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Why Do Rural Firms Live Longer? AgEcon
Yu, Li; Orazem, Peter F.; Jolly, Robert W..
Rural firms have a higher survival rate than urban firms. Over the first 13 years after firm entry, the hazard rate for firm exits is persistently higher for urban firms. While differences in firm attributes explain some of the rural-urban gap in firm survival, rural firms retain a survival advantage 18.5% greater than observationally equivalent urban firms. We argue that in competitive markets, the remaining survival advantage for rural firms must be attributable to unobserved factors that must be known at the time of entry. A plausible candidate for such a factor is thinner markets for the capital of failed rural firms. The implied lower salvage value of rural firms suggests that firms sorting into rural markets must have a higher probability of success...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Rural; Urban; Entry; Exit; Survival; Sorting; Salvage value; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty; O18; L21; D92.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54081
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EXCHANGE RATE ARRANGEMENTS IN THE CFA FRANC ZONE: ALTERNATIVES TO FIXED PARITY AgEcon
Dibley, David Leland.
The CFA franc, currency for 13 West and Central African countries (the CFA zone), has been tied to the French franc via a fixed exchange rate arrangement since 1948. Proponents of the fixed parity rate argue that it provides price stability for the African countries, while opponents contend that it contributes to poor economic performance by sending incorrect signals to the domestic economy. Further, France's ability to maintain the current arrangement is uncertain in light of the approaching economic integration in Europe. After reviewing the history of the CFA zone, this paper assesses the appropriateness of the fixed rate arrangement for the zone, with emphasis placed on recent events, especially the1994 devaluation of the CFA franc. The paper then...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11047
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Potential of Credit Scoring in Microfinance Institutions in US (Community Venture Corp. of Kentucky Taken as Case Study) AgEcon
Hou, Jiang; Skees, Jerry R.; Wang, Wei.
As one of the instrument to enhance the microfinance institution's self-sustainability, credit scoring models that have been widely used in formal financial institutions can be used in the practice of microfinance. The statistic model will be established and tested to realize that goal.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35487
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Retail Trade Area Analysis Fessenden North Dakota AgEcon
Bangsund, Dean A.; Leistritz, F. Larry; Wanzek, Janet K.; Zetocha, Dale F.; Bastow-Shoop, Holly E..
This report is intended to provide an indepth trade area analysis of Fessenden, North Dakota. Specific analyses included determining Fessenden's main and greater trade areas, identifying the demographic profile of Fessenden shoppers, examining important and less important services for patron shoppers of Fessenden, identifying neighboring cities that area shoppers patronize, determining distances area shoppers traveled to Fessenden, and listing popular newspapers and radio stations among area residents. Current trade area information for Fessenden was obtained from a statewide trade area survey conducted by the Department of Agricultural Economics at North Dakota State University in 1989. Recent trends (1980 to 1989) in Fessenden population, retail sales,...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Financial Economics.
Ano: 1991 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51273
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LA BANCA PARA LOS POBRES: COMO LIBERAR LOS BENEFICIOS DE LAS MICROFINANZAS AgEcon
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15892
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Using Land Values to Predict Future Farm Income AgEcon
Dahl, Cody P.; Gunderson, Michael A.; Moss, Charles B..
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Land values; Almon lag; Farm profitability; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56515
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European Takeover Law: The Case for a Neutral Approach AgEcon
Enriques, Luca.
This paper argues that in revising the Takeover Bid Directive, EU policymakers should adopt a neutral approach toward takeovers, i.e. enact rules that neither hamper nor promote them. The rationale behind this approach is that takeovers can be both value-creating and value-decreasing and there is no way to tell ex ante whether they are of the former or the latter kind. Unfortunately, takeover rules cannot be crafted so as to hinder all the bad takeovers while at the same time promoting the good ones. Further, contestability of control is not cost-free, because it has a negative impact on managers’ and block-holders’ incentives to make firm-specific investments of human capital, which in turn affects firm value. It is thus argued that individual companies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Takeover Bid Directive; Board Neutrality; Mandatory Bid Rule; Market for Corporate Control; Financial Economics; K22; G34; G38.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60748
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THE EFFECTS OF THE INTEREST RATE CEILINGS ON THE MICRO LENDING MARKET IN SOUTH AFRICA AgEcon
Mohane, Happy; Coetzee, Gerhard K.; Grant, William.
Interest rates are a topical subject in the micro lending industry in South Africa. The micro lending industry has been accused of charging usurious interest and exploitating the consumers. This has led to the Department of Trade and Industry passing a Usury Act with an aim of protecting the consumers. The Act imposes interest rate ceilings on loan finance provided by money lending institutions. These ceilings are proposed to be linked to the prime rate. Given this, it is not possible for micro lenders to charge full-cost recovery interest rates. This paper tries to highlight the effects of interest rate ceilings on the micro finance market. It argues that the biggest cost component of microlenders is administration costs and not the cost of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18078
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Stock Prices in a Speculative Market: The Chinese Split-Share Reform AgEcon
Beltratti, Andrea; Caccavaio, Marianna; Bortolotti, Bernardo.
In 2005-2006 China reformed its stock market by eliminating non-tradable shares. The regulator set general guidelines and then assigned responsibility for implementation to each company. We derive relations that should have been followed by the prices of stocks and exploit a company-level data set to compare the actual and the theoretical price reactions. We find evidence for abnormal returns both before the beginning of the reform and during the reform. Cross-sectionally, abnormal returns are associated mainly with turnover and compensation. This shows that in a speculative market, investors do not properly react to unambiguous corporate actions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Speculation; Chinese Stock Market; Market segmentation; Event study; Market Efficiency; Financial Economics; G14; N25.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50364
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A Limited Information Bayesian Forecasting Model of the Cattle SubSector AgEcon
Abidoye, Babatunde O.; Lawrence, John D..
The first step towards forecasting the price and output of the cattle industry is understanding the dynamics of the livestock production process. This study follows up on the Weimar and Stillman (1990) paper by using data from 1970 to 2005 to estimate the parameters that characterizes the cattle output supply. The model is then used to estimate forecast values for the periods 2006 and 2007. Bayesian limited information likelihood method is used to estimate the parameters when endogeneity exists between these variables. The forecasting ability of the model for a two-step ahead forecast for majority of the variables are relatively good and test statistic of the forecast are reported.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Cattle; Bayesian; Forecasting; Inventory; Slaughter; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53051
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Doing Business in an Industry With Difficult Economics - Food Master's Experience in Dairy Processing and Marketing in Kazakhstan AgEcon
Esenova, Saulesh; Dobson, William D..
Food Master, a U.S.-based firm with dairy processing and marketing investments in Kazakstan, has found itself in an industry with difficult economics. Despite having excellent top management and doing many things correctly, this firm lost money in 1999 and was forced to restructure. While positive developments emerged for the firm in 2000 and 2001, the firm's long-run profit prospects remain uncertain. The challenges facing the firm and government agencies attempting to foster investment in Kazakhstan's dairy industry include shortages of quality milk, shortages of farm and agribusiness credit at acceptable terms, limited numbers of qualified mid-level and lower-level managers, and pervasive corruption. This study of Food Master's experience in Kazakhstan...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Food Master; Kazakhstan; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37656
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Licences, "Use or Lose" Provisions and the Time of Investment AgEcon
Dosi, Cesare; Moretto, Michele.
Exclusive rights granted by public authorities, like concessions to develop natural resources or electromagnetic spectrum licences, often have option-like features. However, to avoid licences being unused for lengthy periods, regulators sometimes set time limits, after which the exclusive right of exercise may be revoked. In this paper we analyse the impact of use or lose ("UOL") provisions upon the private time of investment. We find that the risk of losing the licence because of inaction generally increases the probability of early investment. However, when capital costs are expected to decline over time, UOL provisions may involve a "perverse effect", by increasing, rather than reducing, the expected time of investment, with respect to a situation where...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Licences; Real Options; Use or Lose Provisions; Time of Investment; Financial Economics; L51; D44; D92.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59756
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The Estimation of Food Demand Elasticities in Canada AgEcon
Pomboza, Ruth; Mbaga, Msafiri Daudi.
Changing consumer and market demands is an important driver behind the challenges and opportunities that are facing the agriculture and agri-food sector in Canada and that will influence the sector's profitability and competitiveness in the future. It is therefore important to understand developments in the consumer demand for agriculture and agri-food products. The report provides updated demand elasticities for fourteen food groups in Canada. The estimates are useful for conducting analysis of the changing structure of the agriculture and agri-food sector and can help quantify the impacts that changes in economic variables and policies that impact those economic variables might have.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Food; Demand; Demand analysis; Elasticities; Price elasticities; Cross price elasticities; Income elasticities; Price; Econometric; Modelling; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Public Economics.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52705
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Savings and Investments of North Dakota Farmers AgEcon
Gustafson, Cole R.; Chama, Sydney L..
Off-farm financial investments, such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and certificates of deposit, can offer farmers significant opportunities for diversification. Moreover, deregulation of financial markets in the 1980s enhanced the ability of farmers to invest in these financial assets. This study reports the results of a mail survey to 473 North Dakota farmers to identify the type and size of financial assets these farmers hold, their geographic placement, and their motives for investment. The 119 North Dakota farmers who responded to this survey had not taken advantage of the financial innovations deregulation that financial markets afford. Their investments were concentrated in local savings accounts, checking accounts, and farm real estate. Few...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51171
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The Effect of Prior Gains and Losses on Current Risk-Taking Using Quantile Regression AgEcon
Mattos, Fabio; Garcia, Philip.
This paper investigates the dynamics of sequential decision-making in agricultural futures and options markets using a quantile regression framework. Analysis of trading records of 12 traders suggests that there is great heterogeneity in individual trading behavior. Traders respond differently to prior profits depending on how much risk their portfolios are carrying. In general, no significant response is found at average and below-average levels of risk, but response can become large and significant at above-average levels of risk. These results are consistent with studies which argued that behavior may be uneven under different circumstances, and calls into question the adoption of conditional mean framework to investigate trading behavior. Focusing the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Loss aversion; House-money effect; Quantile regression; Futures; Options; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53035
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Public spending composition and public sector efficiency: Implications for growth and poverty reduction in Uganda AgEcon
Sennoga, Edward B.; Matovu, John Mary.
The paper examines the interrelationships between public spending composition and Uganda's development goals including economic growth and poverty reduction. We utilize a dynamic CGE model to study these interrelationships. This paper demonstrates that public spending composition does indeed influence economic growth and poverty reduction. In particular, this study shows that improved public sector efficiency coupled with re-allocation of public expenditure away from the unproductive sectors such as public administration and security to the productive sectors including agriculture, energy, water and health leads to higher GDP growth rates and accelerates poverty reduction. Moreover, the rate of poverty is faster in rural households relative to the urban...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Sennoga; Matovu; EPRC; Public expenditure; Economic growth - Uganda; Poverty reduction; Computable General Equilibrium; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Production Economics; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C68; D58; E62; F15; H62; 132.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93808
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An Empirical Investigation of Interproduct Relationships Between Domestic and Imported Seafood in the U.S. AgEcon
Lee, Young-Jae; Kennedy, P. Lynn.
This study seeks to identify interproduct relationships between domestic catfish and a representative selection of imported seafood. In doing so, this study uses multivariate cointegration and structural analyses. Multivariate cointegration analysis suggests that six imported seafood product groupings form a common market with domestic catfish. Structural analysis reveals that 1) domestic and imported catfish are net and gross quantity substitutes; 2) domestic catfish and imported seafood are normal goods; 3) six imported seafood products are identified as gross quantity substitutes for domestic catfish; and 4) according to the derived Allais coefficients, interaction intensities of imported seafood for domestic catfish (from greatest to least) are as...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Catfish; Multivariate cointegration; Quantity substitutability; Seafood imports; Structural analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D12; F10; F11; F13.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100516
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Outsourcing and pass-through AgEcon
Hellerstein, Rebecca; Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto.
Revised October 2008 Revised on December, 2009 Revised on February 26, 2010
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Exchange-rate pass-through; Intra-firm trade; Vertical contracts; Outsourcing; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; F14; F3; F4.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120490
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Climate Policy and Border Tax Adjustments: Some New Wine Mixed with Old Wine in New Green Bottles? AgEcon
Sheldon, Ian M..
Current policy discussions are making a very clear connection between domestic climate policies and international trade. In this article, the economic, legal and implementation issues relating to border tax adjustments for climate policies are discussed. The overall conclusion drawn is that the connection between trade and the environment is not new, having been discussed in considerable detail since the early 1990s, and reflected in an extensive economics literature. In addition, the legal aspects of border tax adjustments are not particularly new, although only a WTO ruling on their use in the presence of domestic climate policies will resolve any legal uncertainty about their use. However, there are some new issues concerning the determination and...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Competitiveness; Border tax adjustment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90594
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Valuing Intellectual Property Rights in an Imperfectly Competitive Market: A Biopharming Application AgEcon
Kostandini, Genti; Mills, Bradford F..
Small research firms developing biotechnology applications often focus on establishing intellectual property rights (IPRs), which can then be sold to more established firms with existing market channels. This paper presents a method for valuing the IPRs for an innovation that lowers product production costs below those associated with the patented process of a monopolist. The application to Glucocerebrosidase enzyme from transgenic tobacco suggests an IPRs value of about $1.75 billion. Despite the innovator’s market power, significant surplus gains also accrue to consumers. Further, U.S. antitrust laws that prohibit IPRs acquisition by the current monopolist increase consumer welfare by almost 50%.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Biopharmaceuticals; Biopharming; Economic surplus; Imperfect competition; Intellectual property rights; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Marketing; D23; M13; D43; D60.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56641
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