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Registros recuperados: 81 | |
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Rossato,Janine I.; Zinn,Carolina G.; Furini,Cristiane; Bevilaqua,Lia R.M.; Medina,Jorge H.; Cammarota,Martín; Izquierdo,Iván. |
Two major memory systems have been recognized over the years (Squire 1987): the declarative memory system, which is under the control of the hippocampus and related temporal lobe structures, and the procedural or habit memory system, which is under the control of the striatum and its connections. Most if not all learning tasks studied in animals, however, involve either the performance or the suppression of movement; this, if learned well, may be viewed as having become a habit. It is agreed that memory rules change from their first association to those that take place when the task is mastered. Does this change of rules involve a switch from one memory system to another? Here we will comment on: 1) reversal learning in the Morris water maze (MWM), in... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Hippocampus; Striatum; Declarative memory; Procedural memory; Habits; Learning. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652006000300011 |
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AMORIM,JOANA D.C.G. DE; TRAVNIK,ISADORA; SOUSA,BERNADETE M. DE. |
Lizards' caudal autotomy is a complex and vastly employed antipredator mechanism, with thorough anatomic adaptations involved. Due to its diminished size and intricate structures, vertebral anatomy is hard to be clearly conveyed to students and researchers of other areas. Three-dimensional models are prodigious tools in unveiling anatomical nuances. Some of the techniques used to create them can produce irregular and complicated forms, which despite being very accurate, lack didactical uniformity and simplicity. Since both are considered fundamental characteristics for comprehension, a simplified model could be the key to improve learning. The model here presented depicts the caudal osteology of Tropidurus itambere, and was designed to be concise, in order... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Anatomy; 3D modeling; Teaching; Learning; Tropidurus itambere. |
Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652015000100063 |
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ROMAGUERA,FERNANDA; MATTIOLI,ROSANA. |
This work investigated the effect of the Hj receptor blockade in the forebrain of ablated Carassius auratus in a simple stimulus-response learning task using a T-maze test with positive reinforcement. The goldfish were submitted to surgery for removal of both telencephalic lobes five days before beginning the experiment. A T-shaped glass aquarium was employed, with two feeders located at the extremities of the long arm. One of the two feeders was blocked. The experimental triáis were performed in nine consecutive days. Each fish was individually placed in the short arm and confined there for thirty seconds, then it was allowed to swim through the aquarium to search for food for ten minutes (máximum period). Time to find food was analysed in seconds.... |
Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Histamine; Learning; Teleost fish; Telencephalon. |
Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602008000300010 |
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Das,A.; Franca,J.G.; Gattass,R.; Kaas,J.H.; Nicolelis,M.A.L.; Timo-Iaria,C.; Vargas,C.D.; Weinberger,N.M.; Volchan,E.. |
This article is an edited transcription of a virtual symposium promoted by the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC). Although the dynamics of sensory and motor representations have been one of the most studied features of the central nervous system, the actual mechanisms of brain plasticity that underlie the dynamic nature of sensory and motor maps are not entirely unraveled. Our discussion began with the notion that the processing of sensory information depends on many different cortical areas. Some of them are arranged topographically and others have non-topographic (analytical) properties. Besides a sensory component, every cortical area has an efferent output that can be mapped and can influence motor behavior. Although new behaviors... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Visual; Somatosensory; Auditory; Motor; Cortex; Topography; Learning; Synesthesia. |
Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001001200001 |
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Murphy,C.F.B.; Schochat,E.. |
The objective of this study was to investigate the phenomenon of learning generalization of a specific skill of auditory temporal processing (temporal order detection) in children with dyslexia. The frequency order discrimination task was applied to children with dyslexia and its effect after training was analyzed in the same trained task and in a different task (duration order discrimination) involving the temporal order discrimination too. During study 1, one group of subjects with dyslexia (N = 12; mean age = 10.9 ± 1.4 years) was trained and compared to a group of untrained dyslexic children (N = 28; mean age = 10.4 ± 2.1 years). In study 2, the performance of a trained dyslexic group (N = 18; mean age = 10.1 ± 2.1 years) was compared at three... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Temporal order detection; Learning; Dyslexia; Children. |
Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2010000400007 |
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Blanchard,C.; Blanchard,R.; Fellous,J.-M.; Guimarães,F.S.; Irwin,W.; LeDoux,J.E.; McGaugh,J.L.; Rosen,J.B.; Schenberg,L.C.; Volchan,E.; Da Cunha,C.. |
This article is a transcription of an electronic symposium in which active researchers were invited by the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC) to discuss the advances of the last decade in the neurobiology of emotion. Four basic questions were debated: 1) What are the most critical issues/questions in the neurobiology of emotion? 2) What do we know for certain about brain processes involved in emotion and what is controversial? 3) What kinds of research are needed to resolve these controversial issues? 4) What is the relationship between learning, memory and emotion? The focus was on the existence of different neural systems for different emotions and the nature of the neural coding for the emotional states. Is emotion the result of the... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Emotion; Fear; Anxiety; Learning; Memory; Amygdala; Nucleus accumbens; Periaqueductal gray matter. |
Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001000300001 |
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Baddeley,A.; Bueno,O; Cahill,L.; Fuster,J.M.; Izquierdo,I.; McGaugh,J.L.; Morris,R.G.M.; Nadel,L.; Routtenberg,A.; Xavier,G.; Da Cunha,C.. |
This article is a transcription of an electronic symposium in which some active researchers were invited by the Brazilian Society for Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC) to discuss the last decade's advances in neurobiology of learning and memory. The way different parts of the brain are recruited during the storage of different kinds of memory (e.g., short-term vs long-term memory, declarative vs procedural memory) and even the property of these divisions were discussed. It was pointed out that the brain does not really store memories, but stores traces of information that are later used to create memories, not always expressing a completely veridical picture of the past experienced reality. To perform this process different parts of the brain act as... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Memory; Learning; Hippocampus; Prefrontal; Cortex; Amygdala; Memory systems. |
Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2000000900002 |
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Angelucci,M.E.M.; Cesário,C.; Hiroi,R.H.; Rosalen,P.L.; Cunha,C. Da. |
We studied some of the characteristics of the improving effect of the non-specific adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine, using an animal model of learning and memory. Groups of 12 adult male Wistar rats receiving caffeine (0.3-30 mg/kg, ip, in 0.1 ml/100 g body weight) administered 30 min before training, immediately after training, or 30 min before the test session were tested in the spatial version of the Morris water maze task. Post-training administration of caffeine improved memory retention at the doses of 0.3-10 mg/kg (the rats swam up to 600 cm less to find the platform in the test session, P<=0.05) but not at the dose of 30 mg/kg. Pre-test caffeine administration also caused a small increase in memory retrieval (the escape path of the rats... |
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Memory; Learning; Caffeine; Methylxanthines; Adenosine receptor antagonist; Morris water maze. |
Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2002001000013 |
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Abrams, Jesse B; Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; jabrams@uoregon.edu; Knapp, Melanie; U.S. Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution, Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation; previous: Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; knapp@udall.gov; Paveglio, Travis B; Department Of Natural Resources and Society, University of Idaho; tpaveglio@uidaho.edu; Ellison, Autumn; Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; autumne@uoregon.edu; Moseley, Cassandra; Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; cmoseley@uoregon.edu; Nielsen-Pincus, Max; Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University; maxnp@pdx.edu; Carroll, Matthew S; School of the Environment, Washington State University; carroll@wsu.edu. |
Prompted by a series of increasingly destructive, expensive, and highly visible wildfire crises in human communities across the globe, a robust body of scholarship has emerged to theorize, conceptualize, and measure community-level resilience to wildfires. To date, however, insufficient consideration has been given to wildfire resilience as a process of adaptive governance mediated by institutions at multiple scales. Here we explore the possibilities for addressing this gap through an analysis of wildfire resilience among wildland-urban interface communities in the western region of the United States. We re-engage important but overlooked components of social-ecological system resilience by situating rural communities within their state- to national-level... |
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Disaster resilience; Institutions; Learning; Scale-matching; Wildfire; Wildland-urban interface. |
Ano: 2015 |
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Bouamrane, Meriem; UNESCO MAB; m.bouamrane@unesco.org; Spierenburg, Marja; Department of Anthropology and Development Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen; M.Spierenburg@maw.ru.nl; Agrawal, Arun; University of Michigan; arunagra@umich.edu; Etienne, Michel; INRA; jlmichel.etienne@laposte.net; Le Page, Christophe; CIRAD-UPR GREEN; le_page@cirad.fr; Levrel, Harold; CIRED; AgroParisTech; harold.levrel@agroparistech.fr; Mathevet, Raphael; UMR 5175 CEFE CNRS; raphael.mathevet@cefe.cnrs.fr. |
Biosphere reserves are an example of social-ecological systems that combine biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic development with knowledge generation and dissemination (both scientific and local). We review lessons learned from case studies biosphere reserves in western African and France, highlighting the importance of early stakeholder engagement to build knowledge for achieving sustainable development. We discuss the evolution of the concept of biosphere reserves and its application over time in different socioeconomic and cultural settings. The diversity of stakeholders and their different needs and perceptions about nature conservation complicate implementation processes, sometimes resulting in conflicts about the objectives and zonation of... |
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Biosphere reserves; Learning; Social-ecological systems; Solidarity; Sustainable development. |
Ano: 2016 |
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Vink, Martinus J.; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; martinus.vink@wur.nl; Dewulf, Art; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; art.dewulf@wur.nl; Termeer, Catrien; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; katrien.termeer@wur.nl. |
The long-term character of climate change and the high costs of adaptation measures, in combination with their uncertain effects, turn climate adaptation governance into a torturous process. We systematically review the literature on climate adaptation governance to analyze the scholarly understanding of these complexities. Building on governance literature about long-term and complex policy problems, we develop a conceptual matrix based on the dimensions knowledge and power to systematically study the peer-reviewed literature on climate adaptation governance. We find that about a quarter of the reviewed journal articles do not address the knowledge or power dimension of the governance of climate change adaptation, about half of the articles discuss either... |
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive institutions; Climate change; Governance of climate adaptation; Interactive framing; Learning; Literature on climate adaptation; Models; Negotiating; Politics. |
Ano: 2013 |
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Lundholm, Cecilia; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Teaching & Learning in the Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; cecilia.lundholm@cesam.su.se; Crona, Beatrice; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; beatrice.crona@stockholmresilience.su.se; Chabay, Ilan; Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany; Helmholtz Alliance on Sustainability and Social Compatibility of Future Energy Infrastructure, University of Stuttgart, Germany; ilan.chabay@gmail.com. |
Adaptive comanagement (ACM) has been suggested as the way to successfully achieve sustainable environmental governance. Despite excellent research, the field still suffers from underdeveloped frameworks of causality. To address this issue, we suggest a framework that integrates the structural frame of Plummer and Fitzgibbons’ “adaptive comanagement” with the specific process characteristics of Senecah’s “Trinity of Voice.” The resulting conceptual hybrid is used to guide the comparison of two cases of stakeholder participation in fisheries management—the Swedish Co-management Initiative and the Polish Fisheries Roundtable. We examine how different components of preconditions and the... |
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Fisheries; Fisheries governance; Learning; Participation; Stakeholder dialogue; Trinity of Voice. |
Ano: 2014 |
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Munaretto, Stefania; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam; stefania.munaretto@vu.nl; Siciliano, Giuseppina; Centre for Development, Environment and Policy (CeDEP), School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London; giuseppina.siciliano@gmail.com; Turvani, Margherita E.; Department of Design and Planning in Complex Environments, University IUAV of Venice; margheri@iuav.it. |
Climate adaptation is a dynamic social and institutional process where the governance dimension is receiving growing attention. Adaptive governance is an approach that promises to reduce uncertainty by improving the knowledge base for decision making. As uncertainty is an inherent feature of climate adaptation, adaptive governance seems to be a promising approach for improving climate adaptation governance. However, the adaptive governance literature has so far paid little attention to decision-making tools and methods, and the literature on the governance of adaptation is in its infancy in this regard. We argue that climate adaptation governance would benefit from systematic and yet flexible decision-making tools and methods such as participatory... |
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Decision-making tools; Experimentation; Learning; Participation. |
Ano: 2014 |
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Registros recuperados: 81 | |
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