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BIOGEOGRAPHY OF DEEP-WATER CHEMOSYNTHETIC ECOSYSTEMS (CHESS): EXPLORING THE SOUTHERN OCEANS Gayana
Ramírez Llodra,Eva; Tyler,Paul A; German,Christopher R.
The vast majority of the mid-ocean ridge system and of the continental margins around the globe have not yet been explored. A relatively small number of vent and seep sites have been analysed and are the focus of long-term research programmes. However, the exploration of new areas will certainly provide the discovery of new vent and seep sites. Furthermore, the study of these key locations will lead to the description of new species and improve our understanding of the abundance, diversity, and distribution of species from chemosynthetically-driven systems around the world's oceans. It is the aim of ChEss to develop an exploration field phase to discover new deep-water hydrothermal vents and cold seeps at key locations, to describe their fauna, and to...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Biogeography; Hydrothermal vents; Cold seeps; Southern oceans.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-65382003000200006
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Thermosipho spp. Immune System Differences Affect Variation in Genome Size and Geographical Distributions ArchiMer
Haverkamp, Thomas H. A.; Geslin, Claire; Lossouarn, Julien; Podosokorskaya, Olga A.; Kublanov, Ilya; Nesbo, Camilla L..
Thermosipho species inhabit thermal environments such as marine hydrothermal vents, petroleum reservoirs, and terrestrial hot springs. A 16S rRNA phylogeny of available Thermosipho spp. sequences suggested habitat specialists adapted to living in hydrothermal vents only, and habitat generalists inhabiting oil reservoirs, hydrothermal vents, and hotsprings. Comparative genomics of 15 Thermosipho genomes separated them into three distinct species with different habitat distributions: The widely distributed T. africanus and the more specialized, T. melanesiensis and T. affectus. Moreover, the species can be differentiated on the basis of genome size (GS), genome content, and immune system composition. For instance, the T. africanus genomes are largest and...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Extremophiles; Hydrothermal vents; Mobile DNA; Speciation; Thermotogae; Vitamine B-12.
Ano: 2018 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00478/58934/61503.pdf
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Etude de la diversité métabolique des micro-organismes des sources hydrothermales ArchiMer
Byrne, Nathalie.
Since the discovery of oceanic hydrothermal vents, microbial diversity of this extreme environment was studied using both cultivation and molecular approaches. In this study the microbial diversity of active chimney from both TAG and Lucky Strike sites (Mid Atlantic Ridge) was investigated using both molecular survey and continuous enrichment culture in a bioreactor. To reproduce as close as possible environmental conditions the cultures were performed in oligotrophic conditions, in the presence of hydrogen and carbondioxide in the gas sweeping mix or using in situ sampled fluid/sea water mix as culture medium. The effect of environmental changes such as temperature and the absence or presence of sulphur was also investigated. Archaeal and Bacterial...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Culture; Molecular diversity; Metabolism; Hydrothermal vents; Microorganisms; Microbiology; Culture; Diversité moléculaire; Métabolisme; Sources hydrothermales; Micro organismes; Microbiologie.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/these-7295.pdf
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Presence and diversity of anammox bacteria in cold hydrocarbon-rich seeps and hydrothermal vent sediments of the Guaymas Basin ArchiMer
Russ, Lina; Kartal, Boran; Op Den Camp, Huub J. M.; Sollai, Martina; Le Bruchec, Julie; Caprais, Jean-claude; Godfroy, Anne; Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe; Jetten, Mike S. M..
Hydrothermally active sediments are highly productive, chemosynthetic areas which are characterized by the rapid turnover of particulate organic matter under extreme conditions in which ammonia is liberated. These systems might be suitable habitats for anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria but this has not been investigated in detail. Here we report the diversity and abundance of anammox bacteria in sediments that seep cold hydrocarbon-rich fluids and hydrothermal vent areas of the Guaymas Basin in the Cortes Sea using the unique functional anammox marker gene, hydrazine synthase (hzsA). All clones retrieved were closely associated to the "Candidatus Scalindua" genus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clusters of hzsA sequences (Ca....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Anammox; HzsA; AprA; Hydrothermal vents; Cold seep; Sulfide.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00180/29156/27555.pdf
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Morphological, ecological and molecular characterization of the enigmatic planispiral snail genus Adeuomphalus (Vetigastropoda : Seguenzioidea) ArchiMer
Kano, Yasunori; Chikyu, Eri; Waren, Anders.
Adeuomphalus Seguenza, 1876 is a little known genus among the skeneimorph vetigastropods, with very few specimens previously reported alive from the deep sea. We examined newly collected and museum-stored specimens from upper to lower bathyal depths in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Pacific and Indian Oceans and recognize seven recent species in the genus: A. ammoniformis Seguenza, 1876, A. densicostatus (Jeffreys, 1884), A. trochanter Waren & Bouchet, 2001, A. sinuosus (Sykes, 1925) n. comb., A. guillei n. sp., A. elegans n. sp. and A. collinsi n. sp., along with a fossil species, A. bandeli (Schroder, 1995) from the Lower Cretaceous, Poland. These species are characterized by a minute and colourless shell with almost perfectly planispiral whorls, an...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Hydrothermal vents; Seguenziidae mollusca; New Zealand; Gastropoda; Trochoidea; Phylogeny; Pacific; Scandinavia; Turbinidae.
Ano: 2009 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00205/31660/30092.pdf
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Astronomical and atmospheric impacts on deep-sea hydrothermal vent invertebrates ArchiMer
Lelievre, Yann; Legendre, Pierre; Matabos, Marjolaine; Mihaly, Steve; Lee, Raymond W.; Sarradin, Pierre-marie; Arango, Claudia P.; Sarrazin, Jozee.
Ocean tides and winter surface storms are among the main factors driving the dynamics and spatial structure of marine coastal species, but the understanding of their impact on deep-sea and hydrothermal vent communities is still limited. Multidisciplinary deep-sea observatories offer an essential tool to study behavioural rhythms and interactions between hydrothermal community dynamics and environmental fluctuations. Here, we investigated whether species associated with a Ridgeia piscesae tubeworm vent assemblage respond to local ocean dynamics. By tracking variations in vent macrofaunal abundance at different temporal scales, we provide the first evidence that tides and winter surface storms influence the distribution patterns of mobile and non-symbiotic...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Deep-sea observatory; Hydrothermal vents; Macrofaunal abundance; Surface storms; Ocean tides; Time-series analysis.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00380/49122/49554.pdf
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Spatial variation of metal bioaccumulation in the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus ArchiMer
Cosson, R; Thiebaut, E; Company, R; Castrec Rouelle, M; Colaco, A; Martins, I; Sarradin, Pierre-marie; Bebianno, M.
The variability of the bioaccumulation of metals (Ag, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) was extensively studied in the mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus from five hydrothermal vent sites inside three main vent fields of increasing depth along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Menez Gwen, Lucky Strike and Rainbow. Metal bioaccumulation varied greatly between vent fields and even between sites inside a vent field with B. azoricus showing a great capacity to accumulate metals. The bioaccumulation of these metals also varied significantly among tissues. The main target was the gills where metals were mainly associated with soluble compounds whereas in the digestive gland they were mainly associated with insoluble compounds. Storage of metals under insoluble forms in B. azoricus seems...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Bathymodiolus; Mytilids; Hydrothermal vents; Azores; Metals; Bioaccumulation.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-3954.pdf
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Food-web complexity across hydrothermal vents on the Azores triple junction ArchiMer
Portail, Marie; Brandily, Christophe; Cathalot, Cecile; Colaco, Ana; Gelinas, Yves; Husson, Berengere; Sarradin, Pierre-marie; Sarrazin, Jozee.
The assessment and comparison of food webs across various hydrothermal vent sites can enhance our understanding of ecological processes involved in the structure and function of biodiversity. The Menez Gwen, Lucky Strike and Rainbow vent fields are located on the Azores triple junction of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. These fields have distinct depths (from 850 to 2320 m) and geological contexts (basaltic and ultramafic), but share similar faunal assemblages defined by the presence of foundation species that include Bathymodiolus azoricus, alvinocarid shrimp and gastropods. We compared the food webs of 13 faunal assemblages at these three sites using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses (SIA). Results showed that photosynthesis-derived organic matter is a...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Mid-Atlantic Ridge; Hydrothermal vents; Food webs; Stable isotopes; Functional traits.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00414/52551/53732.pdf
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Temporal and spatial variation in temperature experienced by macrofauna at main endeavour Hydrothermal vent field ArchiMer
Lee, Raymond W.; Robert, Katleen; Matabos, Marjolaine; Bates, Amanda E.; Juniper, S. Kim.
A significant focus of hydrothermal vent ecological studies has been to understand how species cope with various stressors through physiological tolerance and biochemical resistance. Yet, the environmental conditions experienced by vent species have not been well characterized. This objective requires continuous observations over time intervals that can capture environmental variability at scales that are relevant to animals. We used autonomous temperature logger arrays (four roughly parallel linear arrays of 12 loggers spaced every 10–12 cm) to study spatial and temporal variations in the thermal regime experienced by hydrothermal vent macrofauna at a diffuse flow vent. Hourly temperatures were recorded over eight months from 2010 to 2011 at Grotto vent...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Hydrothermal vents; Community ecology; Thermal biology; Endeavour; Time-series.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00283/39428/37868.pdf
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MoMAR-D: a technological challenge to monitor the dynamics of the Lucky Strike vent ecosystem ArchiMer
Colaco, Ana; Blandin, Jerome; Cannat, M.; Carval, Thierry; Chavagnac, V.; Connelly, D.; Fabian, M.; Ghiron, S.; Goslin, Jean; Miranda, J. M.; Reverdin, G.; Sarrazin, Jozee; Waldmann, C.; Sarradin, Pierre-marie.
The MoMAR (monitoring the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) project was initiated in 1998 by the InterRidge programme to promote and coordinate long-term multidisciplinary monitoring of hydrothermal vents at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The major objective of the project is to study vent ecosystem dynamics using a multidisciplinary approach from geophysics to microbiology over a period of a few decades. MoMAR-D is a demonstration project of MoMAR, partially funded by the European network of excellence ESONET (http://www.esonet-noe.org/). MoMAR-D aims to deploy and manage a multidisciplinary observing system at the Lucky Strike vent field for 1 year. This large hydrothermal field is located at the centre of one of the most volcanically active segments of the MAR. The...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Hydrothermal vents; Long-term studies; Lucky Strike vent field; MoMAR; Monitoring experiments; Ocean observatories; Technical infrastructure.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00021/13246/13439.pdf
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Integrative taxonomy revisits the ontogeny and trophic niches of Rimicaris vent shrimps ArchiMer
Methou, Pierre; Michel, Loic; Segonzac, Michel; Cambon-bonavita, Marie-anne; Pradillon, Florence.
Among hydrothermal vent species, Rimicaris exoculata is one of the most emblematic, hosting abundant and diverse ectosymbioses that provide most of its nutrition. Rimicaris exoculata co-occurs in dense aggregates with the much less abundant Rimicaris chacei in many Mid-Atlantic Ridge vent fields. This second shrimp also houses ectosymbiotic microorganisms but has a mixotrophic diet. Recent observations have suggested potential misidentifications between these species at their juvenile stages, which could have led to misinterpretations of their early-life ecology. Here, we confirm erroneous identification of the earliest stages and propose a new set of morphological characters unambiguously identifying juveniles of each species. On the basis of this...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Hydrothermal vents; Stable isotopes; Taxonomy; Crustaceans; Life history; Trophic shift.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00640/75227/75368.pdf
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High-resolution dynamics of a deep-sea Hydrothermal mussel assemblage monitored by the EMSO-Açores MoMAR observatory ArchiMer
Sarrazin, Jozee; Cuvelier, Daphne; Peton, Loic; Legendre, P.; Sarradin, Pierre-marie.
Although the spatial distribution of hydrothermal vent assemblages in relation to environmental conditions has been assessed in several studies, there is little documented data on the temporal variation of the fauna and corresponding abiotic factors in a vent community. Here, we present one of the longest integrated (faunal and environmental data) time series ever obtained in a hydrothermal ecosystem. The data were acquired using the TEMPO ecological module that was deployed between 2006 and 2008 on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, providing the first insights into the day-to-day variations in a Bathymodiolus azoricus mussel assemblage from the Lucky Strike vent field for the 48 days during which the video camera operated. The time-series yielded additional...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Hydrothermal vents; Faunal dynamics; Mid-Atlantic Ridge; Deep-sea observatory; Bathymodiolus azoricus mussel assemblages; Sulphide edifices; Environmental conditions.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00189/30023/28508.pdf
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Preliminary biological characterization of the Saldanha hydrothermal field at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (36 degrees 34 ' N, 32 degrees 26 ' W, 2200 m) ArchiMer
Biscoito, M; Almeida, A; Segonzac, Michel.
A preliminary description of the biology of the Saldanha hydrothermal field in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (36 degrees 34'N, 32 degrees 26'W, 2200 m) is given, based on direct observation, video images and samples. Venting occurs mainly in a diffuse way through sediment, but hydrothermal fluid discharges are visible through centimeter-long orifices, scattered on the sediment, over an area of approximately 400 m(2), at depths between 2,200 and 2,220 metres. Emitted fluids are transparent, with a temperature of 7-9 degrees C. An almost complete absence of macro- and megafauna around the venting orifices was found. The only vent invertebrate identified was the gastropod Phymorhynchus sp., with only two juvenile specimens caught. A careful examination of the images...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: New records; Antimora; Acanthonus; Fish; Sponge; Bathyal megafauna; Gastropoda; Fauna assemblage; Mid Atlantic Ridge; Hydrothermal vents.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-3610.pdf
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Characteristics of meiofauna in extreme marine ecosystems: a review ArchiMer
Zeppilli, Daniela; Leduc, Daniel; Fontanier, Christophe; Fontaneto, Diego; Fuchs, Sandra; Gooday, Andrew J.; Goineau, Aurelie; Ingels, Jeroen; Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N.; Kristensen, Reinhardt Mobjerg; Neves, Ricardo Cardoso; Sanchez, Nuria; Sandulli, Roberto; Sarrazin, Jozee; Sorensen, Martin V.; Tasiemski, Aurelie; Vanreusel, Ann; Autret, Marine; Bourdonnay, Louis; Claireaux, Marion; Coquille, Valerie; De Wever, Lisa; Rachel, Durand; Marchant, James; Toomey, Lola; Fernandes, David.
Extreme marine environments cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface and offer many opportunities for investigating the biological responses and adaptations of organisms to stressful life conditions. Extreme marine environments are sometimes associated with ephemeral and unstable ecosystems, but can host abundant, often endemic and well-adapted meiofaunal species. In this review, we present an integrated view of the biodiversity, ecology and physiological responses of marine meiofauna inhabiting several extreme marine environments (mangroves, submarine caves, Polar ecosystems, hypersaline areas, hypoxic/anoxic environments, hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, carcasses/sunken woods, deep-sea canyons, deep hypersaline anoxic basins [DHABs] and hadal zones)....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Extreme environments; Meiofauna; Mangroves; Submarine caves; Polar ecosystems; Melting ice; Hypersaline areas; Anoxic and hypoxic zones; Hydrothermal vents; Cold seeps; Carcasses and sunken woods; Deep sea; Submarine canyons; Deep hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs); Hadal zones.
Ano: 2018 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00410/52140/52851.pdf
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Community structure and temperature dynamics within a mussel assemblage on the Southern East Pacific Rise ArchiMer
Sarrazin, Jozee; Walter, Cecile; Sarradin, Pierre-marie; Brind'Amour, Anik; Desbruyeres, Daniel; Briand, Patrick; Fabri, Marie-claire; Van Gaever, S; Vanreusel, A; Bachraty, Charleyne; Thiebaut, E.
The composition, biomass and diversity of the fauna in a Bathymodiolus thermophilus mussel assemblage colonizing diffuse flow areas on the SEPR is described and compared with biological characteristics of other hydrothermal assemblages. The spatio-temporal dynamics of temperatures over fine scales within the mussel habitat are characterized using newly-developed statistical approaches. Temperature data obtained from two adjacent habitats (a cirriped assemblage and a bare substratum) are compared. The results of the temperature data show that the mean temperature and the temperature variations were significantly higher in the mussel assemblage (mean temperature: 4.12 +/- 1.85 degrees C) in comparison with 2.40 +/- 0.14 degrees C in the cirriped assemblage...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: East Pacific Rise; Temperature dynamics; Biomass; Diversity; Bathymodiolus thermophilus; Mussel assemblage; Hydrothermal vents.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-3570.pdf
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Cryptic species of Archinome (Annelida: Amphinomida) from vents and seeps ArchiMer
Borda, Elizabeth; Kudenov, Jerry D.; Chevaldonne, Pierre; Blake, James A.; Desbruyeres, Damien; Fabri, Marie-claire; Hourdez, Stephane; Pleijel, Fredrik; Shank, Timothy M.; Wilson, Nerida G.; Schulze, Anja; Rouse, Greg W..
Since its description from the Galapagos Rift in the mid-1980s, Archinome rosacea has been recorded at hydrothermal vents in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Only recently was a second species described from the Pacific Antarctic Ridge. We inferred the identities and evolutionary relationships of Archinome representatives sampled from across the hydrothermal vent range of the genus, which is now extended to cold methane seeps. Species delimitation using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) recovered up to six lineages, whereas concatenated datasets (COI, 16S, 28S and ITS1) supported only four or five of these as clades. Morphological approaches alone were inconclusive to verify the identities of species owing to the lack of discrete...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Deep sea; Hydrothermal vents; Cold methane seeps; Cryptic species; Polychaete.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00157/26814/24961.pdf
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Resilience of benthic deep-sea fauna to mining activities ArchiMer
Gollner, Sabine; Kaiser, Stefanie; Menzel, Lena; Jones, Daniel O. B.; Brown, Alastair; Mestre, Nelia C.; Van Oevelen, Dick; Menot, Lenaick; Colaco, Ana; Canals, Miguel; Cuvelier, Daphne; Durden, Jennifer M.; Gebruk, Andrey; Egho, Great A.; Haeckel, Matthias; Marcon, Yann; Mevenkamp, Lisa; Morato, Telmo; Pham, Christopher K.; Purser, Autun; Sanchez-vidal, Anna; Vanreusel, Ann; Vink, Annemiek; Arbizu, Pedro Martinez.
With increasing demand for mineral resources, extraction of polymetallic sulphides at hydrothermal vents, cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts at seamounts, and polymetallic nodules on abyssal plains may be imminent. Here, we shortly introduce ecosystem characteristics of mining areas, report on recent mining developments, and identify potential stress and disturbances created by mining. We analyze species’ potential resistance to future mining and perform meta-analyses on population density and diversity recovery after disturbances most similar to mining: volcanic eruptions at vents, fisheries on seamounts, and experiments that mimic nodule mining on abyssal plains. We report wide variation in recovery rates among taxa, size, and mobility of fauna. While...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Deep ocean; Disturbance; Minerals; Mining; Abyssal plains; Hydrothermal vents; Seamounts; Resilience; Recovery; Benthos.
Ano: 2017 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00382/49291/49690.pdf
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A new deep-sea genus of nannastacidae (Crustacea, cumacea) from the lucky strike hydrothermal vent field (Azores triple junction, mid-atlantic ridge) ArchiMer
Corbera, J; Segonzac, Michel; Cunha, M.
A new cumacean genus and species, Thalycrocuma sarradini gen. et sp. nov., belonging to the family Nannastacidae is described from several sites of the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 37N, 1700 m depth). The new genus differs from others in the family by males lacking exopods on the pereopods 3 and 4 and having an antenna with a five-articulate peduncle and a short flagellum. This is the first cumacean species that could be considered, at the moment, as endemic from hydrothermal vent areas. Data on the accompanying fauna including other cumacean species (Cyclaspis longicaudata, Bathycuma brevirostre, Procampylaspis sp. and Makrokylindrus sp.) and some ecological remarks are included. A key for the currently known genera of the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Systematics; Morphology; Mid Atlantic Ridge; Hydrothermal vents; Deep sea; Cumacea.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4358.pdf
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Recent population expansion and connectivity in the hydrothermal shrimp Rimicaris exoculata along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge ArchiMer
Teixeira, Sara; Cambon-bonavita, Marie-anne; Serrao, Ester A.; Desbruyeres, Daniel; Arnaud-haond, Sophie.
Aim Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are unstable habitats that are both spatially and temporally fragmented. In vent species, a 'short-term insurance' hypothesis would lead us to expect mostly self-recruitment, limiting the loss of larvae in the deep ocean or water column and increasing genetic differentiation over the time elapsed since colonization. Alternatively, a 'long-term insurance' hypothesis would support the prediction of selection for large-scale dispersal, to ensure long-term persistence in these ephemeral habitats. The main goal of this study was to infer the spatial and temporal distribution of genetic diversity of the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata, which forms high-density local populations on hydrothermal vents along the Mid-Atlantic ridge....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Bottleneck; Deep-sea biogeography; Dispersal; Genetic diversity; Hydrothermal vents; Marine biogeography; Mid-Atlantic Ridge; Rimicaris exoculata; Spatio-temporal distribution.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00033/14394/12350.pdf
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Helium isotopes at the Rainbow hydrothermal site (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 36 degrees 14 ' N) ArchiMer
Jean Baptiste, Philippe; Fourre, Elise; Charlou, Jean-luc; German, Christopher; Radford Knoery, Joel.
The He-3/He-4 ratio and helium concentration have been measured in the vent fluids and the dispersing plume of the Rainbow hydrothermal site, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The He-3/He-4 ratio (7.51 R-a) and He-3 end-member concentration (25 pmol/kg) are in the range of observed values elsewhere on mid-ocean ridges, pointing to the relative homogeneity of the upper mantle with respect to helium isotope geochemistry. He-3 is linearly correlated with methane and manganese throughout the plume, with CH4/He-3 and Mn/He-3 ratios identical to those measured in the hot fluids. The bulk residence time of the plume in the rift valley estimated from the plume He-3 budget is similar to20 days. The He-3 flux transported by the plume, calculated from current-meter...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Mid Atlantic Ridge; Heat flux; Isotopes; Hydrothermal vents; Helium.
Ano: 2004 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/publication-772.pdf
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