SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Sennoga, Edward B.; Matovu, John Mary.

The paper examines the interrelationships between public spending composition and Uganda's development goals including economic growth and poverty reduction. We utilize a dynamic CGE model to study these interrelationships. This paper demonstrates that public spending composition does indeed influence economic growth and poverty reduction. In particular, this study shows that improved public sector efficiency coupled with re-allocation of public expenditure away from the unproductive sectors such as public administration and security to the productive sectors including agriculture, energy, water and health leads to higher GDP growth rates and accelerates poverty reduction. Moreover, the rate of poverty is faster in rural households relative to the urban...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Sennoga; Matovu; EPRC; Public expenditure; Economic growth - Uganda; Poverty reduction; Computable General Equilibrium; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Production Economics; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C68; D58; E62; F15; H62; 132.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93808

Regional Integration in Developing Countries: Some Lessons Based on Case Studies

Shams, Rasul.

The main focus of this paper is the question if the success of regional integration organisation in developing countries is, in fact, dependent on factors like similarity of their economic structure, market size or lack of commitment. It is shown that there are also other more important institutional and politico-economical reasons to explain the functioning of such organisations in developing countries. Case studies of ECOWAS and SADC will be used to discuss this question. It is also very often argued that southsouth integration is inferior to north-south integration. This will be discussed considering the case of MERCOSUR as an example.

DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES WITHIN THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION

Palavras-chave: Regional integration; Economic development; Africa; Latin America; Political economy; International Relations/Trade; F15; O1; P16.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26272

The effects of globalization on child labor in developing countries

Lan, Czyan.

Trade and investment cooperation is one of important direction within the Shanghai Organization of Cooperation reveal. The special attention is given a interests of China in expanding its economic interests in Central Asia. The paper describes the potential for further trade and investment involvement of China to cooperation with other parties of the international organization.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Regional integration; Trade cooperation; Central Asia; China; International Development; International Relations/Trade; F15; F59.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94548

Dagdemir, Ozcan; Acaroglu, Hakan.

This paper inquires the effects of globalization on child labor in developing countries via cross-country analysis by decomposing globalization to its components; foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade. The findings reveal that the relationship between the child labor supply and gross domestic product per capita (PCGDP) can be expressed as a U shape. The study indicates that the child labor increases in the developing countries whose PCGDP levels are above $7500 since the net effect of globalization is positive for the positive substitution effect is bigger than the negative income effect. Data have been collected from UNICEF and World Bank.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Child labor; Globalization; Trade; FDI; Developing countries.; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; C31; F14; F15; F16; J49.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95959

Die Osterweiterung aus raumwirtschaftlicher Perspektive - Prognosen regionalokonomischer Theorien und Erfahrungen aus der bisherigen Integration in Europa

Lammers, Konrad.

Im Zuge der Osterweiterung der Europäischen Union eröffnen sich für die Beitrittskandidatenländer gute Möglichkeiten, wirtschaftliche Aktivitäten aus Westeuropa und anderswo zu attrahieren und im Pro-Kopf-Einkommen aufzuholen. Der Aufholprozess der Beitrittsländer wird jedoch von zunehmender regionaler Divergenz in diesen Ländern begleitet sein. Diese Einschätzung beruht auf den Erfahrungen bei früheren Integrationsprozessen in Europa, insbesondere bei der Süderweiterung, und der ökonomischen Entwicklung in den Kohäsionsländern. Die bisherige Entwicklung der Beitrittskandidatenländer, die im Hinblick auf Handels- und Direktinvestitionsverflechtungen bereits in hohem Maße mit Westeuropa verflochten sind, bestätigen diese Einschätzungen. In the course of...

Why are Trade Agreements Regional?

Palavras-chave: Enlargement; Regional convergence; Integration; Economic geography; Political Economy; F15; O52; O18; R12.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26126

Zissimos, Ben.

This paper shows how distance may be used to coordinate on a unique equilibrium in which trade agreements are regional. Trade agreement formation is modeled as coalition formation. In a standard trade model with no distance between countries, a familiar problem of coordination failure arises giving rise to multiple equilibria; any one of many possible trade agreements can form. With distance between countries, and through strategic interaction in tariff setting, regional trade agreements generate larger rent-shifting effects than non regional agreements, which countries use to coordinate on a unique equilibrium. Under naive best responses, regional agreements give way to free trade.

New Evidence on Long-Run Output Convergence Among Latin American Countries

Palavras-chave: Coalition; Coordination; Trade Liberalization; Trade Agreement; Regionalism; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; F15; C73.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9102

Who Gains and Who Loses from China's Growth?

Holmes, Mark J..

This study assesses long-run real per capita output convergence among selected Latin American countries. The empirical investigation, however, is based on an alternative approach. Strong convergence is determined on the basis of the first largest principal component, based on income differences with respect to a chosen base country, being stationary. The qualitative outcome of the test is invariant to the choice of base country and, compared to alternative multivariate tests for long-run convergence, this methodology places less demands on limited data sets. Using annual data for the period 1960-2000, strong convergence is confirmed for the Central American Common Market. However, an amended version of the test confirms weaker long-run convergence in the...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Output convergence; Latin America; Common trends; F15; O19; O40; O54.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37134

Cheptea, Angela.

Emerging countries have been winning large market shares since the early 1990s. Among these, China stands out with the most remarkable performance: it almost tripled its world market share since 1994 reaching 16.1% in 2007. The present paper attempts to identify the countries that have profited the most from this increase in the size of the Chinese market. I use an econometric shift-share methodology, that permits to identify for each trade flow the share of growth arising from the capacity to target the products and markets with the highest increase in demand, and the share due exclusively to exporter’s performance.

An Account of Geographic Concentration Patterns in Europe

Palavras-chave: China; Export Performance; Shift-Share; International Relations/Trade; F12; F15.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114299

Brulhart, Marius; Traeger, Rolf.

Using entropy indices and associated bootstrap tests, we describe the distribution of economic sectors across Western European regions over the 1975-2000 period. We decompose geographic concentration into its within-country and between-country components. In addition, we estimate centre-periphery gradients in sectoral location patterns and the impact of EU membership on countries' internal geography. It is found that manufacturing has become gradually more concentrated, although the locational bias towards central regions has become weaker. Conversely, market services have been relocating towards centrally located regions. EU integration appears to have strengthened countries' internal concentration trends.

Tariff-Rate Quotas and Agricultural Trade: An Application to the Agricultural Free-Trade Negotiation between the MERCOSUR and the EU

Palavras-chave: Geographic concentration; EU regions; Centre-periphery gradients; Entropy indices; Bootstrap inference; Community/Rural/Urban Development; R12; R14; F15.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26155

Drogue, Sophie; Ramos, Maria Priscila.

In October 2004 the European Union and the MERCOSUR tried to reach an agreement for creating what would be the world's largest free-trade area accounting for 650 millions people. But despite five years of bilateral work to strike a deal, the two parties stayed on ropes at their meeting in Portugal the 18th of October 2004. The stumbling blocks are the MERCOSUR's demand for a greater access to EU's agricultural markets and the EU's demand for expanded access for industrial goods, services and investments. Though, both partners made great efforts to comply with each other requests, it wasn't enough. In this paper we are interested in the possible last EU's offer to enlarge access to its market through the allocation of bilateral tariff-rate quotas for some...

How Decoupled Is the European Union's Single Farm Payment?

Palavras-chave: MERCOSUR; European Union; Agricultural trade; TRQ; GTAP; International Relations/Trade; D58; F17; F15.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24637

Halmai, Peter; Elekes, Andrea; Velikovszky, Laszlo.

Our paper focuses on the key element of the 2003 CAP reform: on the single farm payment (SFP). The basic aim was to decouple direct payment from production decisions. Because of the widespread agricultural policy reforms (support producers with the least possible distortions) and of the on-going WTO negotiations, this is an issue attracting significant attention on behalf of agricultural economists. Different tools and different methodologies have been employed in the effort to better understand and rank policy measures in terms of their production and trade effects. Most of the literature classifies measures based on implementation criteria. Our paper assesses the decoupled nature of the single farm payment (SFP) based on WTO and OECD criteria. The EU...

Eastern Enlargement of the EU: A Comprehensive Welfare Assessment

Palavras-chave: CAP reform; WTO; Decoupling; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q17; Q18; F13; F15.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25339

Kohler, Wilhelm.

This paper takes a welfare-view on eastern enlargement of the EU, focusing on incumbent countries. Enlargement is decomposed into three elements: Single-market integration on commodity markets, budgetary costs from EU-expenditure policies, and single market- induced migration from new to present member countries. I first use an analytical model to derive a welfare equation that identifies the principle channels for incumbent country welfare gains and losses from enlargement, including product differentiation, capital accumulation, and unemployment due to search-costs. I then propose a method that allows to extend welfare results obtained from a detailed calibrated version of this model for Germany to other incumbent countries. The approach relies on model...

Intra-industry Trade in Agricultural Products on intra-EC level: The Impact of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Funds

Palavras-chave: EU Enlargement; Economic Integration; Commercial Policy; Migration; Welfare Analysis; Computable General Equilibrium; Search Unemployment; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F02; F12; F13; F15; F22.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26377

Katrakilidis, Konstantinos; Mardas, Dimitri.

This paper aims at specifying the main determinants of the intra-industry trade in agricultural products, associated with the funds of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the EC, and more precisely, with its “price support mechanism” and its “structural reform policy.” It presents CAP’s reformed main tools and mechanisms, and explains the choice of selected variables as determinants of intra-industry trade in agricultural products at intra-EC trade. The econometric analysis covers the period 1973-2005, following recent developments in time-series analysis employing the ARDL approach to cointegration. The empirical results provide evidence of Granger causal effects in both on short-run and long-run horizon running from CAP’s above mentioned policy tools...

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy (CAP); Economic integration; Intraindustry trade; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q17; F15; C32.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118670

Augmented Gravity Model: An Empirical Application to Mercosur-European Union Trade Flows

Martinez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada; Nowak-Lehmann, Felicitas.

This paper applies the gravity trade model to assess Mercosur-European Union trade, and trade potential following the agreements reached recently between both trade blocs. The model is tested for a sample of 20 countries, the four formal members of Mercosur plus Chile and the fifteen members of the European Union. A panel data analysis is used to disentangle the time invariant country-specific effects and to capture the relationships between the relevant variables over time. We find that the fixed effect model is to be preferred to the random effects gravity model. Furthermore, a number of variables, namely, infrastructure, income differences and exchange rates added to the standard gravity equation, are found to be important determinants of bilateral...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Gravity equation; Panel data; Infrastructure; Integration; International Relations/Trade; F14; F15.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43996

AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD TRADE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: THE CASE OF SLOVENIAN INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE

Bojnec, Stefan; Hartmann, Monika.

One of the striking features in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries is the deterioration of their agricultural and food trade balance during transition to a market economy as imports increased faster than exports or exports even declined. This paper investigates the Slovenian agricultural and food trade in more detail focusing on changes in the geographical distribution of trade and the nature of trade specialization on the basis of the Grubel-Lloyd Intra-Industry Trade index and Marginal Intra-Industry Trade Indices. The results indicate that Slovenian agricultural and food trade largely remains of the inter-industry type with specialisation of exports towards the former Yugoslav markets and imports from the European Union. The proportion of...

EFEITOS DE UMA DESONERAÇÃO TRIBUTÁRIA NA ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA EM CENÁRIOS DE CRIAÇÃO DA ÁREA DE LIVRE COMÉRCIO DAS AMÉRICAS (ALCA)

Palavras-chave: Intra-industry trade; Integration; Agro-food sector; Intra-industrieller Handel; Integration; Agrar- und Ernährungssektor; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; F14; F15; P52; Q17.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92027

Pereira, Matheus Wemerson Gomes; Teixeira, Erly Cardoso.

O objetivo desse artigo é determinar os impactos da criação da Área de Livre Comércio das Américas (ALCA), a partir de uma desoneração tributária, na economia brasileira. Para isso, foram analisados diversos cenários que contam, além da eliminação das tarifas ao comércio entre os países do continente americano, com redução de 10% dos impostos indiretos que incidem sobre o consumo, sobre os insumos intermediários e sobre a produção brasileira. O modelo do GTAPinGAMS é usado como instrumental analítico, aplicado à versão 6.0 do banco de dados do GTAP. Os resultados indicam que, em todos os cenários de ALCA, a redução dos impostos indiretos em 10% aumentou a competitividade, promoveu o crescimento e o bem-estar do Brasil e elevou a receita tributária. O...

India's Reform of External Sector Policies and Future Multilateral Trade Negotiations

Palavras-chave: Integração regional; Tributos indiretos; Equilíbrio geral; GTAPinGAMS; Competitividade setorial; Regional integration; Indirect taxes; General equilibrium; GTAPinGAMS; Sectorial competition; International Relations/Trade; F13; F15; Q17; R13; H20.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109126

Srinivasan, T.N..

I evaluate India's transition from an inward-oriented development strategy to greater participation in the world economy. While tariff rates have decreased significantly over the past decade, India is still one of the more autarkic countries. Despite improvement over the past in export performance, India continues to lag behind its South- and East Asian neighbors. Second, official debt flows have been largely replaced by foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio investment in the 1990s. India's ability to attract FDI would be greatly enhanced by further reforms. I argue that India's participation in a future round of multilateral trade negotiations would benefit India. I outline the further reforms most needed: reform of labour and bankruptcy laws,...

IMPACTS OF DOHA ROUND ON THE AGRIBUSINESS OF BRAZIL, CHINA AND INDIA

Palavras-chave: India; Antidumping; Developing countries; Economic reform; Export performance; Foreign direct investment; Intellectual property rights; Multilateral trade negotiations; Quantitative restrictions; Real exchange rate; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; F15; F21; F35; H54; K31; O34; O38; O53; P11.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28428

Pereira, Matheus Wemerson Gomes; Teixeira, Erly Cardoso; Razap-Skorbiansky, Sharon.

The central themes to be addressed during the Doha Round of world trade negotiations are the reduction of the agricultural production and export subsidies, and improved market access for agricultural and non-agricultural goods. The G-20 group wields enough power to press negotiations at the Doha Round toward lower agricultural trade barriers and production and exports subsidies. The objective of this study is to determine the impacts of four possible Doha Round scenarios on the economies of Brazil, China, and India. The scenarios are examined using the Global Trade Analysis Project’s (GTAP) general equilibrium model and database. Scenarios focusing on the reduction of agricultural production and export subsidies are studied. The scenarios are then analyzed...

Assessing the Impact of ACP/EU Economic Partnership Agreement on West African Countries

Palavras-chave: Agricultural products; Trade liberalization; Doha Round; G-20; GTAP; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; F13; F15; Q17.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112759

Busse, Matthias; Grossmann, Harald.

The European Union is currently negotiating free trade agreements, called Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), with African countries as part of the Cotonou Agreement between the European Union and African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The paper empirically assesses the impact of the EPAs on trade flows and government revenue for 14 West African countries. The results indicate that the decline in import duties due to the preferential tariff elimination might be of some cause for concern and that complementary fiscal and economic policies have to be implemented before or at the time the EPAs come into force.

Factors Constraining Efficiency of Russian Corporate Farms: The Case of the Moscow Region

Palavras-chave: Economic Partnership Agreements; EU; ECOWAS; Africa; International Relations/Trade; F15; O24; O55.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26198

Hockmann, Heinrich; Svetlov, Nikolai M..

A time series model is estimated to identify the interrelation among prices on the international and the EU domestic market for butter. Although the findings were not derived from a causal model, the inspection of the data provides economically reasonable and important insights in structural relationship between international and domestic prices. The fact that international prices in the EU and Oceania are causal for each other is an indication of an integrated market. Price transmission is not perfect suggesting that competition between the EU and Oceania exists, however, but not as intense as it could be expected for a homogeneous good like butter. The estimates provide that the EU absorbs price fluctuations form the word market. Interestingly, changes...