| Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) can be defined as small, random deviations from bilateral symmetry in structures that are bilaterally symmetrical and can estimate a population's inability to buffer its growth against perturbations of environmental origins. Another important issue about FA is whether biotic factors may also induce stress in organisms. Therefore, in this study I aimed to investigate the influence of both the abiotic (light exposure) and biotic (Ditylenchus sp. galls) factors accounting for increased FA in Miconia fallax leaves. Galls are known as parasites and a major cause of leaf stress. Additionally, since M. fallax is a pioneer plant species, individuals in the shade were supposed to present high levels of FA relative to plants on the edges... |
