SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Gu, Weishi.

This version of the paper is subject to changes.

Understanding Foreign Direct Investment in the Southern African Development Community: An Analysis Based on Project-Level Data

Palavras-chave: Export; FDI; Technology transfer; Intellectual property rights; GMM; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C33; F21; F23; F14; O34; K33.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49414

Mhlanga, Nomathemba; Blalock, Garrick; Christy, Ralph D..

This paper uses a uniquely rich project-level dataset to analyze determinants and trends of FDI flows to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. We control for the source of the investment, the sector in which the investment is undertaken, and the investment type in addition to project size. The results indicate market size to have a positive impact on FDI flows under all specifications- a result consistent with earlier studies. Other variables are unstable depending on specification and the subset of the data used. Furthermore, we find no significant differences in factors that drive FDI flows by source country, while greenfield investments are seen to respond more to the growth potential of the market relative to other forms of...

Violence, Political Instability, and International Trade: Evidence from Kenya’s Cut Flower Sector

Palavras-chave: Foreign Direct Investment; Determinants; Africa; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; F23; O55.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51632

Muhammad, Andrew; D'Souza, Anna; Amponsah, William A..

Abstract: We assess whether and how violence and political instability affect trade between developed and developing countries considering the special case of EU imports of Kenyan roses after the 2007/08 post-election violence and political instability in Kenya. Using the Rotterdam model to estimate EU demand for roses from Kenya and other global competitors, we find evidence of a structural change in the import growth rate for Kenya, approximately equivalent to an 18.6% tariff. These results highlight the importance of non-tariff barriers to trade and contribute to the growing literature on the role of insecurity and instability in hindering international trade.

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment of OECD Countries 1991-2001

Palavras-chave: Kenya; Africa; EU; Election violence; Cut flowers; Roses; Imports; International trade; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F14; F23; F59; O13; Q17.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118374

Gast, Michael W..

Using a fixed-effects panel data approach, FDI flows of 22 OECD countries are explained by gravity equations over the period 1991-2001. It is distinguished between all available observations, Intra-EU25 observations only, and observations not belonging to the EU25 area in order to control for EU-specific effects. Regressions are repeated with exports as dependent variable in order to capture diverging influences for trade flows. Changes in total market size and relative market size are important factors that lead both FDI and exports in the same direction. However, relative market size is only significant in the FDI equation when variation between the EU25 area and other investment is taken into account, thus indicating a concentration of FDI within...

Trade Costs and International Strategy of Firms: the Role of Endogenous Product Differentiation

Palavras-chave: Foreign direct investment and international trade; Multinational firms; Model with panel data; Agricultural Finance; F21; F23; F14; C23.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24595

Blanchard, Pierre; Gaigne, Carl; Mathieu, Claude.

We study the impact of trade liberalization on the international strategy of firms (to export and/or invest abroad as well as the number of varieties to be produced) when product differentiation is endogenous. By considering product differentiation as a strategic variable, our analysis sheds new light on the impact of trade barriers on the decision to produce abroad and on the choice of product range, in accordance with recent empirical evidence. We show, even though technology exhibits the same productivity for each variety, firms drop some of varieties with trade integration. In addition, our results reveal that, contrary to the standard theoretical literature, the relationship between the decision to export and trade costs is non-linear. When trade...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Foreign direct investment; Exports; Multi-product competition; Endogenuos differentiation product; Trade integration; International Relations/Trade; F12; F23; L11; L25.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121117

Do Transnational Corporations Care About Labour Standards?

Busse, Matthias.

This paper explores the relationship between foreign direct investment, or the activities of transnational corporations, and core labour standards. It discusses the channels through which labour standards may influence foreign direct investment and presents the results of an empirical test of that linkage. The results show that, contrary to the conventional wisdom that transnational corporations engage predominately in countries with low standards, higher labour standards are positively associated with foreign direct investment inflows. Concerns about "social dumping" or "a race to the bottom" on such standards appear to be mistaken. This result even holds for poor developing countries. Die Beziehung zwischen ausländischen Direktinvestitionen, das heißt...

Why Foreign-Owned Firms are Different: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Evidence for Austria

Palavras-chave: Transnational Corporations; Foreign Direct Investment; Labour Standards; Cross-Country Regression Framework; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F23; O19.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26298

Pfaffermayr, Michael; Bellak, Christian.

This study examines performance gaps among foreign-owned and domestically-owned Austrian firms. In line with earlier findings our results suggest that the positive effects of participating in a foreign multinational's network can mainly be found in productivity and profitability. A further distinction between purely national firms and multinational enterprises (MNEs) reveals that both gaps derive from gains of MNE networks rather than from ownership per se. Regardless of ownership, MNEs are more similar than MNEs and purely national firms. Gaps concerning the investment propensity and growth are primarily explained by firm characteristics rather than foreign ownership. There is no evidence of an additional bonus resulting from closer cultural proximity of...

Globalization of innovation activity by transnational corporations: and its importance in the present economic crisis

Palavras-chave: Multinational Enterprises; Industry Studies; Organisation of Production Labour Productivity; Industrial Organization; F23; L6; L23; J24.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26372

Estrategias sobre innovacion en las empresas multinacionales agroalimentarias

Zorska, Anna.

The research aims to investigate the process of globalizing innovation activity conducted by transnational corporations (TNCs), in a wider context of economic changes outside and inside companies. The process has been triggered by decentralization and internationalization of R&D, “creative transition” of foreign subsidiaries as well as implementing research networks and the open innovation model of TNCs’ innovation activity. Under the present economic crisis some slowdown and reorientation of innovation programs are implemented in order to reduce their costs and increase effectiveness. The globalization of corporate innovation activity can contribute to reaching some of TNCs’ goals both under the present crisis and the future revival of the world...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Globalization; Innovations; Economic crisis; TNC.; International Development; D21; F23; L22; O32.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94610

Rama, Ruth; Alfranca, Oscar; von Tunzelmann, Nicholas.

Las multinacionales agroalimentarias son las principales innovadoras del sector agroalimentario mundial y agentes económicos fundamentales del cambio tecnológico en el sector agroalimentario español. El estudio del comportamiento innovador de las multinacionales agroalimentarias presenta interés puesto que el 50% de la tecnología relacionada mundialmente con la alimentación procede de este tipo de empresas. Basándonos en una muestra de más de 16.000 patentes concedidas, entre 1969-94, a las mayores empresas multinacionales alimentarias y en los resultados de diversos estudios recientes, este trabajo aborda algunos de los principales aspectos de la innovación en estos importantes agentes económicos, tales como la globalización de sus actividades...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agrifood multinational; Patents; Innovation; Food industry; Agribusiness; F23; L66.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28793

Gender Discrimination and the International Division of Labour

Busse, Matthias; Spielmann, Christian.

The paper empirically explores the international economic effects of gender discrimination, namely the linkages of gender inequality with comparative advantage (trade) and foreign direct investment flows. It discusses different forms and the extent of gender discrimination across countries and presents the results of empirical tests of those linkages. The results indicate that gender inequality is positively associated with comparative advantage in unskilled-labour-intensive goods, that is, commodities where the impact of gender bias is likely to be felt most strongly. In contrast, foreign direct investment is negatively linked with gender inequality. These results even hold for relatively poor developing countries.

Location Choices of Multinational Firms: The Case of Mergers and Acquisitions

Palavras-chave: Gender Discrimination; Trade; Comparative Advantage; FDI; Labor and Human Capital; F23; J71; J82; F11.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26151

Bertrand, Olivier; Mucchielli, Jean-Louis; Zitouna, Habib.

This article examines the location choices of cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) between OECD members´ firms in the 1990`s. In addition to traditional determinants of FDI, we estimate the impact of specific factors affecting the M&A location pattern. Two distinct econometric methods are implemented: the conditional logit and the count model (Poisson or negative binomial model). In spite of the use of alternative econometric methods, we find that the supply of target firms (captured by market capitalization and privatization activity) constrains the location of M&A. However, is it not the only determinant of location: market size, labor costs, market access and financial openness play a positive and significant role on the M&A...

Locating Foreign Affiliates in Germany: The Case of Swedish MNEs

Palavras-chave: Foreign Direct Investment; Merger and Acquisition; Location; Conditional logit; Count model; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; F23; L1; R3.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26170

Braconier, Henrik; Ekholm, Karolina.

This paper uses a dataset on the foreign activities by Swedish manufacturing firms to examine the performance of German affiliates compared with affiliates in other locations. It is found that German affiliates, on average, have higher labour productivity, R&D expenditure per employee and skill-intensity. There is also evidence suggesting that German affiliates are more oriented towards selling in the local market than affiliates in other European countries. We also analyse the effect of labour costs in the Swedish multinational enterprises' (MNEs') decision to locate in Germany. We find that the location decision is sensitive to the level of wage costs in Germany and in other potential locations in high-income Europe, but not to the level of wage...

Trade costs and the pattern of Foreign Direct Investment: evidence from five EU countries

Palavras-chave: Labor demand; Multinational firms; Foreign affiliates; Germany; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F23; J23.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26200

Cardamone, Paola; Scoppola, Margherita.

According to the theoretical models of the multinational enterprise, trade costs play a fundamental role in determining the pattern of foreign direct investment (FDI). The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of trade policies on the outward stocks of FDI of the EU. We estimate a model based on the knowledge-capital theory of the multinational enterprise over the period 1995-2008 by using a sample of five EU countries and 26 partner countries. We consider, first, manufacturing sector as a whole and, then, six manufacturing industries defined at the two-digit level of the NACE classification. Explanatory variables include an index of applied bilateral tariffs and a dummy to capture the presence of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). From an...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: FDI; Trade protection; Knowledge-capital model; Dynamic panel data; International Relations/Trade; F15; F21; F23; C33.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123993

Corporate Strategies in the Telecommunications Sector in an Environment of Continuing Liberalization

Borrmann, Christine.

The Impact of Unilateral Climate Policy with Endogenous Plant Location and Market Size Asymmetry

Palavras-chave: International Business; Telecommunications; Deregulation; International Relations/Trade; F23; L21; L96.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26319

Sanna-Randaccio, Francesca; Sestini, Roberta.

This paper analyses the impact of unilateral climate policy on firms’ international location strategies in emission-intensive sectors, when countries differ in terms of market size. The cases of partial and total relocation via foreign direct investment are separately considered. A simple international duopoly model highlights the differences between short-term and long-term effects. In the short-term no change in location is a likely outcome in very capital-intensive sectors, and when there is a strategy shift this takes the form of partial instead of total relocation. In the long-run total relocation becomes a feasible outcome. However we found that, when tighter mitigation measures are introduced by the larger country and unit transport cost is high,...

Intellectual Property Rights, Product Complexity, and the Organization of Multinational Firms (Previously titled: International Sourcing, Product Complexity and Intellectual Property Rights)

Palavras-chave: Foreign Direct Investment; Carbon Leakage; Climate Policy; Relocation; Transport Costs; Welfare; Environmental Economics and Policy; F12; F23; Q58.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94789

Naghavi, Alireza; Spies, Julia; Toubal, Farid.

Current version uploaded April 2013.

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Sourcing Decision; Product Complexity; Intellectual Property Rights; Fractional Logit Estimation; Production Economics; F12; F23; O34.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119100

Productivity Spillovers from Foreign MNEs on Domestic Manufacturing Firms: Is Co-location Always a Plus?

Mariotti, Sergio; Mutinelli, Marco; Nicolini, Marcella; Piscitello, Lucia.

The paper analyses productivity spillovers from foreign MNEs on domestic manufacturing firms. Using a database on foreign MNEs in Italy, our results reveal that local firms do benefit from the presence of foreign MNEs, and the effect is higher when local and foreign firms in manufacturing sectors are co-located. However, spillovers benefiting domestic firms are likely to be less influenced by co-location when foreign MNEs are in services sectors as the latter are different from manufacturing industries under a number of aspects that overcome the effect of distance. Indeed, in these sectors, proximity and interaction are often obtained through professional mobility and temporary inter-organizational routines.

Trade costs and the pattern of Foreign Direct Investment: evidence from five EU countries

Palavras-chave: Multinational Firms; Co-Location; Proximity; Spillover Effects; Customer-Supplier Interaction; Vertical Linkages; International Relations/Trade; D24; F23; O19; R30.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99683

Cardamone, Paola; Scoppola, Margherita.

Abstract According to the theoretical models of the multinational enterprise, trade costs play a fundamental role in determining the pattern of foreign direct investment (FDI). The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of trade policies on the outward stocks of FDI of the EU. We estimate a model based on the knowledge-capital theory of the multinational enterprise over the period 1995-2008 by using a sample of five EU countries and 26 partner countries. We consider, first, manufacturing sector as a whole and, then, six manufacturing industries, among which the food industry, defined at the two-digit level of the NACE classification. Explanatory variables include an index of applied bilateral tariffs and a dummy to capture the presence of Bilateral...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: FDI; Trade protection; Knowledge-capital model; International Relations/Trade; F15; F21; F23; C33.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124106

Internationalisierung der Dienstleistungserstellung: Konsequenzen fur den schweizerischen Arbeitsmarkt

Henneberger, Fred; Ziegler, Alexandre.

This paper analyses the potential employment effects of foreign direct investment in the Swiss services industry. First, the theoretical analysis considers the consequences on domestic employment resulting from the specific characteristics of services compared with those of industrial goods. It is demonstrated that conventional research in this field systematically ignores important factors which influence domestic employment. We point out that, not only the degree of tradability of services, but also the mobility of consumers and producers, as well as the motives underlying the decisions for foreign investment have a crucial influence on the consequences to be expected for the domestic labour market. Second, an initial attempt was undertaken to...

The competitiveness situation of the EU meat processing and beverage manufacturing sectors

Palavras-chave: Foreign direct investment; Employment effects; Services; Tourism; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F21; F23; J23; L80; L83.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26248

Fischer, Christian; Schornberg, Sebastian.

The status of competitiveness for the two most important food and beverage manufacturing sector s (meat processing and beverage manufacturing) in 13 EU countries is analysed empirically, using 1995 - 2002 Eurostat data. After a review of earlier agribusiness competitiveness studies an industial competitiveness index is proposed as a composite measure for multidimensional economic performance, covering profitability, productivity and output growth. The index approach enables relative competitiveness comparisons across industries, countries and over time. The results show that during 1999 - 2002 as compared to 1995 - 1998 for both sectors overall competitiveness in real terms slightly increased. At the same time, overall competitiveness seems to also have...