SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Rossato,Janine I.; Zinn,Carolina G.; Furini,Cristiane; Bevilaqua,Lia R.M.; Medina,Jorge H.; Cammarota,Martín; Izquierdo,Iván.

Two major memory systems have been recognized over the years (Squire 1987): the declarative memory system, which is under the control of the hippocampus and related temporal lobe structures, and the procedural or habit memory system, which is under the control of the striatum and its connections. Most if not all learning tasks studied in animals, however, involve either the performance or the suppression of movement; this, if learned well, may be viewed as having become a habit. It is agreed that memory rules change from their first association to those that take place when the task is mastered. Does this change of rules involve a switch from one memory system to another? Here we will comment on: 1) reversal learning in the Morris water maze (MWM), in...

Simplified three-dimensional model provides anatomical insights in lizards' caudal autotomy as printed illustration

Palavras-chave: Hippocampus; Striatum; Declarative memory; Procedural memory; Habits; Learning.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652006000300011

AMORIM,JOANA D.C.G. DE; TRAVNIK,ISADORA; SOUSA,BERNADETE M. DE.

Lizards' caudal autotomy is a complex and vastly employed antipredator mechanism, with thorough anatomic adaptations involved. Due to its diminished size and intricate structures, vertebral anatomy is hard to be clearly conveyed to students and researchers of other areas. Three-dimensional models are prodigious tools in unveiling anatomical nuances. Some of the techniques used to create them can produce irregular and complicated forms, which despite being very accurate, lack didactical uniformity and simplicity. Since both are considered fundamental characteristics for comprehension, a simplified model could be the key to improve learning. The model here presented depicts the caudal osteology of Tropidurus itambere, and was designed to be concise, in order...

Identification and analysis of vocal communication pathways in birds through inducible gene expression

Palavras-chave: Anatomy; 3D modeling; Teaching; Learning; Tropidurus itambere.

Ano: 2015

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652015000100063

Mello,Claudio V..

The immediate-early gene zenk is an activity-dependent gene highly induced in auditory processing or vocal motor control brain areas when birds engage in hearing or producing song, respectively. Studies of the expression of zenk in songbirds and other avian groups will be reviewed here briefly, with a focus on how this analysis has generated new insights on the brain pathways and mechanisms involved in perceptual and motor aspects of vocal communication and vocal learning.

Consequences of gestational diabetes to the brain and behavior of the offspring

Palavras-chave: Zenk; Songbird; Auditory; Learning; Birdsong.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652004000200008

SOUSA,RICARDO A.L. DE; TORRES,YASMIN S.; FIGUEIREDO,CLAUDIA P.; PASSOS,GISELLE F.; CLARKE,JULIA R..

ABSTRACT Gestational diabetes mellitus (GD) is a form of insulin resistance triggered during the second/third trimesters of pregnancy in previously normoglycemic women. It is currently estimated that 10% of all pregnancies in the United States show this condition. For many years, the transient nature of GD has led researchers and physicians to assume that long-term consequences were absent. However, GD diagnosis leads to a six-fold increase in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in women and incidence of obesity and T2D is also higher among their infants. Recent and concerning evidences point to detrimental effects of GD on the behavior and cognition of the offspring, which often persist until adolescence or adulthood. Considering that the...

Chlorpheniramine impairs spatial choice learning in telencephalon-ablated fish

Palavras-chave: Insulin resistance; Hippocampus; Inflammation; Depression; Learning; Memory; Programing.

Ano: 2018

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652018000502279

Biol. Res.

ROMAGUERA,FERNANDA; MATTIOLI,ROSANA.

This work investigated the effect of the Hj receptor blockade in the forebrain of ablated Carassius auratus in a simple stimulus-response learning task using a T-maze test with positive reinforcement. The goldfish were submitted to surgery for removal of both telencephalic lobes five days before beginning the experiment. A T-shaped glass aquarium was employed, with two feeders located at the extremities of the long arm. One of the two feeders was blocked. The experimental triáis were performed in nine consecutive days. Each fish was individually placed in the short arm and confined there for thirty seconds, then it was allowed to swim through the aquarium to search for food for ten minutes (máximum period). Time to find food was analysed in seconds....

Tipo: Journal article

Palavras-chave: Histamine; Learning; Teleost fish; Telencephalon.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602008000300010

The brain decade in debate: VI. Sensory and motor maps: dynamics and plasticity

Das,A.; Franca,J.G.; Gattass,R.; Kaas,J.H.; Nicolelis,M.A.L.; Timo-Iaria,C.; Vargas,C.D.; Weinberger,N.M.; Volchan,E..

This article is an edited transcription of a virtual symposium promoted by the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC). Although the dynamics of sensory and motor representations have been one of the most studied features of the central nervous system, the actual mechanisms of brain plasticity that underlie the dynamic nature of sensory and motor maps are not entirely unraveled. Our discussion began with the notion that the processing of sensory information depends on many different cortical areas. Some of them are arranged topographically and others have non-topographic (analytical) properties. Besides a sensory component, every cortical area has an efferent output that can be mapped and can influence motor behavior. Although new behaviors...

Generalization of temporal order detection skill learning: two experimental studies of children with dyslexia

Palavras-chave: Visual; Somatosensory; Auditory; Motor; Cortex; Topography; Learning; Synesthesia.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001001200001

Murphy,C.F.B.; Schochat,E..

The objective of this study was to investigate the phenomenon of learning generalization of a specific skill of auditory temporal processing (temporal order detection) in children with dyslexia. The frequency order discrimination task was applied to children with dyslexia and its effect after training was analyzed in the same trained task and in a different task (duration order discrimination) involving the temporal order discrimination too. During study 1, one group of subjects with dyslexia (N = 12; mean age = 10.9 ± 1.4 years) was trained and compared to a group of untrained dyslexic children (N = 28; mean age = 10.4 ± 2.1 years). In study 2, the performance of a trained dyslexic group (N = 18; mean age = 10.1 ± 2.1 years) was compared at three...

The brain decade in debate: III. Neurobiology of emotion

Palavras-chave: Temporal order detection; Learning; Dyslexia; Children.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2010000400007

Blanchard,C.; Blanchard,R.; Fellous,J.-M.; Guimarães,F.S.; Irwin,W.; LeDoux,J.E.; McGaugh,J.L.; Rosen,J.B.; Schenberg,L.C.; Volchan,E.; Da Cunha,C..

This article is a transcription of an electronic symposium in which active researchers were invited by the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC) to discuss the advances of the last decade in the neurobiology of emotion. Four basic questions were debated: 1) What are the most critical issues/questions in the neurobiology of emotion? 2) What do we know for certain about brain processes involved in emotion and what is controversial? 3) What kinds of research are needed to resolve these controversial issues? 4) What is the relationship between learning, memory and emotion? The focus was on the existence of different neural systems for different emotions and the nature of the neural coding for the emotional states. Is emotion the result of the...

The brain decade in debate: I. Neurobiology of learning and memory

Palavras-chave: Emotion; Fear; Anxiety; Learning; Memory; Amygdala; Nucleus accumbens; Periaqueductal gray matter.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001000300001

Baddeley,A.; Bueno,O; Cahill,L.; Fuster,J.M.; Izquierdo,I.; McGaugh,J.L.; Morris,R.G.M.; Nadel,L.; Routtenberg,A.; Xavier,G.; Da Cunha,C..

This article is a transcription of an electronic symposium in which some active researchers were invited by the Brazilian Society for Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC) to discuss the last decade's advances in neurobiology of learning and memory. The way different parts of the brain are recruited during the storage of different kinds of memory (e.g., short-term vs long-term memory, declarative vs procedural memory) and even the property of these divisions were discussed. It was pointed out that the brain does not really store memories, but stores traces of information that are later used to create memories, not always expressing a completely veridical picture of the past experienced reality. To perform this process different parts of the brain act as...

Effects of caffeine on learning and memory in rats tested in the Morris water maze

Palavras-chave: Memory; Learning; Hippocampus; Prefrontal; Cortex; Amygdala; Memory systems.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2000000900002

Angelucci,M.E.M.; Cesário,C.; Hiroi,R.H.; Rosalen,P.L.; Cunha,C. Da.

We studied some of the characteristics of the improving effect of the non-specific adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine, using an animal model of learning and memory. Groups of 12 adult male Wistar rats receiving caffeine (0.3-30 mg/kg, ip, in 0.1 ml/100 g body weight) administered 30 min before training, immediately after training, or 30 min before the test session were tested in the spatial version of the Morris water maze task. Post-training administration of caffeine improved memory retention at the doses of 0.3-10 mg/kg (the rats swam up to 600 cm less to find the platform in the test session, P<=0.05) but not at the dose of 30 mg/kg. Pre-test caffeine administration also caused a small increase in memory retrieval (the escape path of the rats...

Re-envisioning community-wildfire relations in the U.S. West as adaptive governance

Palavras-chave: Memory; Learning; Caffeine; Methylxanthines; Adenosine receptor antagonist; Morris water maze.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2002001000013

Abrams, Jesse B; Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; jabrams@uoregon.edu; Knapp, Melanie; U.S. Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution, Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation; previous: Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; knapp@udall.gov; Paveglio, Travis B; Department Of Natural Resources and Society, University of Idaho; tpaveglio@uidaho.edu; Ellison, Autumn; Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; autumne@uoregon.edu; Moseley, Cassandra; Ecosystem Workforce Program, Institute for a Sustainable Environment, University of Oregon; cmoseley@uoregon.edu; Nielsen-Pincus, Max; Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University; maxnp@pdx.edu; Carroll, Matthew S; School of the Environment, Washington State University; carroll@wsu.edu.

Prompted by a series of increasingly destructive, expensive, and highly visible wildfire crises in human communities across the globe, a robust body of scholarship has emerged to theorize, conceptualize, and measure community-level resilience to wildfires. To date, however, insufficient consideration has been given to wildfire resilience as a process of adaptive governance mediated by institutions at multiple scales. Here we explore the possibilities for addressing this gap through an analysis of wildfire resilience among wildland-urban interface communities in the western region of the United States. We re-engage important but overlooked components of social-ecological system resilience by situating rural communities within their state- to national-level...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Disaster resilience; Institutions; Learning; Scale-matching; Wildfire; Wildland-urban interface.

Ano: 2015

Learning, Signaling, and Social Preferences in Public-Good Games

Janssen, Marco A; Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu; Ahn, T. K.; Florida State University and Korea University; tahn@fsu.edu.

This study compares the empirical performance of a variety of learning models and theories of social preferences in the context of experimental games involving the provision of public goods. Parameters are estimated via maximum likelihood estimation. We also performed estimations to identify different types of agents and distributions of parameters. The estimated models suggest that the players of such games take into account the learning of others and are belief learners. Despite these interesting findings, we conclude that a powerful method of model selection of agent-based models on dynamic social dilemma experiments is still lacking.

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Laboratory experiments; Public goods; Agent-based model; Learning; Social preferences.

Ano: 2006

Are There Scientific Criteria for Putting Short-term Conservation Ahead of Learning? No.

Hinrichsen, Richard A; Hinrichsen Environmental Services; hinrich@seanet.com.

Kai Lee asks "Are there clearly articulated scientific criteria for putting short-term conservation ahead of learning? (That is, are there conservation situations where we know enough not to need to worry about surprises?)" There can be no such scientific criteria, even in the most trivial of circumstances, because it is really a question of societal values. In cases in which societal values favor conservation of an endangered or threatened population, reliable learning is unlikely to be placed ahead of short-term conservation, partly because it is uncertain whether learning will really improve the prospects for population recovery. Given the prevailing societal values and scientific realities surrounding endangered or threatened populations, the question...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Snake River; Adaptive management; Chinook salmon; Endangered populations; Learning; Scientific criteria; Short-term conservation; Societal values.

Ano: 2000

Frames of Scale Challenges in Finnish and Greek Biodiversity Conservation

Apostolopoulou, Evangelia; Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ; evaposto@bio.auth.gr; Paloniemi, Riikka ; Environmental Policy Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE); riikka.paloniemi@ymparisto.fi.

Global conservation expansion has been associated with significant changes in cross-scale interactions and in the discourses surrounding them engendering new scale challenges in the field of biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we analyze frames of scale challenges by drawing on evidence from eight focus groups of stakeholders and scientists from Greece and Finland. By following a systematic frame analysis we found three dominant frames. First, framing scale challenges as mainly derived from knowledge gaps regarding ecological scale emphasizes the scale problems occurring when only limited consideration is given to the scale-dependence of ecological phenomena. This prioritizes the formulation of scientifically informed conservation policies,...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Biodiversity governance; Conservation areas; Fit; Frames; Learning; Mismatch; Power; Scale.

Ano: 2012

Stakeholder engagement and biodiversity conservation challenges in social-ecological systems: some insights from biosphere reserves in western Africa and France

Bouamrane, Meriem; UNESCO MAB; m.bouamrane@unesco.org; Spierenburg, Marja; Department of Anthropology and Development Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen; M.Spierenburg@maw.ru.nl; Agrawal, Arun; University of Michigan; arunagra@umich.edu; Etienne, Michel; INRA; jlmichel.etienne@laposte.net; Le Page, Christophe; CIRAD-UPR GREEN; le_page@cirad.fr; Levrel, Harold; CIRED; AgroParisTech; harold.levrel@agroparistech.fr; Mathevet, Raphael; UMR 5175 CEFE CNRS; raphael.mathevet@cefe.cnrs.fr.

Biosphere reserves are an example of social-ecological systems that combine biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic development with knowledge generation and dissemination (both scientific and local). We review lessons learned from case studies biosphere reserves in western African and France, highlighting the importance of early stakeholder engagement to build knowledge for achieving sustainable development. We discuss the evolution of the concept of biosphere reserves and its application over time in different socioeconomic and cultural settings. The diversity of stakeholders and their different needs and perceptions about nature conservation complicate implementation processes, sometimes resulting in conflicts about the objectives and zonation of...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Biosphere reserves; Learning; Social-ecological systems; Solidarity; Sustainable development.

Ano: 2016

The role of knowledge and power in climate change adaptation governance: a systematic literature review

Vink, Martinus J.; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; martinus.vink@wur.nl; Dewulf, Art; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; art.dewulf@wur.nl; Termeer, Catrien; Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University; katrien.termeer@wur.nl.

The long-term character of climate change and the high costs of adaptation measures, in combination with their uncertain effects, turn climate adaptation governance into a torturous process. We systematically review the literature on climate adaptation governance to analyze the scholarly understanding of these complexities. Building on governance literature about long-term and complex policy problems, we develop a conceptual matrix based on the dimensions knowledge and power to systematically study the peer-reviewed literature on climate adaptation governance. We find that about a quarter of the reviewed journal articles do not address the knowledge or power dimension of the governance of climate change adaptation, about half of the articles discuss either...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Adaptive institutions; Climate change; Governance of climate adaptation; Interactive framing; Learning; Literature on climate adaptation; Models; Negotiating; Politics.

Ano: 2013

Stakeholder participation and sustainable fisheries: an integrative framework for assessing adaptive comanagement processes

Lundholm, Cecilia; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Teaching & Learning in the Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; cecilia.lundholm@cesam.su.se; Crona, Beatrice; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; beatrice.crona@stockholmresilience.su.se; Chabay, Ilan; Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany; Helmholtz Alliance on Sustainability and Social Compatibility of Future Energy Infrastructure, University of Stuttgart, Germany; ilan.chabay@gmail.com.

Adaptive comanagement (ACM) has been suggested as the way to successfully achieve sustainable environmental governance. Despite excellent research, the field still suffers from underdeveloped frameworks of causality. To address this issue, we suggest a framework that integrates the structural frame of Plummer and Fitzgibbons’ “adaptive comanagement” with the specific process characteristics of Senecah’s “Trinity of Voice.” The resulting conceptual hybrid is used to guide the comparison of two cases of stakeholder participation in fisheries management—the Swedish Co-management Initiative and the Polish Fisheries Roundtable. We examine how different components of preconditions and the...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Fisheries; Fisheries governance; Learning; Participation; Stakeholder dialogue; Trinity of Voice.

Ano: 2014

Reconsidering the Effectiveness of Scientific Tools for Negotiating Local Solutions to Conflicts between Recreation and Conservation with Stakeholders

Pouwels, Rogier; Wageningen University & Research Centre; rogier.pouwels@wur.nl; Opdam, Paul; Wageningen University & Research Centre; paul.opdam@wur.nl.

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis

Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Biodiversity; Boundary management; Integrated tools; Learning; Local data; Recreation; Spatially explicit; Stakeholders; Tools; Visualization.

Ano: 2011

Integrating adaptive governance and participatory multicriteria methods: a framework for climate adaptation governance

Munaretto, Stefania; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam; stefania.munaretto@vu.nl; Siciliano, Giuseppina; Centre for Development, Environment and Policy (CeDEP), School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London; giuseppina.siciliano@gmail.com; Turvani, Margherita E.; Department of Design and Planning in Complex Environments, University IUAV of Venice; margheri@iuav.it.

Climate adaptation is a dynamic social and institutional process where the governance dimension is receiving growing attention. Adaptive governance is an approach that promises to reduce uncertainty by improving the knowledge base for decision making. As uncertainty is an inherent feature of climate adaptation, adaptive governance seems to be a promising approach for improving climate adaptation governance. However, the adaptive governance literature has so far paid little attention to decision-making tools and methods, and the literature on the governance of adaptation is in its infancy in this regard. We argue that climate adaptation governance would benefit from systematic and yet flexible decision-making tools and methods such as participatory...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Climate change; Decision-making tools; Experimentation; Learning; Participation.

Ano: 2014

Monitoring Social Learning Processes in Adaptive Comanagement: Three Case Studies from South Africa