SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Tisdell, Clement A..

It is argued that while considerable development of animal health economics has occurred in recent decades, it has not yet achieved its potential coverage. It has been mostly applied to livestock, particularly livestock used for commerce, and its application to a range of other animals has been relatively neglected. Extending its coverage also requires widening the type of objectives taken into account in the analysis. Furthermore, the main focus of animal health economics has been on the economics of controlling and managing the occurrence of diseases. The economic role of genetics, the environment, nutrition and the comfort of animals in their health ought to be given greater attention. In the case of zoonoses, the economic analysis should be extended to...

Can Nutrition Labeling Affect Obesity?

Palavras-chave: Animal health economics; Diseases; Health economics; Information economics; Precautionary principle; Public economics; Zoonoses; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Public Economics; I10; Q19.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97472

Do Environmental Interventions Impact Elementary School Students’ Lunchtime Milk Selection?

Arsenault, Joanne E..

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Nutrition labeling; Food labels; Menu labeling; Obesity; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I10; Q18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95753

An Economic Analysis of the Impact of Food Prices and Other Factors on Adult Lifestyles: Choices of Physical Activity and Healthy Weight

Waite, Alexandra; Goto, Keiko; Chan, Kenny; Giovanni, Maria; Wolff, Cindy.

This research examines whether environmentally based intervention strategies increase elementary students’ selection of white milk. At intervention school one, white milk was easily accessible, but students had to ask for chocolate milk. As an outcome, students increased their selection of white milk compared to control school students (p≤0.001). At intervention school two, the visual cue of a threefold greater quantity of white compared to chocolate milk did not significantly alter selection patterns. This research indicates that requiring students to ask for an item rather than self-serve can help modify food selections and serve as a tool for obesity prevention.

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Milk consumption; School lunch; Behavioral economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; A12; I10.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123513

Chen, Yanni; Huffman, Wallace E..

This paper examines women’s and men’s decisions to participate in physical activity and to attain a healthy weight. These outcomes are hypothesized to be related to prices of food, drink and health care services and products, the respondent’s personal characteristics (such as education, reading food labels (signaling a concern for good health), adjusted family income, opportunity cost of time, occupation, marital status, race and ethnicity) and his or her BMI at age 25. These decisions are represented by a trivariate probit model that is fitted to data for adults in the NLSY79 panel with geocodes that have been augmented with local area food, drink and health care prices. Separate analyses are undertaken for men and women due to basic physiological...

The Effect of Retail Grocery Coupons for Breakfast Cereals on Household Purchasing Behavior

Palavras-chave: Physical activity; Obesity; Food prices; Adults; Developed country; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I10; D10; J24.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49987

Berning, Joshua P.; Zheng, Hualu.

We examine the affect of retail and manufacturer coupons on the nutritional quality of breakfast cereal purchases made by households. Using household level purchase data we find that coupon usage has a significant impact on the nutritional quality of cereals purchased by households. Specifically, we find that the average sugar content decreases and the fiber content increases. This suggests that coupons have a positive impact on the nutritional quality of cereals purchased by households, holding all other factors constant. Given the prolific use of coupons by households and the fact that they offer both a price discount and an advertisement for products, they might be an effective way to help guide consumers to healthier food choices.

Obesity, BMI, and Diet Quality: How does the South Measure Up?

Palavras-chave: Coupons; Breakfast cereal; Nutrition; Panel data; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Marketing; D10; I10; M30; C23.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103661

Duffy, Patricia A.; Zizza, Claire A.; Kinnucan, Henry W..

This paper examines regional differences in obesity rates, Body Mass Index (BMI) and dietary quality, using data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Mobile Examination Center (MEC). For women, BMI and obesity prevalence may be higher in the Deep South states, but the difference is explained by demographic characteristics. Diet quality was found to be lower in the South.

Quantifying Obesity in Economic Research: How Misleading is the Body Mass Index?

Palavras-chave: Obesity; Diet quality; Food insecurity; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; I10; I30.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46558

Parks, Joanna C.; Smith, Aaron D.; Alston, Julian M..

Replaced with revised version of paper 07/19/10.

The Distributional Consequences of a Fiscal Food Policy: Evidence From the UK

Palavras-chave: Obesity; Percent body fat (PBF); Body mass index (BMI); Economic costs; Measurement error; Health Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C52; I10.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61841

Salois, Matthew J.; Tiffin, J. Richard.

The extant literature on fat taxes and thin subsidies tends to focus on the overall effectiveness of such fiscal instruments in altering diets and improving health. However, little is known about the welfare impacts of fiscal food policies on society. This paper fills a gap in the literature by assessing the distributional impacts and welfare effects resulting from a tax-subsidy combination on different food groups. Using the methods derived from marginal tax reform theory, a formal welfare economics framework is developed allowing the calculation of the distributional characteristics of various food groups and approximate welfare measures of prices changes caused by a tax-subsidy combination. The distributional characteristics reveal that many of the food...

A Comparison of Actual and Hypothetical Willingness to Pay of Parents and Non-Parents for Protecting Infant Health: The Case of Nitrates in Drinking Water

Palavras-chave: Distributional characteristic; Economic welfare; Fat tax; Indirect tax reform; Obesity; Thin subsidy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; D30; D60; H20; I10; I30.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61360

PEER-EFFECTS IN OBESITY AMONG PUBLIC SCHOOL CHILDREN: A GRADE-LEVEL ANALYSIS

Loomis, John B.; Bell, Paul; Cooney, Helen; Asmus, Cheryl.

We estimate adults’ willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce health risks to their own or other families’ infants to test for altruism. A conjoint analysis of adults paying for bottled water found marginal WTP for reduction in risk of shock, brain damage, and mortality in the cash treatment of $2, $3.70, and $9.43, respectively. In the hypothetical market these amounts were $14, $26, and $66, indicating substantial hypothetical bias, although not unexpected due to the topic of infant health. Statistical tests confirm a high degree of altruism in our WTP results, and altruism held even when real money was involved.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Altruism; Conjoint; Drinking water; Nitrates; Validity; Willingness to pay; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; I10; Q53.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56657

Asirvatham, Jebaraj; Nayga, Rodolfo M., Jr.; Thomsen, Michael R..

We examine the role of peer effects in childhood obesity outcomes by investigating whether obesity rates among the highest graders in a public school has an effect on obesity rates among younger grades. We use a panel dataset with obesity prevalence measured at the grade level. Our data are from Arkansas public schools. Results provide evidence that changes in the obesity prevalence at the highest grade are associated with changes in obesity prevalence at younger grades. The magnitude of the peer effect depends on the type of school, and we find statistically significant peer effects in both elementary and high schools but not in middle schools. These effects are also larger in high schools than in elementary schools. We use falsification tests to provide...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Peer-effects; Obesity; Childhood obesity; Overweight; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D10; D71; I10; Z13.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122732

The Impacts of Fat Taxes and Thin Subsidies on Nutrient Intakes

Salois, Matthew J.; Tiffin, J. Richard.

This paper examines the health effects of a fiscal food policy based on a combination of fat taxes and thin subsidies. The fat tax is based on the saturated fat content of food items while the thin subsidy is applied to select fruit and vegetable items. The policy is designed to be revenue neutral so the subsidy exactly offsets the revenue from the fat tax. A model of food demand is estimated using Bayesian methods that accounts for censoring and infrequency of purchase (the problem of unit values is also discussed). The estimated demand elasticities are used to compute nutrient elasticities which demonstrate how consumption of specific nutrients changes based on price changes in particular foods from the fiscal policy. Results show that although the fat...

Labor Supply, Schooling and the Returns to Healthcare in Tanzania

Palavras-chave: Fat tax; Nutrient elasticities; Obesity; Thin subsidy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D30; D60; H20; I10; I30.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108789

Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Nyshadham, Anant.

We estimate the effects of higher quality healthcare usage on health, labor supply and schooling outcomes for sick individuals in Tanzania. Using exogenous variation in the cost of formal sector healthcare to predict treatment choice, we show that using better quality care improves health outcomes and changes the allocation of time amongst productive activities. In particular, sick adults who receive better quality care reallocate time from non-farm to farm labor, leaving total labor hours unchanged. Among sick children, school attendance significantly increases as a result of receiving higher quality healthcare, but labor allocations are unaffected. We interpret these results as evidence that healthcare has heterogeneous effects on marginal productivity...

Micro-Savings & Informal Insurance in Villages: A Field Experiment on Indirect Effects of Financial Deepening on Safety Nets of the Poor

Palavras-chave: Labor supply; Health shocks; Schooling; Tanzania; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; I10; J22; J43; O12.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107260

Flory, Jeffrey A..

Replaced with revised version of paper 07/28/11. Former title: Indirect Effects of Microfinance: A Field Experiment on Formal Savings Expansion and Informal Safety Nets of the Ultra-Poor

Ascertaining the Impact of the 2000 USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans on the Intake of Calories, Caffeine, Calcium, and Vitamin C from At-Home Consumption of Nonalcoholic Beverages

Palavras-chave: Microfinance; Formal savings; Indirect effects; Safety nets; Poverty; Food security; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; O17; O16; O12; I30; I38; I10.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103905

Dharmasena, Senarath; Capps, Oral, Jr.; Clauson, Annette L..

Obesity is one of the most pressing and widely emphasized health problems in America today. Beverage choices made by households have impacts on determining the intake of calories, calcium, caffeine, and vitamin C. Using data from the Nielsen Homescan Panel over the period 1998–2003, and a two-way random-effects Fuller-Battese error components procedure, we estimate econometric models to examine economic and demographic factors affecting per-capita daily intake of calories, calcium, caffeine, and vitamin C derived from the consumption of nonalcoholic beverages. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of the USDA 2000 Dietary Guidelines in reducing caloric and nutrient intake associated with nonalcoholic beverages.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Nielsen Homescan Panel; Nonalcoholic beverages; Nutrient and caloric intake; USDA Dietary Guidelines; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D10; D12; I10; I18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100632

Factors Influencing the Body Mass Index of Adults in Canada

An Economic Analysis of the Impact of Food Prices and Other Factors on Adult Lifestyles: Choices of Physical Activity and Healthy Weight

Cranfield, John A.L..

This paper explores socio-demographic, economic and behaviour factors influencing body mass index (BMI) amongst 20 to 64 year old adults in Canada. BMI scores in Canada have increased, with gains stemming from disproportionate increases in female BMI. Econometric results indicate higher BMI scores for males, those born in Canada, those in food insecure homes and whites. Age-gender interactions suggest different patterns of BMI adjustment over the life of males and females; a pronounced inverse quadratic relationship between with age and male BMI is noted, while female BMI increases with age. Education, used as a gauge of inequality, is inversely related to BMI, while income has a muted effect. BMI is inversely related to level of physical activity, an...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Obesity; BMI; Canada; Socio-demographic; Economic; Adults; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; I10; J1.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6837

Chen, Yanni; Huffman, Wallace E..

This paper examines women’s and men’s decisions to participate in physical activity and to attain a healthy weight. These outcomes are hypothesized to be related to prices of food, drink and health care services and products, the respondent’s personal characteristics (such as education, reading food labels, adjusted family income, opportunity cost of time, occupation, marital status, race and ethnicity) and his or her BMI at age 25. These decisions are represented by a trivariate probit model that is fitted to data for adults in the NLSY79 panel with geocodes that have been augmented with local area food, drink and health care prices. Separate analyses are undertaken for men and women due to basic physiological differences. Results include: Women and men...

ACT Now or Later: The Economics of Malaria Resistance

Palavras-chave: Physical Activity; Obesity; Food Prices; Adult; United States; Consumer/Household Economics; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; I10; D10; J24.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49291

Laxminarayan, Ramanan.

In the past, malaria control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa have relied on a combination of vector control and effective treatment using chloroquine. With increasing resistance to chloroquine, attention has now turned to alternative treatment strategies to replace this failing drug. Although there are strong theoretical arguments in favor of switching to more expensive artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs), the validity of these arguments in the face of financial constraints has not been previously analyzed. In this paper, we use a Bioeconomic model of malaria transmission and evolution of drug resistance to examine questions of optimal treatment strategy and coverage when drug resistance places an additional constraint on choices available to the...

MOVING TO THE LAND OF FROSTED CAKES AND FRIED FOOD: IMMIGRANT OBESITY IN THE U.S.

Palavras-chave: Malaria; Mathematical models; Drug resistance; Bioeconomics; Health Economics and Policy; I10; I19; C61.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10699

Liu, Jing; Waldorf, Brigitte S..

The paper focuses on body weight gain among immigrants in the US. The emphasis is on disentangling different time lines that are relevant in the context of immigration and acculturation, namely length of exposure to the high obesity culture, age at immigration, year of immigration and aging. Using data from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), we find that (1) acculturation is associated with higher BMIs for the 1st generation, but not the 1.5 generation; (2) immigration at an early age (before 12) facilitates acculturation progress and drives BMI convergence to natives; (3) the effect of sojourn length in the host country is unstable across model specifications; (4) BMI differences between Asian and Latino immigrants are partly due to...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Immigration; Obesity; Acculturation; Health Economics and Policy; I10; J15.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120896

Public Policies and the Demand for Carbonated Soft Drinks: A Censored Quantile Regression Approach

Gustavsen, Geir Waehler.

Heavy consumption of soda may contribute to obesity, strokes, and cardiac problems. From a health perspective, the distribution of the consumption is at least as important as the mean. Censored as well as ordinary quantile regression techniques were used to estimate the demand for sugary soda based on household data from 1989 to 1999. It was found that heavy drinkers are more price- and expenditure-responsive than are light drinkers. The study shows that increasing the taxes on carbonated soft drinks will lead to a small reduction in consumption for small and moderate consumers and a huge reduction for heavy consumers.

Healthcare Choices, Information and Health Outcomes

Palavras-chave: Soda demand; Quantile regression; Taxes; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; I10.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24737

Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Nyshadham, Anant.

Self-selection into healthcare options on the basis of severity likely biases estimates of the effects of healthcare choice on health outcomes. Using an instrumental variables strategy which exploits exogenous variation in the cost of formal-sector care, we show that using such care to treat acute sickness decreases the incidence of fever and malaria in young children in Tanzania. Compared to the instrumental variables estimates, ordinary least squares estimates significantly understate the effects of formal-sector healthcare use on health outcomes. Improved information and more timely treatment, rather than greater access to medicines, seem to be the primary mechanisms for this effect.