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Registros recuperados: 26 | |
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De Groote, Hugo; Kimenju, Simon Chege; Owuor, George; Wanyama, Japheter. |
This study analyses the impact of the liberalization on the intensification of maize production in Kenya. It first analyses the impact of liberalization on input and output prices, followed by an analysis of farmer practices comparing two major farmer surveys, from 1992 and 2002. The results show that liberalization has had a general positive impact on the evolution of prices, with a decrease of input/output price ratios. However, fluctuations of maize prices has become very high and, combined with a decrease of marketing by the marketing board, has increased the uncertainty in maize production. The liberalization has also resulted in a decrease in extension services. Fortunately, farmers have an increased access to credit services. The combined effect of... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Liberalization; Intensification; Adoption; Maize; Africa; International Development; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25419 |
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Chowdhury, Nuimuddin; Farid, Naser; Roy, Devesh. |
Three factors, advent of new technology (HYV), development of infrastructure and market liberalization working in tandem have delivered favorable food security outcomes for Bangladesh. Bangladesh’s food-policy has benefited from a liberalized trade regime and a consistent downsizing of the government, all with favorable effects on poverty and nutrition. Post liberalization, the findings suggest a perceptible increase in the cost-effectiveness of the public food grain distribution system (PFDS). The favorable effects of liberalization are also evident in growths in outputs, market size, the size of private stocks, the emergence of a two peak harvest seasonality, and finally in declining real rice prices. The government has moreover downsized the PFDS,... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food policy; Liberalization; Government policy; Markets; Food security; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58574 |
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Mousavi, S.N.. |
In an effort to alleviate rice shortages, the Iranian government is attempting to encourage the private sector to become more involved in the rice market and trade of Iran. To this end, the multi rate foreign exchange system, which was adopted for several years mainly to support consumers, is being substituted by a single rate, with which the consumer price of rice is expected to decline, and the producer price to increase towards the world price. In this study, the links between change in rice price on the one hand, and poverty and food insecurity (measured by calorie intake) on the other, are calculated by applying Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (1984) measures to data from a sample of 540 Iranian households. Because of the increase in the real income of... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Rice market; Liberalization; Food insecurity; Poverty; Iran; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25464 |
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Deng, Hugh; Nzuma, Jonathan M.. |
While there seems to be an agreement that Canada-US Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA)/North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have benefited member countries, some analysts have argued that the agreements had little effect on the bilateral Canada/US agricultural trade as many other factors have contributed to the increased trade flows. Results from this study reveal that the aggregate bilateral agricultural trade flows have generally experienced a steady growth since the implementation of NAFTA with trade flows seemingly favoring Canada more than the US since 1992. At the industry level, the impacts of NAFTA on Canada/US agricultural trade were varied with the sub-sectors analyzed responding differently to the bilateral trade liberalization. |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: CUSTA/NAFTA; Agricultural trade; Liberalization; Integration; Trade flows; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24704 |
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Beghin, John C.; Fabiosa, Jacinto F.. |
Using the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) modeling system, we investigate the multilateral removal of border taxes and farm programs and their distortion of world agricultural markets. We find that agricultural and trade distortions have significant terms-of-trade effects. Terms-of-trade effects caused by trade barriers are much larger than those caused by domestic farm programs. World trade is also significantly impacted. Trade expansion is substantial for most commodities, especially dairy, meats, and vegetable oils. Net agricultural and food exporters, such as Brazil, Australia, and Argentina, emerge with expanded exports, whereas net importing countries with limited distortions before liberalization are penalized by higher world... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Doha Round; Domestic farm program; Liberalization; Partial equilibrium; Trade distortion; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18611 |
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Boughton, Duncan; Tschirley, David L.; Zulu, Ballard; Ofico, Afonso Osorio; de Marrule, Higino Francisco. |
Cotton is one of the most important smallholder cash crops in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). How to ensure input supply, credit recovery and competition is a subject of intense policy debate. This paper examines the performance of cotton sector development policies in Mozambique and Zambia. Both countries face the challenge of organizing input supply to farmers in the absence of rural credit markets, and competing in international markets distorted by production subsidies in developed countries. Both countries privatized cotton ginning in the 1990s. Emerging from civil war, Mozambique established geographical monopolies to interlink input and output markets and facilitate credit recovery. In Zambia, the government completely liberalized the cotton sector,... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Cotton; Mozambique; Zambia; Liberalization; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries. |
Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25855 |
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Fardmanesh, Mohsen; Tan, Li. |
This paper studies the structural impact of wage and price control policies in socialist transitional economies using a two-sector three-factor small open economy model. It illustrates the results quantitatively via simulation exercises. At the earlier stage of the transition when labor is immobile, a strict control on the price of the non-tradables and the wage rate minimizes the fall in employment and output. Also, a more severe control on the price of the non-tradables than on the wage rate alleviates the fall in the real wage at negligible costs in lost employment and output. At the later stage of the transition when labor becomes mobile, the liberalization of the price of the nontradables can proceed faster than that of the wage rate. This policy... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Liberalization; Structural adjustment; Price policy; Wage policy; Socialist transitional economies; Labor and Human Capital. |
Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28515 |
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McCalla, Alex F.. |
The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Agriculture was signed in June 1994. It accomplished two things: it brought agricultural trade under the rules of WTO, and it set schedules for reducing barriers to trade under the three pillars of liberalization--market access, export assistance, and domestic support. Nine years later there has been precious little liberalization. The new Doha Round has ambitious objectives for agricultural trade liberalization. However, given recent behavior by rich developed countries, it seems unlikely that developing countries will get increased access to Northern markets or reduced competition from subsidized exports, despite their now representing a majority of WTO members. |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Barriers; Distortions; Improved access; Liberalization; Policy; Protection; WTO; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31067 |
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Beghin, John C.. |
This paper is an overview of important findings regarding the ongoing evolution of Asian dairy markets based on a series of new economic investigations. These investigations provide systematic empirical foundations for assessing Asian dairy markets with their new consumption patterns, changing industries, and trade prospects under different domestic and trade policy regimes. The findings are drawn from four case studies (China, India, Japan, and Korea), as well as a prospective analysis of future regional patterns of consumption and a policy analysis of trade liberalization of Asian dairy markets. The overview distills the findings of these new investigations and integrates them in the earlier economic literature; it draws policy implications and... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Asia; China; Dairy; India; Japan; Korea; Liberalization; Trade integration; Livestock Production/Industries. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18303 |
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Kerr, William A.. |
International trade can be inhibited in two ways; through the use of mechanisms that directly alter the flow of goods and poor transparency in the rules of trade. The former includes tariffs and other border measures, subsidies and non-tariff barriers. The effect on trade flows resulting from issues of transparency is indirect. When the rules of trade are unclear for firms considering investing in trade related activities, the risks associated with those investments increase and investment is inhibited. If there is less investment in trade related activities, trade flows will be reduced. Poor transparency exists in contingent protection measures such as anti-dumping – currently on the agenda of the Rules negotiations at the WTO and – customs and related... |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Investment; Liberalization; Risk; Transparency; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6322 |
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Registros recuperados: 26 | |
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