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Net Taxpayer Cost of WIC Infant Formula AgEcon
Levedahl, J. William; Reed, Albert J..
This paper combines expressions for infant formula retail price flexibilities of the contract brand with respect to the rebate and participant demand presented by Reed and Levedahl (2012)with historical data on rebates and participant demand to calculate how the magnitude of net taxpayer costs has been affected by changes in rebates and participant demand. These results are used to compare the relative impact of these variables on the net cost to taxpayers of WIC infant formula and to evaluate how effective sole-source contracts have been at containing taxpayer costs.
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Cost containment; Infant formula rebates; WIC participant demand; Sole-source contracts; Agricultural and Food Policy; Public Economics; Q11; Q18.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124073
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The Determination of National Retail and Wholesale Prices of Infant Formula AgEcon
Levedahl, J. William; Reed, Albert J..
Changes in both retail and wholesale infant formula prices can affect the ability of WIC to supply infant formula to participants. This paper constructs a joint relationship that links national wholesale and retail infant formula prices to economic and policy variables. This joint framework provides a richer interpretation of current issues and questions associated with these markets than frameworks intent on explaining either retail or wholesale prices alone. We show how this framework can be implemented empirically, and demonstrate how it can be used to obtain empirical estimates of retail and wholesale price flexibilities with respect to rebates, and with respect to changes in WIC participation. Both have implications for cost containment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Women; Infant and Children Program; Infant formula rebates; Price analysis; Food Security and Poverty; I38; D40.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19274
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