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| Registros recuperados: 67 | |
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| Zhang, Xiaobo; Fan, Shenggen; Zhang, Linxiu; Huang, Jikun. |
| In developing countries, identifying the most effective community-level governance structure is a key issue and, increasingly, empirical evaluation of the effects of democratization on the provision of local public goods is needed. Since the early 1990s, tens of thousands of villages in rural China have held local-government elections, providing a good opportunity to investigate the effect of democratization on the level of public goods provision. Using a recent village survey conducted over a significant period of time, this paper compares governance by elected officials with that of appointed cadres and finds that elected officials tend to tax constituents less and provide them with higher levels of public services. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Governance; Democracy; Public goods provision; China; Public Economics; D73; H41; P35. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16120 |
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| Tsur, Yacov; Zemel, Amos. |
| Under risk of abrupt climate change, the occurrence hazard is added to the social discount rate. As a result, the social discount rate (i) increases and (ii) turns endogenous to the global warming policy. The second effect bears profound policy implications that are magnified by economic growth. In particular, we find that greenhouse gases (GHG) emission should be terminated at a finite time so that the ensuing occurrence risk will vanish in the long run. Due to the public bad nature of the catastrophic risk, the second effect is ignored in a competitive allocation and unregulated economic growth will give rise to excessive emissions. In fact, the GHG emission paths under the optimal and competitive growth regimes lie at the extreme ends of the range of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Hazard rate; Discounting; Economic growth; Emission policy; H23; H41; O13; O40; Q54; Q58. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37944 |
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| Le Breton, Michel; Makarov, Valery; Savvateev, Alexei; Weber, Shlomo. |
| We consider a model of the “world" with several regions that may create a unified entity or be partitioned into several unions (countries). The regions have distinct preferences over policies chosen in the country to which they belong and equally share the cost of public policies. It is known that stable \political maps" or country partitions, that do not admit a threat of secession by any group of regions, may fail to exist. To rectify this problem, in line with the recent trend for an increased autonomy and various regional arrangements, we consider federal structures, where a region can simultaneously be a part of several unions. We show that, under very general conditions, there always exists a stable federal structure. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Partitions; Federal Structures; Stability; Cooperative Games; C71; D71; H41. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37519 |
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| Vasary, Viktoria; Elekes, Andrea; Halmai, Peter. |
| Can we agree fully with the statement, that “agricultural spending is a major distorting factor in the EU economy and a distinct obstacle to the Lisbon agenda’s implementation”? (Gros, 2008) Is it without question that Europe’s agriculture is in position to become sustainable and competitive without certain kind of common policy with no Community financing? Is it unambiguous in every respect, that the challenges facing the sector – globalization, trade liberalization, climate change, water management, Lisbon process, enlargement, changing preferences – could be answered at national level utilizing exclusively national financial sources? The answers to these questions are complex. So the purpose of the paper is multiple: - Exploration of factors justifying... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Public goods; Fiscal federalism; A new agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Public Economics; Q14; Q18; H41. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44820 |
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| Kverndokk, Snorre; Rose, Adam Z.. |
| Many countries are implementing or at least considering policies to counter increasingly certain negative impacts from climate change. An increasing amount of research has been devoted to the analysis of the costs of climate change and its mitigation, as well as to the design of policies, such as the international Kyoto Protocol, post-Kyoto negotiations, regional initiatives, and unilateral actions. Although most studies on climate change policies in economics have considered efficiency aspects, there is a growing literature on equity and justice. Climate change policy has important dimensions of distributive justice, both within and across generations, but in this paper we survey only studies on the intragenerational aspect, i.e., within a generation. We... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Economics of Climate Change; Intragenerational Equity; Distributive Justice; Environmental Economics and Policy; D62; D63; H23; H41; Q00. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44230 |
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| Alpizar, Francisco; Carlsson, Fredrik; Naranjo, Maria. |
| The risk of losses of income and productive means due to adverse weather associated to climate change can significantly differ between farmers sharing a productive landscape. It is important to learn more about how farmers react to different levels of risk, under measurable and unmeasurable uncertainty. Moreover, the costs associated to investments in reduced vulnerability to climatic events are likely to exhibit economies of scope. We explore these issues using a framed field experiment that captures realistically the main characteristics of production, and the likely weather related losses of premium coffee farmers in Tarrazu, Costa Rica. Given that the region recently was severely hit by an extreme, albeit very infrequent, climatic event, we expected to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Risk Aversion; Ambiguity Aversion; Technology Adoption; Climate change; Field Experiment; Environmental Economics and Policy; C93; D81; H41; Q16; Q54. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92708 |
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| Bierbrauer, Felix. |
| The literature on public goods has shown that efficient outcomes are impossible if participation constraints have to be respected. This paper addresses the question whether they should be imposed. It asks under what conditions efficiency considerations justify that individuals are forced to pay for public goods that they do not value. It is shown that participation constraints are desirable if public goods are provided by a malevolent Leviathan. By contrast, with a Pigouvian planner, efficiency can be achieved. Finally, the paper studies the delegation of public goods provision to a profit-maximizing firm. This also makes participation constraints desirable. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Public goods; Mechanism Design; Incomplete Contracts; Regulation; Public Economics; D02; D82; H41; L51. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55325 |
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| Arriaza Balmón, Manuel; Canas, Juan F.; Canas, Juan A.; Ruiz, Pedro; Gonzalez, Jose; Barea, Francisco. |
| This paper presents a methodology for assessing the visual quality of agricultural landscapes through direct and indirect techniques of landscape valuation. The first technique enables us to rank agricultural landscapes on the basis of a survey of public preferences. The latter weighs the contribution of the elements and attributes contained in the picture to its overall scenic beauty via regression analysis. The photos used in the survey included man-made elements, positive and negative, agricultural fields, mainly of cereals and olive trees, and a natural park. The results show that perceived visual quality increases, in decreasing order of importance, with the degree of wilderness of the landscape, the presence of well-preserved man-made elements, the... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Landscape assessment; Visual quality; Landscape elements; Landscape value; Land Economics/Use; H41; Q21; Q26. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24469 |
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| Tollens, Eric. |
| The paper deals with the emergence and rise of market information systems in sub-Sahara Africa as a result of economic liberalization. There has already been an evolution is such systems and no particular system dominates. Various types of market information systems exist today, public or private, all or not linked to a commodity exchange. The rationale of a commodity exchange is discussed, linked to a market information system. They all struggle with problems of sustainable financing. Very few if any good impact studies exist on such systems, demonstrating their effects on market transparency, information asymmetry, the bargaining power of poor farmers and their market access. Dissemination of the information, using traditional (radio) or modern (ICT)... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Q13; Q18; O13; O17; H41. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25590 |
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| Messer, Kent D.; Poe, Gregory L.; Rondeau, Daniel; Schulze, William D.; Vossler, Christian A.. |
| Public referenda are frequently used to determine the provision of public goods. As public programs have distributional consequences, a compelling question is what role if any social preferences have on voting behavior. This paper explores this issue using laboratory experiments wherein voting outcomes lead to a known distribution of net benefits across participants. Preferences are elicited using a novel Random Price Voting Mechanism (RPVM), which is a more parsimonious mechanism than dichotomous choice referenda, but gives consistent results. Results suggest that social preferences, in particular a social efficiency motive, lead to economically meaningful deviations from self-interested voting choices and increase the likelihood that welfare-enhancing... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C91; C92; D64; D72; H41. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51132 |
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| Registros recuperados: 67 | |
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