of industry cluster-specific employment shares on per capita income growth overall, as well as in a sequence of different contextual settings. Overall, the results suggest that economic disparities across U.S. counties will diminish. The results also suggest that economic specialization “per se” is not a guarantee for economic growth. Instead, economic growth very much depends on the type of specialization and the contextual setting, with distinct differences between, for example,...

The wage and employment policy impact for productive sectors in Nicaragua, 1994-2010

Palavras-chave: Economic Growth; Industry Clusters; Rural America; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O18; O51; R11.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7334

Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto.

This paper is a serie work as Researching Centre for Agrarian Sciences and Applied Economic contribution to rural development.

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Malmquist Index; Economic Growth; Economic Sub sector; Wage Policy; Employ Policy; Total factor Productivity (TFP; Productivity Analysis; E:58; E:61; O:11; O:47.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118454

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN AID, POLICIES AND STATE INSTITUTIONS

Xayavong, Vilaphonh; Gounder, Rukmani; Obben, James.

This paper re-examines the theoretical aid-growth nexus by expounding on the issues relating to policies designed for aid delivery and the lack of aid recipient's state institutional capability to enforce policy conditionality. Two propositions have been demonstrated to explain why policy conditionality attached to aid might not always promote sustainable economic growth in Least Developed Countries. First, the model has simulated that a stable aid flow contributes to economic growth even when aid is fungible. Second, the model has also simulated that unstable aid inflow impairs the favourable effect of stable aid inflow. It is suggested that the contribution of aid to economic growth depends not only on the ability of aid to increase investment in the...

Diversity of Communities and Economic Development: An Overview

Palavras-chave: Foreign Aid; Economic Growth; Policies; State Institutions; Food Security and Poverty; D72; D9; F35; H30.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23704

Ranis, Gustav.

This paper reviews the literature on the impact of ethnic diversity on economic development. Ethnically polarized societies are less likely to agree on the provision of public goods and more likely to engage in rent seeking activities providing lower levels of social capital. Initial conditions are important determinants of adverse development outcomes. The role of decentralization, democracy and markets as potential remedies are discussed. The paper then presents a number of preliminary hypotheses on the relationship between diversity and instability in order to stimulate future research.

Will Bangladesh's Economic Growth Solve its Environmental Problems?

Palavras-chave: Africa; Diversity; Economic Growth; Instability; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Political Economy; O11; O40; O43; O55.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115713

Tisdell, Clement A..

Bangladesh has experienced rising GDP and rising per capita incomes now for at least three decades. This article considers whether its continuing economic growth is likely to solve its environmental problems. In doing so, it critically considers the application to Bangladesh of Environmental Kuznets Curve relationships and applies other macro-methods of assessing the relationship between economic growth and the environment to Bangladesh’s situation. The consequences of Bangladesh’s economic reforms for the economic welfare of Bangladeshis and the state of Bangladesh’s environment are also examined. Particular attention is given to environmental change in agriculture in the light of Bangladesh’ economic growth, reforms and proposed growth strategy. Doubts...

The Environmental Kuznets Curve from Multiple Perspectives

Palavras-chave: Bangladesh; Economic Growth; Environmental Sustainability; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48740

Jaeger, William K.; Kolpin, Van.

The analysis finds that in addition to U-shaped paths of environmental quality arising for growth in income per capita, growth in population can also produce socially efficient patterns that are U-shaped. Sufficient conditions for both types of paths are identified for a range of models and parameters, including symmetrical models with homothetic, constant-returns functions such as with CES functions. Similar results are also shown to arise in decentralized economies under either homogeneous or heterogeneous income levels.

Spatial R&D Spillovers and Economic Growth - Evidence from West Germany

Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Economic Growth; Environmental Quality; Q2; D61; O13.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36760

Funke, Michael; Niebuhr, Annekatrin.

The paper bases itself on recent theoretical writings in growth economics that emphasize the effects of both own R&D efforts and of interregional technology spillovers on regions´ productivity. We propose robust estimation techniques to evaluate the R&D spillovers across West German functional regions during the period 1976 - 1996. The findings suggest the existence of knowledge spillovers across functional regional boundaries. Moreover, significant spillovers are mainly found among geographically close regions. This finding confirms the hypothesis that proximity matters. Das Papier basiert auf jüngeren Beiträgen zur Wachstumstheorie, die den Stellenwert eigener F&E-Anstrengungen und interregionaler Spillover-Effekte für die regionale...

Economic Growth and the Environment with Clean and Dirty Consumption

Palavras-chave: R&D Spillovers; Economic Growth; Germany; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C21; C52; F43; O57; R11.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26396

Orecchia, Carlo; Tessitore, Maria Elisabetta.

This paper aims to verify the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) or inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation in the context of endogenous growth. An important feature of this study is that the EKC is examined in the presence of pollution as a by product of consumption activities; also, pollution is a stock variable rather than a flow and tends to accumulate over time. In order to highlight the role of consumption on the environment, consumers do not consider directly pollution in the maximization problem and are assumed to choose between two different consumption types, characterized by a different impact on the environment (i.e. dirty and clean consumption). We find that substitution of dirty...

The distributional effects of NAFTA in Mexico: evidence from a panel of municipalities

Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Economic Growth; Pollution; Consumption; Consumption behaviour; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; Q56; O44.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115734

Baylis, Katherine R.; Garduno-Rivera, Rafael; Piras, Gianfranco.

This paper studies the regional distribution of the benefits from trade in Mexico after NAFTA. Specifically, we ask whether or not NAFTA has increased the concentration of economic activity in Mexico. Unlike previous work which uses state-level data, we identify the effect of NAFTA on economic activity at the municipal level allowing us to observe detailed growth patterns across space. Further, to explicitly identify the effect of the trade agreement, we compare results for growth in traded and non-traded sectors. Given the spatial nature of these data, we make explicit use of spatial econometrics methods. We find that NAFTA caused the wealthy regions nearest to the border to grow faster than others, increasing regional disparity. Second, we find that...

The Solaria Syndrome: Social Capital in a Growing Hyper-technological Economy

Palavras-chave: Regional Disparities; Trade Liberalization; Agglomeration Economies; Economic Growth; Mexico; Transport Cost; Spatial econometrics; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49463

Antoci, Angelo; Sabatini, Fabio; Sodini, Mauro.

We develop a dynamic model to analyze the sources and the evolution of social participation and social capital in a growing economy characterized by exogenous technical progress. Starting from the assumption that the well-being of agents basically depends on material and relational goods, we show that the best-case scenarios hold when technology and social capital both support just one of the two productions at the expenses of the other. However, trajectories are possible where technology and social interaction balance one another in fostering the growth of both the social and the private sector of the economy. Along such tracks, technology may play a crucial role in supporting a “socially sustainable” economic growth.

Diversity of Communities and Economic Development: An Overview

Palavras-chave: Technology; Economic Growth; Relational Goods; Social Participation; Social Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O33; J22; O41; Z13.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93415

Ranis, Gustav.

ESTIMATIVA DA CURVA DE KUZNETS AMBIENTAL PARA A AMAZÔNIA LEGAL.

Palavras-chave: Africa; Diversity; Economic Growth; Instability; International Development; O11; O40; O43; O55.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54531

Santos, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; Diniz, Marcelo Bentes; Diniz, Marcia Juca Teixeira; Rivero, Sergio Luiz De Medeiros; Oliveira Junior, Jose Nilo de.

O presente trabalho investigou a hipótese da Curva Ambiental de Kuznets – CAK, diante da controvérsia que existe na atual literatura entre o crescimento econômico e impactos ambientais. A principal contribuição do artigo é apresentar um estudo de caso voltado para uma das regiões mais importantes no debate ambiental que é a Amazônia Legal. A questão em si, que não está determinada teoricamente, e apresenta diversos resultados empíricos contraditórios, incorpora a idéia de verificar se o crescimento econômico gera algum tipo de proteção automática ao meio ambiente, e até ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Com isso, o presente trabalho procura contribuir para esse debate, trazendo evidências empíricas inéditas a âmbito regional. Utilizando como variável...

Economic Growth, Lifestyle Changes, and the Coexistence of Under and Overweight in China: A Semiparametric Approach

Palavras-chave: Meio Ambiente; Hipótese de Kuznets; Amazônia; Crescimento Econômico; Environment; Kuznets Hypothesis; Amazon; Economic Growth; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113968

Shimokawa, Satoru; Pinstrup-Andersen, Per.

We investigate the relationship between changes in socioeconomic factors and the emerging coexistence of under and overweight among adults in China during 1991-2000. Our key questions are: (1) whether any socioeconomic factor explains both increasing overweight (Body Mass Index (BMI)less than or equal to 25 kg/m2) and remaining underweight (BMI greater than or equal to 18.5 kg/m2), (2) whether China's continuing economic growth leads to further increase in the prevalence of overweight, and (3) whether China's economic growth alone can lead to commensurate decrease in its remaining underweight. Based on the theoretical model in Lakdawalla and Philipson (2002), we focus on the effects of economic growth on weight through changes in income, job-related...