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The Rauischholzhausen Agenda for Road Ecology Ecology and Society
Roedenbeck, Inga A.; University of Giessen; inga.roedenbeck@agrar.uni-giessen.de; Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University; lenore_fahrig@carleton.ca; Findlay, C. Scott; University of Ottawa; sfindlay@science.uottawa.ca; Houlahan, Jeff E; University of New Brunswick at Saint John; jeffhoul@unbsj.ca; Jaeger, Jochen A. G.; Concordia University; jochen.jaeger@env.ethz.ch; Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie; UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle; stephanie.kramer@ufz.de; van der Grift, Edgar A; ALTERRA Wageningen; edgar.vandergrift@wur.nl.
Despite the documented negative effects of roads on wildlife, ecological research on road effects has had comparatively little influence on road planning decisions. We argue that road research would have a larger impact if researchers carefully considered the relevance of the research questions addressed and the inferential strength of the studies undertaken. At a workshop at the German castle of Rauischholzhausen we identified five particularly relevant questions, which we suggest provide the framework for a research agenda for road ecology: (1) Under what circumstances do roads affect population persistence? (2) What is the relative importance of road effects vs. other effects on population persistence? (3) Under what circumstances can road effects be...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight Palavras-chave: Road ecology; Research agenda; Experimental design; Hierarchy of study designs; Methodological standard; Before-after-control-impact design; Before-after design; Control-impact design; Inferential strength; Weight of evidence; Uncertainty; Landscape scale; Extrapolation; Population persistence; Road networks; Road effects; Mitigation; Decision making.
Ano: 2007
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Agent-based Analysis of Agricultural Policies: an Illustration of the Agricultural Policy Simulator AgriPoliS, its Adaptation and Behavior Ecology and Society
Happe, Kathrin; Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe; happe@iamo.de; Kellermann, Konrad; Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe; kellermann@iamo.de; Balmann, Alfons; Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe; balmann@iamo.de.
This paper combines agent-based modeling of structural change with agricultural policy analysis. Using the agent-based model AgriPoliS, we investigate the impact of a regime switch in agricultural policy on structural change under various framework conditions. Instead of first doing a sensitivity analysis to analyze the properties of our model and then examining the introduced policy in an isolated manner, we use a meta-modeling approach in combination with the statistical technique of Design of Experiments to systematically analyze the relationship between policy change and model assumptions regarding key determinants of structural change such as interest rates, managerial abilities, and technical change. As a result, we observe that the effects of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Agent-based modeling; Agricultural policy analysis; Empirical-based simulation; Experimental design; Farm structures; Meta-modeling..
Ano: 2006
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Optimization of culture conditions for exopolysaccharides production in Rhizobium sp. using the response surface method Electron. J. Biotechnol.
Pereira Duta,Flávia; Pessôa de França,Francisca; de Almeida Lopes,Léa Maria.
The combined effects of the processing parameters for exopolysaccharides production by Rhizobium sp. was studied using the experimental design and response surface methodology. The experiments were carried out using a fermenter with 20 L capacity, as the reactor. All processing parameters were online monitored. The temperature [(30 ± 1)ºC] and pH value (7.0 ± 0.1) were kept constant throughout the experimental time. As statistical tools, a complete 2³ factorial planning with central point and response surface were used to study the interactions among three relevant variables of the fermentation process: calcium carbonate concentration, aeration and agitation. The processing parameters setup for reaching a maximum response for...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Exopolysaccharides; Experimental design; Response surface method; Rhizobium sp..
Ano: 2006 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582006000400007
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Microencapsulation of pequi pulp by spray drying: use of modified starches as encapsulating agent REA
Santana,Audirene A.; Oliveira,Rafael A. de; Kurozawa,Louise E.; Park,Kil J..
The aim of this study was to evaluate the microencapsulation of pequi pulp by spray drying. A central composite rotational design was used in order to evaluate the effect of the independent variables: inlet air temperature, surfactant concentration and modified starch concentration. The dependent variables were assumed as yield of the process and the product features microencapsulated. A selection of the best process condition was performed to obtain the best condition of a product with the highest vitamin C and carotenoids content. Powders showed moisture content below 2%. The experimental values of hygroscopicity, yield, water activity, total carotenoids and vitamin C powders ranged from 7.96 to 10.67 g of adsorbed water/100g of solids, 24.34 to 49.80%,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Caryocar brasiliense; Spray drying; Experimental design; Encapsulation; Morphology.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162014000500017
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Comparison of analyses types in carrot experiment: square lattice versus randomized blocks design Horticultura Brasileira
Carvalho,Agnaldo DF; Silva,Giovani O.
ABSTRACT The square lattice 4x4 design was compared to a randomized block design, for carrot F1 hybrids. Sixteen experimental carrot hybrids were evaluated in Brasília, in 2014/15 and 2015/16 agricultural years. A square lattice 4x4 design with three replications was used. The experimental plot consisted of 1.5 m2 useful area. The experimental area was installed on the second half of November 2014 and 2015. Cultural practices were the usually given to the carrot crop in Brazilian savannah region. The incidence of leaf blight was evaluated 90 days after sowing date and, after 100 days, roots were harvested and yield components evaluated. We evaluated the three possible analyses in lattice: 1) as randomized block design; 2) intrablock analysis with adjusted...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Daucus carota; Experimental design; Incomplete block.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-05362018000200217
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Variability of production and the planning of experiments in snapbeans Horticultura Brasileira
Lúcio,Alessandro D; Santos,Daniel.
ABSTRACT This work aimed at studying the variability of production of snapbeans grown in plastic greenhouses and the effectiveness of experimental borders and plot size in reducing such variability. Data from a uniformity experiment carried out in a plastic greenhouse were used. The analyzes were performed over spatial arrangements that considered the plants first arranged in planting rows parallel to the lateral openings of the greenhouse and then arranged in columns, perpendicular to these openings. Different scenarios were produced by excluding rows and columns. The homogeneity of variances between the remaining rows and columns was tested in each scenario, and the variance and the coefficient of variation were calculated as well. There was...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Phaseolus vulgaris; Experimental precision; Homogeneity of variance; Experimental design; Borders; Plot size.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-05362018000300382
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North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part I: Mean states ArchiMer
Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Yeager, Steve G.; Bailey, David; Behrens, Erik; Bentsen, Mats; Bi, Daohua; Biastoch, Arne; Boening, Claus; Bozec, Alexandra; Canuto, Vittorio M.; Cassou, Christophe; Chassignet, Eric; Coward, Andrew C.; Danilov, Sergey; Diansky, Nikolay; Drange, Helge; Farneti, Riccardo; Fernandez, E; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe; Forget, Gael; Fujii, Yosuke; Griffies, Stephen M.; Gusev, Anatoly; Heimbach, Patrick; Howard, Armando; Jung, Thomas; Kelley, Maxwell; Large, William G.; Leboissetier, Anthony; Lu, Jianhua; Madec, G; Marsland, Simon J.; Masinam, Simona; Navarram, Antonio; Nurser, A. J. George; Pirani, Anna; Salas Y Melia, David; Samuels, Bonita L.; Scheinert, Markus; Sidorenko, Dmitry; Treguier, Anne-marie; Tsujino, Hiroyuki; Uotila, Petteri; Valcke, Sophie; Voldoire, Aurore; Wangi, Qiang.
Simulation characteristics from eighteen global ocean–sea-ice coupled models are presented with a focus on the mean Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and other related fields in the North Atlantic. These experiments use inter-annually varying atmospheric forcing data sets for the 60-year period from 1948 to 2007 and are performed as contributions to the second phase of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (CORE-II). The protocol for conducting such CORE-II experiments is summarized. Despite using the same atmospheric forcing, the solutions show significant differences. As most models also differ from available observations, biases in the Labrador Sea region in upper-ocean potential temperature and salinity distributions, mixed...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Global ocean-sea-ice modelling; Ocean model comparisons; Atmospheric forcing; Experimental design; Atlantic meridional overturning circulation; North Atlantic simulations.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00164/27525/28368.pdf
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Optimization of growth and bacteriocin activity of the food bioprotective Carnobacterium divergens V41 in an animal origin protein free medium ArchiMer
Brillet-viel, Anne; Pilet, Marie-france; Courcoux, Philippe; Prevost, Hervé; Leroi, Francoise.
Optimization of Carnobacterium divergens V41 growth and bacteriocin activity in a culture medium deprived of animal protein, needs for food bioprotection, was performed by using a statistical approach. In a screening experiment, twelve factors (pH, temperature, carbohydrates, NaCl, yeast extract, soy peptone, sodium acetate, ammonium citrate, magnesium sulphate, manganese sulphate, ascorbic acid and thiamine) were tested for their influence on the maximal growth and bacteriocin activity using a two-level incomplete factorial design with 192 experiments performed in microtiter plate wells. Based on results, a basic medium was developed and three variables (pH, temperature and carbohydrates concentration) were selected for a scale-up study in bioreactor. A...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Optimization; Carnobacterium; Bacteriocin; Experimental design; Bioreactor; Growth; Cold-smoked salmon.
Ano: 2016 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00345/45615/45236.pdf
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A Software Package and Hardware Tools for in situ Experiments in a Lagrangian Reference Frame ArchiMer
Doglioli, Andrea; Nencioli, Francesco; Petrenko, Anne; Rougier, Gilles; Fuda, Jean-luc; Grima, Nicolas.
The Lagrangian Transport Experiment (LATEX) was developed to study the influence of coupled physical and biogeochemical dynamics at the meso- and submesoscales on the transfers of matter and heat between the coastal zone and the open ocean. One of the goals of the Latex10 field experiment, conducted during September 2010 in the Gulf of Lion (northwest Mediterranean), was to mark a dynamical mesoscale feature by releasing a passive tracer [sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)] together with an array of Lagrangian buoys. The goal was to release the tracer in an initial patch as homogeneous as possible in the horizontal, and to study its turbulent mixing and dispersion while minimizing the contribution due to advection. For that, it was necessary to continuously adjust...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Dispersion; Lagrangian circulation; Transport; Ship observations; Tracers; Experimental design; Software.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00155/26590/24719.pdf
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An Assessment of the Precision and Confidence of Aquatic Eddy Correlation Measurements ArchiMer
Donis, Daphne; Holtappels, Moritz; Noss, Christian; Cathalot, Cecile; Hancke, Kasper; Polsenaere, Pierre; Wenzhoefer, Frank; Lorke, Andreas; Meysman, Filip J. R.; Glud, Ronnie N.; Mcginnis, Daniel F..
The quantification of benthic fluxes with the aquatic eddy correlation (EC) technique is based on simultaneous measurement of the current velocity and a targeted bottom water parameter (e.g., O2, temperature). High-frequency measurements (64 Hz) are performed at a single point above the seafloor using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and a fast-responding sensor. The advantages of aquatic EC technique are that 1) it is noninvasive, 2) it integrates fluxes over a large area, and 3) it accounts for in situ hydrodynamics. The aquatic EC has gained acceptance as a powerful technique; however, an accurate assessment of the errors introduced by the spatial alignment of velocity and water constituent measurements and by their different response times is...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Turbulence; Boundary layer; Fluxes; Instrumentation/sensors; Optimization; Experimental design.
Ano: 2015 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00275/38577/37102.pdf
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Do different sampling designs produce differences in the metrics of curimba, Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)? Neotropical Ichthyology
Kurchevski,Gregório; Godinho,Alexandre Lima.
ABSTRACT Probabilistic sampling, a classical recommendation for unbiased data, has been often overlooked. Fish sampling in reservoirs, unlike most rivers, can be accomplished by a variety of probabilistic sampling designs due to few restrictions in the choice of sampling sites (SSs). We evaluated whether population metrics of Prochilodus lineatus differ between fixed SSs (do not change with each sampling trip) and variable SSs (change with each sampling trip) in the Volta Grande (VGR) and Jaguara (JR) reservoirs of the Grande River, Paraná River basin, Brazil. We used gillnets to sample fish at nine probabilistic fixed SSs and nine probabilistic variable SSs per sampling trip. We conducted 25 sampling trips in VGR and 22 in JR during 2011 to 2015, and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Experimental design; Fixed versus variable sampling sites; Grande River basin; Probabilistic sampling; Reservoir.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252018000400216
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Proceedings of the Asian Pigeonpea Pathologists Group Meeting and Monitoring Tour Open Agri
M.V..
Palavras-chave: Pigeonpeas; Grain legumes; Global positioning systems; Genotypes; Fungi; Replication; Pathogens; Experimental design; Disease resistance; Chickpeas.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4189
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Analysis of experiments in square lattice with emphasis on variance components. i. Individual analysis PAB
Silva,Heyder Diniz; Regazzi,Adair José; Cruz,Cosme Damião; Viana,José Marcelo Soriano.
This paper focused on four alternatives of analysis of experiments in square lattice as far as the estimation of variance components and some genetic parameters are concerned: 1) intra-block analysis with adjusted treatment and blocks within unadjusted repetitions; 2) lattice analysis as complete randomized blocks; 3) intrablock analysis with unadjusted treatment and blocks within adjusted repetitions; 4) lattice analysis as complete randomized blocks, by utilizing the adjusted means of treatments, obtained from the analysis with recovery of interblock information, having as mean square of the error the mean effective variance of this same analysis with recovery of inter-block information. For the four alternatives of analysis, the estimators and estimates...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Experimental design; Genetic parameters; Plant breeding.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X1999001000007
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Sampling Theory of Food Safety System AgEcon
Li, Bing; Chen, Guohua; Zhu, Ning.
We introduce the stratified sampling method, and put forward theoretical unbiased estimation of stratified sampling program, as well as the model and statistics of experimental design test. We also discuss the establishment of dietary exposure model, pollutant distribution model, and risk evaluation model. Finally, we present some methods for sampling design in China.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation Palavras-chave: Exposure model; Pollutant model; Stratified sampling; Experimental design; Risk evaluation model; China; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53588
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Efficiency benefits of choice model experimental design updating: a case study AgEcon
Kerr, Geoffrey N.; Sharp, Basil M.H..
Efficient experimental designs offer the potential to reduce confidence intervals for parameters of interest in choice models, or to reduce required sample sizes. C-efficiency recognises the salience of willingness to pay estimates rather than utility function parameters. This study reports on a choice model application that incorporated updated statistical designs based on initial responses in order to maximise C-efficiency. The revised design delivered significant improvements.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Experimental design; Choice experiment; Efficiency; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47623
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Estimating variance components in Stata AgEcon
Marchenko, Yulia V..
This article gives a brief overview of the popular methods for estimating variance components in linear models and describes several ways to obtain such estimates in Stata for various experimental designs. The article’s emphasis is on using xtmixed to estimate variance components. Prior to Stata 9, loneway could be used to estimate variance components for one-way random-effects models. For other experimental designs, variance components could be computed manually using saved results after anova. The latter approach is viable but requires tedious computations for complicated experimental designs. Instead, as of Stata 9, variance components are easily obtained by using xtmixed.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Variance components; Experimental design; ANOVA; REML; ML; Multilevel; Random coefficients; Mixed models; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117553
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Efficient design for willingness to pay in choice experiments: evidence from the field AgEcon
Kerr, Geoffrey N.; Sharp, Basil M.H..
Efficient experimental designs offer the potential to reduce confidence intervals for parameters of interest in choice models, or to reduce required sample sizes. C-efficiency recognizes the salience of willingness to pay estimates rather than utility function parameters. This study reports on a choice model application that incorporated updated statistical designs based on initial responses in order to maximize C-efficiency. The revised design delivered significant improvements.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Experimental design; Choice experiment; Efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97156
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La importancia del atributo origen en la eleccion de productos agroalimentarios. El caso del esparrago de Navarra AgEcon
Cortinas, Monica; Chocarro, Raquel; Elorz, Margarita; Villanueva, M. Luisa.
In this research, we analyze the importance of the extrinsic attributes in the customer's choice of the white asparagus category, paying special attention on the influence of the origin and in the asparagus designation of origin from Navarra. For this, an experiment was designed which included 18 choice screen's with choices made with combinations of the attributes. The results are analyzed according to a logit multinomial model which allows evaluating the importance of the attributes. Due to a latent segmentation, heterogeneity is controlled and we detect different customer segments. RESUMEN En este trabajo se analiza la importancia de los atributos extrínsecos en la elección del consumidor para la categoría del espárrago blanco, prestando especial...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Designation of origin; Asparaguses from Navarra; Experimental design; Choice analysis; Latent segmentation; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; M30; Q13.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8000
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A menu-driven facility for complex sample size calculation in randomized controlled trials with a survival or a binary outcome AgEcon
Royston, Patrick; Babiker, Abdel.
We present a menu-driven Stata program for the calculation of sample size or power for complex clinical trials with a survival time or a binary outcome. The features supported include up to six treatment arms, an arbitrary time-to-event distribution, fixed or time-varying hazard ratios, unequal patient allocation, loss to follow-up, staggered patient entry, and crossover of patients from their allocated treatment to an alternative treatment. The computations of sample size and power are based on the logrank test and are done according to the asymptotic distribution of the logrank test statistic, adjusted appropriately for the design features.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Randomized controlled trials; Survival analysis; Logrank test; Experimental design; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115958
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Adaptive Experimental Design Using the Propensity Score AgEcon
Hahn, Jinyong; Hirano, Keisuke; Karlan, Dean S..
Many social experiments are run in multiple waves, or are replications of earlier social experiments. In principle, the sampling design can be modified in later stages or replications to allow for more efficient estimation of causal effects. We consider the design of a two-stage experiment for estimating an average treatment effect, when covariate information is available for experimental subjects. We use data from the first stage to choose a conditional treatment assignment rule for units in the second stage of the experiment. This amounts to choosing the propensity score, the conditional probability of treatment given covariates. We propose to select the propensity score to minimize the asymptotic variance bound for estimating the average treatment...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Experimental design; Propensity score; Efficiency bound; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C1; C14; C9; C93; C13.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47107
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