SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Keeler, Andrew G.; Kriesel, Warren; Landry, Craig E..

This paper uses the results of a nationwide survey of coastal property owners to estimate the demand for insurance against erosion damage. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) does not technically cover such damage, although in practice there is considerable uncertainty about this point. The ability to insure against such losses has implications for the choice of beach management strategies and for NFIP management. We find significant demand for insurance at prices in the range of current flood insurance premiums, although median willingness to pay appears to be less than cost of providing such insurance.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Coastal erosion; Insurance; Risk; Q24; G22; H41.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43199

Landscape Assessment via Regression Analysis

Arriaza Balmón, Manuel; Canas, Juan F.; Canas, Juan A.; Ruiz, Pedro; Gonzalez, Jose; Barea, Francisco.

This paper presents a methodology for assessing the visual quality of agricultural landscapes through direct and indirect techniques of landscape valuation. The first technique enables us to rank agricultural landscapes on the basis of a survey of public preferences. The latter weighs the contribution of the elements and attributes contained in the picture to its overall scenic beauty via regression analysis. The photos used in the survey included man-made elements, positive and negative, agricultural fields, mainly of cereals and olive trees, and a natural park. The results show that perceived visual quality increases, in decreasing order of importance, with the degree of wilderness of the landscape, the presence of well-preserved man-made elements, the...

VOLUNTARY REVELATION OF THE DEMAND FOR PUBLIC GOODS USING A PROVISION POINT MECHANISM

Palavras-chave: Landscape assessment; Visual quality; Landscape elements; Landscape value; Land Economics/Use; H41; Q21; Q26.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24469

Rondeau, Daniel; Schulze, William D.; Poe, Gregory L..

Revised July 1998

Multiple Membership and Federal Sructures

Palavras-chave: Public goods; Voluntary contributions; Provision point; Experiments; Information; Group size; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H41; C92.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7265

Le Breton, Michel; Makarov, Valery; Savvateev, Alexei; Weber, Shlomo.

We consider a model of the “world" with several regions that may create a unified entity or be partitioned into several unions (countries). The regions have distinct preferences over policies chosen in the country to which they belong and equally share the cost of public policies. It is known that stable \political maps" or country partitions, that do not admit a threat of secession by any group of regions, may fail to exist. To rectify this problem, in line with the recent trend for an increased autonomy and various regional arrangements, we consider federal structures, where a region can simultaneously be a part of several unions. We show that, under very general conditions, there always exists a stable federal structure.

Collective Reputation, Entry and Minimum Quality Standard

Palavras-chave: Partitions; Federal Structures; Stability; Cooperative Games; C71; D71; H41.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37519

Rouviere, Elodie; Soubeyran, Raphael.

This article deals with the issue of entry into an industry where firms share a collective reputation. First, we show that free entry is not socially optimal; there is a need for regulation through the imposition of a minimum quality standard. Second, we argue that a minimum quality standard can induce firms to enter the market. Contrary to conventional wisdom, a minimum quality standard should not always be considered as a barrier to entry.

Governing a Common-Pool Resource in a Directed Network

Palavras-chave: Collective Reputation; Entry; Minimum Quality Standard; Industrial Organization; L11; H41; I18; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6325

Richefort, Lionel; Point, Patrick.

A local public-good game played on directed networks is analyzed. The model is motivated by one-way flows of hydrological influence between cities of a river basin that may shape the level of their contribution to the conservation of wetlands. It is shown that in many (but not all) directed networks, there exists an equilibrium, sometimes socially desirable, in which some stakeholders exert maximal effort and the others free ride. It is also shown that more directed links are not always better. Finally, the model is applied to the conservation of wetlands in the Gironde estuary (France).

Can Good Projects Succeed in Bad Villages? Project Design, Village Governance and Infrastructure Quality in Rural China

Palavras-chave: Common-pool Resource; Digraph; Cycle; Independent Set; Empirical Example; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; D85; H41.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98470

Liu, Chengfang; Zhang, Linxiu; Huang, Jikun; Luo, Renfu; Rozelle, Scott.

This study seeks to explain the differences in infrastructure quality across China’s villages. Using primary data on three main types of infrastructure projects in rural China, we find that a.) between-project within-village quality differences are small and project design has little explanatory power; b.) between-village variations are larger; and c.) there are strong correlations between the ways villages govern themselves and project quality. We conclude that it is difficult to make good projects work in bad communities and that there is something at the village level that is making some projects succeed in some villages, but not in others.

LOCAL GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC GOODS PROVISION IN RURAL CHINA

Palavras-chave: Infrastructure Quality; Village; Rural China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Public Economics; H41; H54; H71.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49944

Zhang, Xiaobo; Fan, Shenggen; Zhang, Linxiu; Huang, Jikun.

In developing countries, identifying the most effective community-level governance structure is a key issue and, increasingly, empirical evaluation of the effects of democratization on the provision of local public goods is needed. Since the early 1990s, tens of thousands of villages in rural China have held local-government elections, providing a good opportunity to investigate the effect of democratization on the level of public goods provision. Using a recent village survey conducted over a significant period of time, this paper compares governance by elected officials with that of appointed cadres and finds that elected officials tend to tax constituents less and provide them with higher levels of public services.

Does Government Regulation Complement Existing Community Efforts to Support Cooperation? Evidence from Field Experiments in Colombia

Palavras-chave: Governance; Democracy; Public goods provision; China; Public Economics; D73; H41; P35.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16120

Lopez, Maria Claudia; Murphy, James J.; Spraggon, John M.; Stranlund, John K..

In this paper we describe a field experiment conducted among mollusk harvesters in a community on the Pacific Coast of Columbia. The experiment is based on a standard linear public good and consists of two stages. In the first stage we compare the ability of monetary and nonmonetary sanctions among community members to increase contributions to the public good. In the second stage we add a government regulation with either a high or low sanction for noncompliance to community enforcement efforts. The results for the first stage are consistent with other comparisons of monetary and nonmonetary sanctions within groups; both led to higher contributions. The results from the second stage reveal that government regulations always complemented community...

Market Information Systems in Sub-Sahara Africa: Challenges and Opportunities

Palavras-chave: Field experiments; Public goods; Government regulation; Community enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Public Economics; C93; H41; Q2.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42128

Tollens, Eric.

The paper deals with the emergence and rise of market information systems in sub-Sahara Africa as a result of economic liberalization. There has already been an evolution is such systems and no particular system dominates. Various types of market information systems exist today, public or private, all or not linked to a commodity exchange. The rationale of a commodity exchange is discussed, linked to a market information system. They all struggle with problems of sustainable financing. Very few if any good impact studies exist on such systems, demonstrating their effects on market transparency, information asymmetry, the bargaining power of poor farmers and their market access. Dissemination of the information, using traditional (radio) or modern (ICT)...

Forestry in the Next Millennium: Challenges and Opportunities for the USDA Forest Service

Palavras-chave: Marketing; Q13; Q18; O13; O17; H41.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25590

Binkley, Clark S..

Throughout the globe, forestry faces predictable trends associated with the transition from reliance on natural forests to ones created through human stewardship. Laid over the ordinary economics of this transition are increases in the values of the environmental services that forests provide. The three general approaches to forest management--natural forest management, plantation forest management, and preserve management--are evaluated in this economic context. The USDA Forest Service has interesting opportunities to apply each approach, but doing so will require profound organizational changes.

Can Calibration Reconcile Stated and Observed Preferences?

Palavras-chave: Forestry; Forest Service; Economics; Environment; Timber; Forest plantations; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H41; H42; Q23; Q28.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10912

Economic analysis of spatial preferences heterogeneity of water quality

Norwood, F. Bailey.

Hypothetical bias is a pervasive problem in stated-preference experiments. Recent research has developed two empirically successful calibrations to remove hypothetical bias, though the calibrations have not been tested using the same data or in a conjoint analysis. This study compares the two calibrations in a conjoint analysis involving donations to a public good. Results find the calibrations are biased predictors of true donations but that calibrated and uncalibrated models together provide upper and lower bounds to true donations.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Calibration; Experimental economics; Forecasting; Hypothetical bias; Public goods; Stated preference; Voluntary contributions; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q51; H41.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43735

Martin-Ortega, Julia; Brouwer, Roy; Berbel, Julio.

The main objective of this study is to account for spatial preference variability in the economic valuation of water quality improvements in the river basin context. This is expected to be particularly relevant for the implementation of the European WFD, as it will involve spatially differentiated perceptions of the benefits of water quality changes. A choice experiment is developed based on maps to elicit welfare measures for water quality improvements across sub-basins in the Guadalquivir River Basin in Spain. Variation is introduced simultaneously in the spatial distribution of goods and services and their beneficiaries, for the accounting of spatial preference heterogeneity (i.e. people’s different valuation of changes in environmental good provision...

Discussion: Animal Identification Systems in North America: Achievements and Future Challenges

Palavras-chave: Water economics; Valuation; Choice Experiment; Spatial Heterogeneity; Water Quality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q25; H41.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50626

REGULATING ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS

Knutson, Ronald D..

Although Canada has developed an effective animal identification system, and the provinces are progressing toward a system that has full traceback capabilities, the U.S. and Mexico have made little or no progress. Contemporary U.S. proposals for state initiatives will not work. In the meantime, the U.S. livestock industry will continue to lose markets for its products and has little to no basis for complaining about lost sales and the lack of open markets. Also indentified are relevant economic and political principles that both underlie animal identification systems and the failure to make positive steps forward toward establishing a North American animal identification system.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Animal identification (ID); Zoonoses; Livestock diseases; North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; F13; H41; I19.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92602

Tsur, Yacov; Zemel, Amos.

Environmental consequences of natural resource exploitation often entail threats of future occurrences of detrimental abrupt events rather than (or in addition to) inflicting a damage gradually. The possibility of abrupt occurrence of climate-change related calamities is a case in mind. The uncertainty associated with the realization of these threats and their public-bad nature complicate the determination of optimal economic response. We analyze the regulation of such environmental threats by means of a Pigouvian hazard tax, based on the shadow cost of the hazard-generating activities. A numerical example illustrates possible effects of the proposed regulation scheme.

Effects of the CDM on Poverty Eradication and Global Climate Protection

Palavras-chave: Environmental events; Emission; Climate change; Regulation; Pigouvian tax; Hazard rate; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; H41; O13; Q54; Q58.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7150

Rubbelke, Dirk T.G.; Rive, Nathan.

In an impure public good model we analyze the effects of CDM transfers on poverty as well as on the global climate protection level. We construct an analytical model of a developing and an industrialized region, both of which independently seek to maximize their utility – a function of private consumption, domestic air quality, and global climate protection. They do so by distributing their finite expenditures across (1) the aggregate consumption good, (2) end-of-pipe pollution control technologies, and (3) greenhouse gas abatement. Based on our analytical findings, we develop two sets of simulations for China in which we vary the rate of the CDM transfer. The simulations differ by the assumption of China’s domestic air quality policy – the first assumes a...

The Endogenous Formation of Coalitions to Provide Public Goods: Theory and Experimental Evidence

Palavras-chave: Ancillary Benefits; CDM; Climate Policy; Impure Public Goods; Transfers; Abatement Technology; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Q54; H23; H41; O33.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46650

McEvoy, David M.; Cherry, Todd L.; Stranlund, John K..

This paper examines the endogenous formation of coalitions that provide public goods in which players implement a minimum participation requirement before deciding whether to join. We demonstrate theoretically that payoff-maximizing players will vote to implement efficient participation requirements and these coalitions will form. However, we also demonstrate that if some players are averse to inequality they can cause inefficient outcomes. Inequality-averse players can limit free riding by implementing larger than efficient coalitions or by blocking efficient coalitions from forming. We test the theory with experimental methods and observe individual behavior and coalition formation consistent with a model of inequality-averse players.

Incentive Compatible Mechanism Design for Stated Choice Surveys: A Multiple Alternative Choice Case

Palavras-chave: Public goods; Coalition formation; Inequality aversion; Participation requirement; Experiments; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Public Economics; C92; H41.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102265

Das, Chhandita; Anderson, Christopher M..

Paper removed by author 02/04/09.

Endogenous Discounting and Climate Policy

Palavras-chave: Stated choice survey; Mechanism design; Public goods experiment; Demand and Price Analysis; C42; C72; C92; D02; H41; Q51.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9823

Tsur, Yacov; Zemel, Amos.

Under risk of abrupt climate change, the occurrence hazard is added to the social discount rate. As a result, the social discount rate (i) increases and (ii) turns endogenous to the global warming policy. The second effect bears profound policy implications that are magnified by economic growth. In particular, we find that greenhouse gases (GHG) emission should be terminated at a finite time so that the ensuing occurrence risk will vanish in the long run. Due to the public bad nature of the catastrophic risk, the second effect is ignored in a competitive allocation and unregulated economic growth will give rise to excessive emissions. In fact, the GHG emission paths under the optimal and competitive growth regimes lie at the extreme ends of the range of...