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	Provedor de dados AgEcon (31) Autor Stark, Oded (7) Fan, C. Simon (3) Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P. (3) Peri, Giovanni (3) Boucher, Stephen R. (1) Buchenrieder, Gertrud (1) Buonanno, Paolo (1) Byra, Lukasz (1) Carletto, Calogero (1) Casarico, Alessandra (1) Chabot, Benjamin (1) Chen, Joyce J. (1) Davis, Benjamin (1) Devadoss, Stephen (1) Devillanova, Carlo (1) Duncan, Anthony (1) D’Amuri, Francesco (1) Elsner, Benjamin (1) Favard, Pascal (1) Fischer, Peter A. (1) Mais... Palavra-chave F22 (31) Labor and Human Capital (22) J61 (13) Migration (9) O15 (8) R23 (8) J24 (7) Human capital formation (3) Immigration (3) Institutional and Behavioral Economics (3) International Relations/Trade (3) J31 (3) 015 (2) Albania (2) Community/Rural/Urban Development (2) Consumer/Household Economics (2) E24 (2) EU Enlargement (2) Employment (2) European Integration (2) Mais... Tipo do documento Working or Discussion Paper (19) Conference Paper or Presentation (4) Journal Article (4) Working Paper (3) Article (1) Ano 2012 (2) 2011 (7) 2010 (2) 2009 (6) 2008 (5) 2007 (3) 2006 (1) 2004 (3) 2000 (1) 1999 (1) Mais... País United States (31) Idioma Inglês (31)		Ordenar por:  Relevância Autor Título Ano Registros recuperados: 31 Primeira ... 1 2 ... Última Intellectual Property Rights, Migration, and Diaspora AgEcon Naghavi, Alireza; Strozzi, Chiara. In this paper we study theoretically and empirically the role of the interaction between skilled migration and intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection in determining innovation in developing countries (South). We show that although emigration from the South may directly result in the well-known concept of brain drain, it also causes a brain gain effect, the extent of which depends on the level of IPRs protection in the sending country. We argue this to come from a diaspora channel through which the knowledge acquired by emigrants abroad can flow back to the South and enhance the skills of the remaining workers there. By increasing the size of the innovation sector and the skill-intensity of emigration, IPRs protection makes it more likely for... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Migration; Technology transfer; Brain gain; Diaspora; Labor and Human Capital; O34; F22; O33; J24; J61. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115817 Migration Restrictions and Criminal Behavior: Evidence from a Natural Experiment AgEcon Mastrobuoni, Giovanni; Pinotti, Paolo. We estimate the causal effect of immigrants' legal status on criminal behavior exploiting exogenous variation in migration restrictions across nationalities driven by the last round of the European Union enlargement. Unique individual-level data on a collective clemency bill enacted in Italy five months before the enlargement allow us to compare the post-release criminal record of inmates from new EU member countries with a control group of pardoned inmates from candidate EU member countries. Difference-in-differences in the probability of re-arrest between the two groups before and after the enlargement show that obtaining legal status lowers the recidivism of economically motivated offenders, but only in areas that provide relatively better labor market... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Immigration; Crime; Legal Status; Labor and Human Capital; F22; K42; C41. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115723 Advocatus, et non latro? Testing the Supplier-Induced-Demand Hypothesis for Italian Courts of Justice AgEcon Buonanno, Paolo; Galizzi, Matteo M.. We explore the relationship between litigation rates and the number of lawyers, in a typical supplier-induced demand (SID) frame. Drawing on an original panel dataset for the 169 Italian courts of justice between 2000 and 2007, we first document that the number of lawyers is positively correlated with different measures of litigation rate. Then, using an instrumental variables strategy we find that a 10 percent increase of lawyers over population is associated with an increase between 1.6 to 6 percent in civil litigation rates. Thus, our empirical analysis supports the SID hypothesis for the Italian lawyers: following an increase in their relative number, lawyers may exploit their informational advantage to induce clients to access to courts even when... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Lawyers; Litigiosity; Causality; Labor and Human Capital; F22; J15; K42; R10. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90903 Eastern Enlargement of the EU: A Comprehensive Welfare Assessment AgEcon Kohler, Wilhelm. This paper takes a welfare-view on eastern enlargement of the EU, focusing on incumbent countries. Enlargement is decomposed into three elements: Single-market integration on commodity markets, budgetary costs from EU-expenditure policies, and single market- induced migration from new to present member countries. I first use an analytical model to derive a welfare equation that identifies the principle channels for incumbent country welfare gains and losses from enlargement, including product differentiation, capital accumulation, and unemployment due to search-costs. I then propose a method that allows to extend welfare results obtained from a detailed calibrated version of this model for Germany to other incumbent countries. The approach relies on model... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: EU Enlargement; Economic Integration; Commercial Policy; Migration; Welfare Analysis; Computable General Equilibrium; Search Unemployment; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F02; F12; F13; F15; F22. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26377 Why would some migrants choose to engage in degrading work? AgEcon Stark, Oded; Fan, C. Simon. This paper develops a model of voluntary migration into degrading work. The essence of the model is a tension between two “bads:” that which arises from being relatively deprived at home, and that which arises from engaging in humiliating work away from home. Balancing between these two “bads” can give rise to an explicit, voluntary choice to engage in humiliating work. The paper identifies conditions under which a migrant will choose to engage in degrading work rather than being forced into it, to work abroad as a prostitute, say, rather than on a farm. The paper delineates the possible equilibria and finds that greater relative deprivation will make it more likely that the equilibrium outcome will be “engagement in prostitution.” It is shown that under... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Migrants; Relative deprivation; Degrading work; Humiliation; Multiple equilibria; Welfare assessment; Policy implications; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; F22; J24; J81. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101648 The Labor Market Impact of Immigration in Western Germany in the 1990’s AgEcon D’Amuri, Francesco; Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.; Peri, Giovanni. We adopt a general equilibrium approach in order to measure the effects of recent immigration on the Western German labor market, looking at both wage and employment effects. Using the Regional File of the IAB Employment Subsample for the period 1987-2001, we find that the substantial immigration of the 1990’s had no adverse effects on native wages and employment levels. It had instead adverse employment and wage effects on previous waves of immigrants. This stems from the fact that, after controlling for education and experience levels, native and migrant workers appear to be imperfect substitutes whereas new and old immigrants exhibit perfect substitutability. Our analysis suggests that if the German labor market were as ‘flexible’ as the UK labor... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Immigration; Skill Complementarities; Employment; Wages; Labor and Human Capital; E24; F22; J61; J31. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6384 Location Preference for Risk-Averse Dutch Dairy Farmers Immigrating to the United States AgEcon Richardson, James W.; Herbst, Brian K.; Duncan, Anthony; den Besten, Mark; van Hoven, Peter. Increased environmental regulations and a milk quota that restricts growth have increased the interest in immigration to the United States by Dutch dairy farmers. A risk-based economic analysis of 23 representative U.S. dairy farms versus a representative Dutch farm shows that risk-averse Dutch dairy farmers would prefer to liquidate their dairy farms and invest in a large dairy in Idaho or north Texas. The risk ranking suggested that continuing to farm in the Netherlands rather than immigrating to the United States is preferred over only two of the 23 U.S. representative farms analyzed. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Dairy relocation; Production economics; Ranking risky alternatives; Risk analysis; F21; F22; Q12; Q14; E37; D81. Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37061 Emigration and Wages: The EU Enlargement Experiment AgEcon Elsner, Benjamin. This paper studies the impact of a large emigration wave on real wages in the source country. Following EU enlargement in 2004, a large share of the workforce of the Central and Eastern Europe emigrated to Western Europe. Using data from Lithuania for the calibration of a factor demand model I show that emigration had a significant short-run impact on real wages in the source country. In particular, emigration led to a change in the wage distribution between young and old workers. The wages of young workers increased by 6%, whereas the wages of old workers decreased by around 1%. On the contrary, I find no effect on the wage distribution between workers of different education levels. Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Emigration; EU Enlargement; European Integration; Wage Distribution; Labor and Human Capital; F22; J31; O15; R23. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119098 Reasons for Remitting AgEcon Stark, Oded. This paper presents a set of reflections on what gives rise to remittances, which constitute a major part of the impact of migration on economic development in the migrants’ own countries. The collage of reasons presented serves to illustrate that remittance behavior is the outcome of an intricate interplay between the preferences and interests of migrants and their families. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Reasons for remitting; Consumer/Household Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D31; F22; F24; J61; O12; O15. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52800 Impact of Conditional Cash Transfers and Remittances on Credit Market Outcomes in Rural Nicaragua AgEcon Hernandez, Emilio; Sam, Abdoul G.; Gonzalez-Vega, Claudio; Chen, Joyce J.. The impact of public and private transfers on credit markets has not been sufficiently studied and understanding any spill over effects caused by these transfers may be useful for policy makers. This paper estimates the impact of Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) and remittances received by poor households in rural Nicaragua on their decision to request a loan. We find that, on average, CCTs did not affect the request of credit while remittances increased it, controlling for potential endogeneity. We argue the reduction in income risk provided by remittances changes borrowers’ expected marginal returns to a loan and/or their creditworthiness, as perceived by lenders. The successful enforcement of the use of CCTs on long-term investments seems to... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: International Development; D14; F22; O15. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49319 The Insurance Role of Remittances on Household Credit Demand AgEcon Richter, Susan M.. The economic literature has highlighted how in the absence of income insurance risk averse households may voluntarily withdraw from credit markets, since contract terms may transfer too much risk to the household (Boucher, Carter, and Guirkinger, 2007). Therefore, households may forgo activities with higher expected income in favor of activities with less income variability across states of nature (Morduch, 1995). Recent literature has also evaluated how remittances provide households with insurance against income shocks (Yang and Choi, 2007; Rosenzweig and Stark, 1989) and how remittances may help households bypass financial intermediaries (Woodruff and Zenteno, 2001; Taylor, Rozelle, and de Brauw, 2003). There has been minimal attention, however, on how... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; Health Economics and Policy; F22; F24; L14; O1; 015. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6261 Natural Experiment Evidence on Whether Selection Bias Overstates the Gains from Migration AgEcon Gibson, John; McKenzie, David; Rohorua, Halahingano; Stillman, Steven. Migration of workers from developing to developed countries and the resulting remittance flows are important development policies. World Bank calculations show that restrictions on international migration have larger welfare costs than the more widely studied restrictions on international trade. But estimated gains from migration may be affected by selection bias, with differences in outcomes for migrants and non-migrants reflecting unobserved differences in ability, skills, and motivation, rather than the act of moving itself. This poster illustrates this selection bias in commonly used statistical corrections for nonrandom selection. A unique survey conducted by the authors of Tongan migrants in New Zealand, and of non-migrants in Tonga is used. New... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Migration; Selection; Natural Experiment; Labor and Human Capital; 015; J61; F22; C93. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25704 That's Where the Money Was: Foreign Bias and English Investment Abroad, 1866-1907 AgEcon Chabot, Benjamin; Kurz, Christopher. Why did Victorian Britain invest so much capital abroad? We collect over 500,000 monthly returns of British and foreign securities trading in London and the United States between 1866 and 1907. These heretofore-unknown data allow us to better quantify the historical benefits of international diversification and revisit the question of whether British Victorian investor bias starved new domestic industries of capital. We find no evidence of bias. A British investor who increased his investment in new British industry at the expense of foreign diversification would have been worse off. The addition of foreign assets significantly expanded the mean-variance frontier and resulted in utility gains equivalent to a meaningful increase in lifetime consumption. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Capital markets; Home bias; History; Victorian overseas investment; Financial Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; E44; F22; G11; G15; N21; N23; O16. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50950 DOES NON-FARM INCOME DIVERSIFICATION IN NORTHERN ALBANIA OFFER AN ESCAPE FROM RURAL POVERTY? AgEcon Meyer, Wiebke; Mollers, Judith; Buchenrieder, Gertrud. The paper uses up-to-date household data from two Northern-Albanian regions. It summarises socio-economic facts on taking up remunerative non-farm employment and identifies the determinants of non-farm income diversification at the farm household level based on a binary logistic regression. Furthermore, the paper provides insight in the northern-Albanian farming structure, migration patterns, attitudes towards and reasons for income diversification into the non-farm sector. Income diversification indeed has a positive impact on the welfare of the households: A statistically significant increasing trend in incomes with rising diversification level was observed. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Non-farm income diversification; Farm households; Migration; Albania; Ausserlandwirtschaftliche Einkommensdiversifizierung; Landwirtschaftliche Haushalte; Migration; Albanien; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Q12; R23; F22; P36. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91912 On the formation of international migration policies when no country has an exclusive policy-setting say AgEcon Stark, Oded; Casarico, Alessandra; Devillanova, Carlo; Uebelmesser, Silke. This paper identifies the migration policies that emerge when both the sending country and the receiving country wield power to set migration quotas, when controlling migration is costly, and when the decision how much human capital to acquire depends, among other things, on the migration policies. The paper analyzes the endogenous formation of bilateral agreements in the shape of transfers to support migration controls, and in the shape of joint arrangements regarding the migration policy and the cost-sharing of its implementation. The paper shows that in equilibrium both the sending country and the receiving country can participate in setting the migration policy, that bilateral agreements can arise as a welfare-improving mechanism, and that the sending... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Human capital formation; International migration; Migration policies; Welfare analysis; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; F22; I30; J24; J61. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117431 Immigration and National Wages: Clarifying the Theory and the Empirics AgEcon Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.; Peri, Giovanni. This paper estimates the effects of immigration on wages of native workers at the national U.S. level. Following Borjas (2003) we focus on national labor markets for workers of different skills and we enrich his methodology and refine previous estimates. We emphasize that a production function framework is needed to combine workers of different skills in order to evaluate the competition as well as cross-skill complementary effects of immigrants on wages. We also emphasize the importance (and estimate the value) of the elasticity of substitution between workers with at most a high school degree and those without one. Since the two groups turn out to be close substitutes, this strongly dilutes the effects of competition between immigrants and workers with... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Less Educated Workers; Physical Capital Adjustment; Skill Complementarities and Wages; Labor and Human Capital; F22; J31; J61. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44227 The Prospect of Migration, Sticky Wages, and "Educated Unemployment" AgEcon Stark, Oded; Fan, C. Simon. An increase in the probability of work abroad, where the returns to schooling are higher than at home, induces more individuals in a developing country to acquire education, which leads to an increase in the supply of educated workers in the domestic labor market. Where there is a sticky wage-rate, the demand for labor at home will be constant. With a rising supply and constant demand, the rate of unemployment of educated workers in the domestic labor market will increase. Thus, the prospect of employment abroad causes involuntary “educated unemployment” at home. A government that is concerned about “educated unemployment” and might therefore be expected to encourage unemployed educated people to migrate will nevertheless, under certain conditions, elect... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; E24; F22; J24; O15. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98572 A Theory of Migration as a Response to Occupational Stigma AgEcon Stark, Oded; Fan, C. Simon. Drawing on the literature of occupational status and social distance, a theory is developed of labor migration that is prompted by a desire to avoid “social humiliation.” A closed-economy general equilibrium model that incorporates occupational status and examines the interaction between the goods market and the labor market is constructed. This framework is then extended from a closed, single economy to an open economy setting in a world that consists of two countries or two regions. It is shown that as long as migration can reduce humiliation sufficiently, migration will occur even between two identical economies. Hence, a new model of migration is presented in which migration arises from a wish to reap social exposure gains. The model shows that... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Migration; Social distance; Occupational status; Social exposure gains; General equilibrium; Consumer/Household Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; F22; J61; R23. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55363 A back-door brain drain AgEcon Stark, Oded; Byra, Lukasz. In this paper we study the impact of the international migration of unskilled workers on skill formation and the average skill level in the home country. We analyze what appears to be the least threatening scenario from the point of view of its effect on the supply of skills at home: namely, migration exclusively by unskilled workers. Somewhat surprisingly, we find that even without the departure of skilled workers, the home country suffers reduced aggregate skill formation. Although as a response to a higher wage rate per unit of human capital in the new equilibrium skilled workers choose to accumulate more human capital than before the opening up to migration of unskilled workers, the number and share of skilled workers in the home country’s workforce... Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Migration of unskilled workers; Human capital formation; Depletion of human capital; Labor and Human Capital; F22; J24; O15. Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122433 The Effects of NAFTA and U.S. Farm Policies on Illegal Immigration and Agricultural Trade AgEcon Luckstead, Jeff; Devadoss, Stephen; Rodriguez, Abelardo. We analyze the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and United States farm subsidies on U.S.-Mexican illegal immigration and agricultural trade. The theoretical analysis develops an integrated trade-migration model and shows that NAFTA and U.S. subsidies exacerbate the illegal labor flow and increase U.S. exports. The theoretical analysis is empirically implemented by simultaneous estimation and simulation analysis. The analysis shows that NAFTA increased the number of undocumented workers to U.S. agriculture and U.S. farm exports to Mexico by an average of 1573 and $6.82 billion, respectively. U.S. farm subsidy reduction decreases unauthorized entry marginally and U.S. farm exports by an average of $3.2 billion. Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Farm policies; Illegal migration; NAFTA; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F16; F22. Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120457 Registros recuperados: 31 Primeira ... 1 2 ... Última

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