SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Aromolaran, Adebayo B..

Economists have argued that increasing female schooling positively influences the labor supply of married women by inducing a faster rise in market productivity relative to non-market productivity. I use the Nigerian Labor Force Survey to investigate how own and husbands schooling affect womens labor market participation. I find that additional years of postsecondary education increases wage market participation probability by as much as 15.2%. A marginal increase in primary schooling has no effect on probability of wage employment, but could enhance participation rates in self-employment by about 5.40%. These effects are likely to be stronger when a woman is married to a more educated spouse. The results suggest that primary education is more productive...

Teaching with Technology to Engage Students and Enhance Learning

Palavras-chave: Nigeria; Female schooling; Womens labor market participation; Non-market productivity; Labor and Human Capital; I21; J22; J24; O15.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28451

Lass, Daniel A.; Morzuch, Bernard J.; Rogers, Richard T..

Teaching technology effects on student learning in a large lecture introductory statistics course were tested. Findings show in-class personal response systems and on-line homework/quizzes significantly improve student exam scores. We infer proven small class techniques, participating in class and doing homework via technologies, can restore sound pedagogy in larger classes. The experiment was conducted using just one class, but factors usually unaccounted for in assessment research were controlled, especially the instructor and other materials. The technologies investigated here can provide learning benefits to students even in larger courses often criticized for their inability to provide students quality learning experiences.

Agricultural Economics Education in Ukrainian Agricultural Universities: An Efficiency Analysis Using Data Envelopment Analysis

Palavras-chave: Teaching; Technology; Statistics; Active learning; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; A22; C9; C21; I21.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14509

Lissitsa, Alexej; Coelli, Tim J.; Rao, D.S. Prasada.

Ukraine's transition from a centrally-planned to a market economy has had a profound effect upon its agricultural sector and agricultural universities. A substantial reduction in state financing has forced universities to adopt a range of survival strategies, with varying degrees of success. In this paper we use data envelopment analysis to examine the technical efficiency of 44 agricultural economics programs from 19 Ukrainian universities during the 2002/03 academic year. Our empirical results indicate wide disparities in performance, ranging from 36% to 100% technical efficiency. A second-stage analysis suggests that factors such as student demand, commercial activities and staff quality help explain a portion of this variation.

Non-Parametric Approaches to Education and Health Efficiency in OECD Countries

Palavras-chave: Higher education; Ukraine; Efficiency; Data envelopment analysis; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; I21; C14; Q16.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24482

Afonso, Antonio; St. Aubyn, Miguel.

We address the efficiency in education and health sectors for a sample of OECD countries by applying two alternative non-parametric methodologies: FDH and DEA. Those are two areas where public expenditure is of great importance so that findings have strong implications in what concerns public sector efficiency. When estimating the efficiency frontier we focus on measures of quantity inputs. We believe this approach to be advantageous since a country may well be efficient from a technical point of view but appear as inefficient if the inputs it uses are expensive. Efficient outcomes across sectors and analytical methods seem to cluster around a small number of core countries, even if for different reasons: Japan, Korea and Sweden.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Education; Health; Expenditure efficiency; Production possibility frontier; FDH; DEA; C14; H51; H52; I18; I21; I28.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37107

The Killer Course Hypothesis

Gardner, Justin G..

Due to recent legislative changes, universities in Tennessee will receive funding based on student retention and graduation rates rather than enrollment. In light of these changes it is important that academics in all disciplines study retention rates in order to identify areas for improvement. I investigate the impact of “killer courses” on student retention both in the school of agriculture and in the general student population. In addition I explore alternative frameworks for addressing retention issues.

Changes in Returns to Education in India, 1983-94: By Gender, Age-Cohort and Location

Palavras-chave: Analysis of Education; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; I21.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98798

Duraisamy, P..

There is hardly any estimate of the returns to schooling in India based on a national level representative data for the recent period. This paper provides estimates of the returns to education in India by gender, age cohort and location (by rural-urban) for the most recent period 1993/4, and also evaluates the changes in returns over a period of time from 1983-94 using a large national level household survey data. The data show that the returns to education increases up to the secondary level and declines thereafter. There is evidence of substantial gender and rural-urban differences in the returns to schooling. The returns to women's education for the primary and middle levels have declined while those for secondary and college levels have increased...

Farm Productivity and Efficiency in Rural Bangladesh: The Role of Education Revisited

Palavras-chave: Rate of return; Human capital; India; Labor and Human Capital; J31; I21.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28505

Asadullah, M. Niaz; Rahman, Sanzidur.

This paper reassesses the debate over the role of education in farm pro duction in Bangladesh using a large dataset on rice producing hous eholds from 141 villages. Average and stochastic production frontier functions are estimated to ascertain the effect of education on productivity and efficiency. A full set of proxies for farm education stock variables are incorporated to investigate the 'internal' as well as 'external' returns to education. The external effect is investigated in the context of rural neighborhoods. Our analysis reveals that in addition to raising rice productivity and boosting potential output, household education significantly reduces production inefficiencies. However, we are unable to find any evidence of externality benefit of...

Education and Socioeconomic Well-Being in Racially Diverse Rural Counties

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Returns to education; Stochastic production frontier; Bangladesh; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis; I21; Q12; N5.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25482

Mykerezi, Elton; Mills, Bradford F.; Gomes, Sonya.

This paper examines trends in the socioeconomic well-being in rural counties where Black residents represent one third or more of the population. These racially diverse rural counties (RDRCs) are located exclusively in the rural South and generally have low levels of economic well-being. On a positive note, college education levels in RDRCs are found to have increased rapidly between 1990 and 2000. Regression analysis suggests that these increases were in part due to the concentration of Historically Black Colleges and Universities in the region. Local investments in K-12 education are also found to be linked to county education levels.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Blacks; Public education; Public investment; Rural South; R12; I21; R53.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37959

Determinants of School Attainment of Boys and Girls in Turkey

Tansel, Aysit.

This study investigates the determinants of school attainments of boys and girls in Turkey. Although high levels of enrollments have been achieved at the primary school level for both boys and girls in much of Turkey, substantial regional differences remain. In particular, in the Southeastern region, girls begin to drop out of school around the third grade. Only half of the primary school graduates register at the middle level. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of educational attainments at the primary, middle and high school levels. Attainments of boys and girls are examined separately so as to shed light on the causes for the significantly lower level of attainment for girls. Understanding the constraints causing the large...

THE ROLE OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AMONG IMMIGRANTS IN U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS

Palavras-chave: School attainments; Gender; Turkey; Labor and Human Capital; I21; J16.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28519

Waldorf, Brigitte S.; Beckhusen, Julia; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; de Graaff, Thomas.

Segregation by race, ethnicity and income is a persistent feature of U.S. cities and communities, and ethnic enclaves have formed ever since immigration became more diverse. For low-skilled immigrants in particular, settling in an ethnic enclave may offer important opportunities and facilitate coping with the new environment. However, immigrant enclaves may also foster occupational segregation and retard assimilation, with the willingness to invest in language acquisition playing a key role. This paper expands on earlier work focusing on the linkage between spatial segregation and language acquisition. Using data from the 2000 U.S. Census the study stratifies immigrants by their location in one of four metropolitan areas by educational attainment and...

Training centers of a new type

Palavras-chave: Immigration; Human capital; Language acquisition; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Public Economics; I21; J10; R20.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48643

Formando microempresarias: impacto de la capacitación empresarial en las instituciones de microfinanzas y sus socias

Rakhmanbaeva, Roza.

Necessity for innovative production development sets the new requirements for content, organization, forms and methods of management activity. Non-traditional tasks faced by the present system of human resources management require the similar type of non-traditional methodological approaches and tools for social diagnosis, training and management of people in new situations. Therefore special attention should be also given to development of new type training centers that act as concentration of continuous training through forming the networks of comparative analysis and detecting the best practice.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Innovating education; Human resource; Development of management; Education centers.; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; D80; I21; I23; O31.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94730

Karlan, Dean S.; Valdivia, Martin.

Los debates académicos y de políticas acerca de la actividad microempresarial se centran frecuentemente en las restricciones crediticias, asumiendo que los negocios se manejan de manera óptima dadas esas y otras restricciones. Los microempresarios, sin embargo, raramente tienen capacitación formal en gestión empresarial. Por su parte, un número creciente de instituciones de microfinanzas (IMF), en el Perú y el mundo, procura construir el capital humano de estos microempresarios para mejorar sus niveles de vida, contribuyendo a su misión de reducir la pobreza. Con ayuda de un diseño experimental, en este estudio medimos el impacto marginal de agregar un componente de capacitación en gestión empresarial a un programa de servicios financieros que atiende a...

The Effect of Continuing Education Participation on Agricultural Worker Outcomes

Palavras-chave: Microempresarios; Microfinanzas; Pequeñas empresas; Mujeres; Capacitacion; Small enterprises; Training; Women; Peru; Financial Economics; C93; D12; D13; D21; I21; J24; O12.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91358

Pena, Anita Alves.

Migrant farmworkers are among the poorest members of the working class served by the U.S. public workforce investment system. The National Farmworker Jobs Program (NFJP) provides job training and employment assistance to migrant and seasonal farmworkers and their dependents. While stated goals include assisting migrant farmworkers increase “economic stability” by steadying agricultural employment and developing job skills, little empirical evidence exists as to the effectiveness of these programs. This study investigates the effects of continuing education participation on wages, time worked in agriculture, and poverty in this population. Data come from the U.S. Department of Labor’s National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS), a nationally and regionally...

IMPROVING EVALUATION FORMS OF INDUSTRY PROGRAMS

Palavras-chave: Returns to education; Adult education programs; Agriculture; Migrant education; Migrant and seasonal farmworkers; NAWS; Farm Management; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; I21; I32; J43.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61587

Roucan-Kane, Maud.

The Center for Food and Agricultural Business at Purdue University has improved its evaluation forms to better gather the information needed by the educational team (instructors, program managers, marketing managers). The investigators interviewed staff, instructors and other/similar educational providers to determine the information the evaluation forms need to collect. In depth literature research has also helped determine better what was done elsewhere. Several conclusions have been drawn as a result of this work. First, the evaluation forms used have been redesigned and improved. Secondly, the investigators realized that an evaluation form was not the only assessment tool they should be using for their educational programs.

Does Close Count? School Proximity, School Quality, and Residential Property Values

Palavras-chave: Evaluation; Industry programs; Agribusiness; Executive education; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; I21; I23; Q16.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55538

Owusu-Edusei, Kwame; Espey, Molly; Lin, Huiyan.

This study jointly estimates the impact of school quality and school proximity on residential property values in Greenville, South Carolina. While quality is found to be capitalized into residential property values, the degree of capitalization depends on school level and proximity to each school for which the house is zoned for attendance. In general, there is positive value associated with closer proximity to schools of all levels, and negative value associated with a significantly longer than average distance to schools. In terms of quality rankings, excellence at the elementary and high school levels has the strongest impact on property values.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Hedonics; Park proximity; School proximity; School quality; Land Economics/Use; I21; O18; R21.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6609

Discussion: Human Capital and Rural Economic Development

Effects on School Enrollment and Performance of a Conditional Transfers Program in Mexico

Barefield, Alan.

One of the most critical elements of a nation’s social infrastructure is its system of education. Concerns with accessibility, achievement, and choice are significant elements in determining the quality of life for all communities, but most especially for rural communities where resources, and in many cases, opportunities, are perceived to be less plentiful than for their urban and suburban counterparts.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Education; Pre-kindergarten; Discipline; Community colleges; Rural; Economic development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; I21; R11.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53090

Dubois, Pierre; de Janvry, Alain; Sadoulet, Elisabeth.

We study the effects of a conditional transfers program on school enrollment and performance in Mexico. We provide a theoretical framework for analyzing the dynamic educational decision and process including the endogeneity and uncertainty of performance (passing grades) and the effect of a conditional cash transfer program for children enrolled at school. Careful identification of the program impact on this model is studied. This framework is used to study the Mexican social program Progresa in which a randomized experiment has been implemented and allows us to identify the effect of the conditional cash transfer program on enrollment and performance at school. Using the rules of the conditional program, we can explain the different incentive effects...

Inside the 'Black Box' of Project Star: Estimation of Peer Effects Using Experimental Data

Palavras-chave: Education demand; Schooling decisions; School performance; Dynamic decisions; Treatment effects; Transfer program; Randomized experiment; Mexico.; Labor and Human Capital; C14; C25; D91; H52; H53; I21; I28; J24.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25064

Boozer, Michael A.; Cacciola, Stephen E..

The credible identification of endogenous peer group effects i.e. social multiplier or feedback effects has long eluded social scientists. We argue that such effects are most credibly identified by a randomly assigned social program which operates at differing intensities within and between peer groups. The data we use are from Project STAR, a class size reduction experiment conducted in Tennessee elementary schools. In these data, classes were comprised of varying fractions of students who had previously been exposed to the Small class treatment, creating class groupings of varying experimentally induced quality. We use this variation in class group quality to estimate the spillover effect. We find that when allowance is made for this feedback effect...

GUIDE FOR PROGRAM EVALUATION

Palavras-chave: Peer effects; Data with a group structure; Organization of schooling; Experimental evidence; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Z13; C51; C81; I21; C23.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28524

Roucan-Kane, Maud; Suttles, Joseph.

Extension programs must be evaluated in order to assess their value to participants, institutions, funders, and all other stakeholders. Evaluations can be especially useful when the program has specific objectives that are measurable, either qualitatively and quantitatively. There are many different methods and formats for evaluation, and choosing the correct evaluation can be critical to ensuring the accuracy and relevance of the evaluation results. Considerable thought must be put into determining the correct method for an evaluation, and they must always be focused on the specific objectives of the extension program. After administering an evaluation, the results should be communicated back to the stakeholders of the program in an effective manner...

How Homophily Affects Learning and Diffusion in Networks

Palavras-chave: Extension program; Evaluation; LOGIC; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q16; I21; I23.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48538

Golub, Benjamin; Jackson, Matthew O..

We examine how three different communication processes operating through social networks are affected by homophily - the tendency of individuals to associate with others similar to themselves. Homophily has no effect if messages are broadcast or sent via shortest paths; only connection density matters. In contrast, homophily substantially slows learning based on repeated averaging of neighbors' information and Markovian diffusion processes such as the Google random surfer model. Indeed, the latter processes are strongly affected by homophily but completely independent of connection density, provided this density exceeds a low threshold. We obtain these results by establishing new results on the spectra of large random graphs and relating the spectra to...