SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

A Path Dependency and Cluster Competitiveness Framework to Examine Regional Marketing Systems and Conflicts

Nelson, Gerald C..

Higher education is under pressure from state legislatures and other clients to reduce costs. Two information technologies - increased computing power on the desktop and the World Wide Web - have shifted out the meta production function for instruction in higher education. The theory of induced innovation provides hypotheses about the kinds of educational practices that will attract technological change. Several sources of inefficiency in higher education are identified and likely technology-driven changes suggested. These innovations will provide the means to reduce costs in higher education.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Induced innovation; Learning technologies; World Wide Web; Agribusiness; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.

Ano: 1996

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90399

Woods, Timothy A.; Cook, Roberta L..

This paper develops a framework for competitiveness that incorporates path dependency within production regions. Patterns of technological innovation, product development, institutions, and market orientation follow a certain local path. This evolution creates regional economies that emerge with unexpected competitive advantage. The model draws on previous work looking at, among other things, induced innovation. The framework is applied here to the major regional tomato producers in North America. The paper examines the role of various institutions (grower associations, governments, research institutions, and support industry) in influencing the path along which a regional sector evolves.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Competitiveness; Induced innovation; Path dependency; Q13; Q16; Q17.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43206

The Induced Innovation Hypothesis and Energy-Saving Technological Change

Newell, Richard G.; Jaffe, Adam B.; Stavins, Robert N..

We develop a methodology for testing Hick's induced innovation hypothesis by estimating a product-characteristics model of energy-using consumer durables, augmenting the hypothesis to allow for the influence of government regulations. For the products we explored, the evidence suggests: (i) the rate of overall innovation was independent of energy prices and regulations, (ii) the direction of innovation was responsive to energy price changes for some products but not for others, (iii) energy price changes induced changes in the subset of technically feasible models that were offered for sale, (iv) this responsiveness increased substantially during the period after energy-efficiency product labeling was required, and (v) nonetheless, a sizeable portion of...

Induced Technological Change in Canadian Agriculture Field Crops - Canola and Wheat: 1926-2003

Palavras-chave: Induced innovation; Energy efficiency; Technological change; Economic incentives; Regulation; Standards; Climate change; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L51; O31; O38; Q40; Q20; Q48.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10521

Mupondwa, Edmund K..

A tractable two-stage constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function is applied to disaggregated western Canadian wheat and canola data for 1926-2003 to investigate the induced innovation hypothesis. Time series properties of the data are analyzed using cointegration and error correction to assess causality in differentiating between technological change and factor substitution. The results provide empirical support for the hypothesis with respect to prairie wheat and canola production.

Induced Innovations and Foreign Workers in U.S. Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Disaggregated data; Induced innovation; Stationarity; Unit roots; Cointegration; Vector error correction model; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19333

Napasintuwong, Orachos; Emerson, Robert D..

A cost function approach of induced innovation is used to measure the biases in U.S. agricultural technology between 1948-1994. The results show significant labor-saving, capital-using technical change. Focusing on the impact of migration policy on labor-saving technology, a simulaton of different rates of labor-saving technical change is conducted. The simulation shows decreases in elasticity of labor demand and demand quantity, and an increase in wage rate as technology becomes more labor-saving.

Price-Induced Technological Change in Italian Agriculture: An SGM Restricted Cost Function Approach (1951-91)

Palavras-chave: Induced innovation; Biased technical change; Foreign labor; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160; J430; O300.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15641

Esposti, Roberto; Pierani, Pierpaolo.

This paper aims at investigating the price-induced innovation hypothesis in Italian agriculture over the years 1951 to 1991. Price-inducement hypothesis is analysed and tested within the framework proposed by Peeters and Surry (2000). The major difference is the short-run specification of the dual technology. Distinguishing between variable and quasi-fixed inputs allows both a more realistic representation of how relative prices may affect innovation and input use over time and a detailed decomposition of the relevant biases in input use. Results provide evidence in favour of price-inducement innovation in Italian agriculture.

Transition to Sustainable Tropical Land Management

Palavras-chave: Induced innovation; Italian agriculture; SGM restricted cost function; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24662

Burger, Kees.

Following the example of Tiffen et al. on Machakos, Kenya, new macro-based evidence was collected in Machakos, the neighbouring Kitui district and in Benin, Cameroon and the Philippines, to assess the factors à la Boserup, inducing transitions towards sustainable land management, such as terracing, stone bands etc. We find that relative scarcity of land can be seen to induce technical changes, in the sense of Hayami & Ruttan, that correspond to the new relative scarcity, making higher man-land ratios the optimal choice.

Using different groups of technological progress as input for sector modeling

Palavras-chave: Soil and water conservation; Sustainable agriculture; Induced innovation; Boserup; Malthus; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q21; Q28.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24517

Vander Vennet, B.; Lauwers, Ludwig H..

This poster aims at describing different groups of technology use within a farm population and at delivering realistic prognoses of their future status as input for sector modeling. This because sector models are in many cases not based on reasonable technological progress estimations or too simplified as normative estimation or seen as mere extrapolation of past evolutions. The classification and utilization of technology groups is done for livestock activities, but illustrated hereafter for the finishing pigs activities. The research is worked out in three phases: • Organizational aspects of tuning information demand and supply; • Identification of technology groups; • Evolution of technology groups. Following techniques are used to identify the...

Labor Substitutability in Labor Intensive Agriculture and Technological Change in the Presence of Foreign Labor

Palavras-chave: Technology; Sector modeling; Induced innovation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44168

Napasintuwong, Orachos; Emerson, Robert D..

The Morishima elasticity of substitution (MES) is estimated to address factor substitutability in Florida agriculture during 1960-1999. By adopting a profit maximization model of induced innovation theory, the MES's between hired and self-employed labor and the MES's between labor and capital provide implications for future immigration policies.

Induced Innovation in Italy: An Error Correction Model for the Period 1968-2002

Palavras-chave: Morhishima elasticity of substitution; Induced innovation; Biased technical change; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q160; J430; O300.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15649

Baldi, Lucia; Casati, Dario.

In this work we utilise CES approach where factor ratios (mechanical power/labour and fertilizer/land) are regressed on price ratios and efficiency parameters (public and private R&D) to obtain a direct test of the induced innovation in Italian case for the period 1968-2002. Provided that inducement hypothesis implies a long run relationship an error correction model (ECM) is estimated to separate long-run effect, that is technological innovation, from short-run effects, that is factors substitution. The results corroborate the induced innovation hypothesis and underline the importance of private R&D in Italian agriculture.

Immigrant Workers and Technological Change in U.S. Agriculture: A Profit Maximization Approach of Induced Innovation

Palavras-chave: Induced innovation; ECM; Italian agriculture; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24590

Napasintuwong, Orachos; Emerson, Robert D..

This paper analyzes changes in U.S. agricultural technology during 1960-1999, emphasizing the role of immigrant workers on farm mechanization. The rates and directions of biased technological change based on the induced innovation theory are compared before and after the passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 which was intended to reduce employment of unauthorized workers. Unlike previous studies of induced innovation, this paper develops a new theoretical and empirical model of induced innovation using a profit maximization approach. The contribution of the profit maximization approach is that it allows changes in output combinations as a result of technological change. We found that the technology was biased against hired and...

Technological Change and the Environment

Palavras-chave: Immigrant workers; Farm mechanization; Technological change; Induced innovation; Profit function model; Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; J43; J6; O3; Q55.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25505

Jaffe, Adam B.; Newell, Richard G.; Stavins, Robert N..

Environmental policy discussions increasingly focus on issues related to technological change. This is partly because the environmental consequences of social activity are frequently affected by the rate and direction of technological change, and partly because environmental policy interventions can themselves create constraints and incentives that have significant effects on the path of technological progress. This paper, prepared as a chapter draft for the forthcoming Handbook of Environmental Economics (North-Holland/Elsevier Science), summarizes current thinking on technological change in the broader economics literature, surveys the growing economic literature on the interaction between technology and the environment, and explores the normative...